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Neonatology: A Practical Approach to Neonatal Diseases

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This new textbook wants to offer to neonatologists and pediatricians a modern and complete view of the various problems and aspects of neonatology, currently one of the most complex and advanced fields of pediatrics.

The first chapters will be dedicated to the epidemiology of neonatal mortality and morbidity and to the conditions responsible for neonatal risk. A section will be devoted to organizational problems of hospitals and home services for efficient modern neonatal and infant care.

Particular attention will be paid to neonatal care, medico-legal questions, examination of newborns and current availability of laboratory facilities and instrumentation for identification of perinatal abnormalities. Neonatal nutritional problems will also be examined, outlining current knowledge of the needs of sick and healthy babies. Conditions jeopardizing fetal health such as diabetes, maternal drug abuse and smoking will be discussed. New advances in neonatal pharmacology will be extensively examined.

Various diseases of the neonate involving lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, blood, immune system, endocrine system and kidneys will be also expounded in special chapters. Fetal and neonatal infections will be extensively discussed. Fetal and neonatal neurological abnormalities will be discussed by highly specialized authors. There will be chapters on neonatal ophthalmology, dermatology and orthopedics.

Each chapter has beeb written by a well recognized international expert in his or her field. As the opinion leader in their field, the Author is responsible for giving the most up-to-date information in terms of what is known, what is still being researched, and what has become evidence based medicine. Underlying causes and mechanisms of neonatal diseases will be presented in an immediate form. The use of summaries, tables, and accurately selected guidelines or recommendations that will accompany the text will supply quick references and instant solutions to the concerned neonatologists during their daily practice.

Author(s): Marcello Orzalesi, Carlo Corchia (auth.), Giuseppe Buonocore, Rodolfo Bracci, Michael Weindling (eds.)
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Mailand
Year: 2012

Language: English
Pages: 1350
Tags: Pediatrics; Obstetrics/Perinatology; Maternal and Child Health; Intensive / Critical Care Medicine; Nursing

Front Matter....Pages I-XXX
Epidemiology: Mortality and Morbidity....Pages 1-6
The Development from Fetus to Newborn....Pages 7-16
General Characteristics of Preterm and Term Newborn....Pages 17-20
Risk Factors for Gestational Diseases....Pages 21-25
Epigenetic Mechanisms....Pages 26-30
Congenital Malformations and Syndromes: Early Diagnosis and Prognosis....Pages 31-45
Prenatal and Postnatal Inflammatory Mechanisms....Pages 46-49
The Fetus at Risk: Chorioamnionitis....Pages 50-54
Diagnosis of Fetal Distress....Pages 55-66
Multiple Pregnancies....Pages 67-76
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Obstetric Aspects....Pages 77-81
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Neonatal Aspects....Pages 82-88
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Intervention Strategies....Pages 89-93
Late Preterm Infants at Risk for Short-Term and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality....Pages 94-101
Ethical Problems....Pages 102-113
Basic Approach to the Care of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: an Outline....Pages 114-116
The Process of Decision-Making....Pages 117-121
Follow-up Outcomes of High Risk Infants....Pages 122-129
Early Markers of Poor Outcome....Pages 130-135
Quality of Neonatal Intensive Care and Outcome for High Risk Newborn Infants....Pages 136-144
Cerebral Plasticity and Functional Reorganization in Children with Congenital Brain Lesions....Pages 145-149
Organization of Perinatal Care....Pages 150-156
Training of Doctors and Nurses in Perinatology....Pages 157-160
Neonatal Transport Services....Pages 161-164
Problems of Discharge and Home Care of Newborns....Pages 165-167
Risk Management....Pages 168-172
Guidelines and Protocols....Pages 173-177
Physical Environment: the Thermal Environment....Pages 178-188
Information and Psychosocial Intervention in Neonatology....Pages 189-191
Neonatology and the Law....Pages 192-196
Environment and Early Developmental Care....Pages 197-200
Neonatal Pain: Neurophysiology, Recognition and Prevention....Pages 201-205
Procedural Pain Management with Non-Pharmacological Interventions....Pages 206-209
Neonatal Anesthesia....Pages 210-216
Neonatal Care in the Delivery Room: Initial Management....Pages 217-220
Approach to Low Risk Newborns....Pages 221-225
Early Detection of Neonatal Depression and Asphyxia....Pages 226-231
Resuscitation of the Newborn....Pages 232-241
Oxygen Toxicity....Pages 242-249
Physical Examination of the Newborn....Pages 250-256
Primary Investigations in the Term and Preterm Newborn....Pages 257-262
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract....Pages 263-280
Hormones and Gastrointestinal Function....Pages 281-289
Feeding the Term Infant: Human Milk and Formulas....Pages 290-297
Nutritional Recommendations for the Very Low Birth Weight Newborn....Pages 298-303
Enteral Feeding of the Very Low Birth Weight Infant....Pages 304-310
Parenteral Nutrition....Pages 311-319
Post-Discharge Nutrition in Preterm Infants....Pages 320-332
Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis: Pathophysiology....Pages 333-353
Micronutrients and Vitamins....Pages 354-357
Safety of Medications During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding....Pages 358-363
Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics....Pages 364-368
Infants of Drug-Addicted Mothers....Pages 369-374
Infants of Smoking Mothers....Pages 375-378
Infants of Diabetic Mothers....Pages 379-386
Lung Development and Pulmonary Malformations....Pages 387-404
Neonatal Pulmonary Physiology of Term and Preterm Newborns....Pages 405-414
Control of Breathing in Newborns....Pages 415-422
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome....Pages 423-428
Molecular Structure of Surfactant: Biochemical Aspects....Pages 429-432
Surfactant Metabolism in Neonatal Lung Diseases....Pages 433-440
Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Predisposing Factors, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis....Pages 441-454
Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Transient Tachypnea and Neonatal Pneumonia....Pages 455-459
Pulmonary Air Leakage....Pages 460-468
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease....Pages 469-483
Rare Lung Diseases....Pages 484-487
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia....Pages 488-496
Treatment of Respiratory Failure: Mechanical Ventilation....Pages 497-508
Continuous Positive Airways Pressure and other Non-Invasive Ventilation Techniques....Pages 509-521
Lung Diseases: Surfactant Replacement Therapy....Pages 522-528
Nitric Oxide Therapy in Neonatology....Pages 529-536
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Neonates....Pages 537-539
Lung Diseases: Problems of Steroid Treatment of Fetus and Newborn....Pages 540-542
Apnea of Prematurity and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome....Pages 543-549
Cardiovascular Physiology, Pathology, and Clinical Investigation....Pages 550-568
Early Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: When and How to Treat....Pages 569-576
Arrhythmias and Heart Muscle Diseases....Pages 577-584
Blood Pressure Disorders in the Neonate: Hypotension and Hypertension....Pages 585-592
Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity....Pages 593-598
Patent Ductus Arteriosus....Pages 599-607
Bilirubin Metabolism, Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Physiological Neonatal Jaundice....Pages 608-610
Pathologic Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Isoimmunization, Abnormalities of Red Cells and Infections....Pages 611-620
Kernicterus, Bilirubin Induced Neurological Dysfunction and New Treatments for Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia....Pages 621-628
Treatment of Hyperbilirubinemia....Pages 629-640
Pathology and Treatment of Liver Diseases....Pages 641-649
Neonatal Cholestasis-Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia....Pages 650-658
Surgical Treatment of Biliary Tract Malformations....Pages 659-663
Orofacial Malformations....Pages 664-674
Esophageal Atresia....Pages 675-681
Gastrointestinal Malformations....Pages 682-698
Rare Surgical Emergencies....Pages 699-703
Meconium Plug Syndrome....Pages 704-707
Hirschsprung’s Disease....Pages 708-712
Gastroenteritis and Intractable Diarrhea....Pages 713-718
Rehydration after Diarrhea....Pages 719-723
Necrotizing Enterocolitis....Pages 724-730
Surgical Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis....Pages 731-734
Hematology and Immunology: Overview....Pages 735-747
Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Deficiencies of Coagulation Factors in the Newborn....Pages 748-762
Coagulation Disorders: Risk of Thrombosis in the Newborn....Pages 763-769
Coagulation Disorders: Inflammation and Thrombosis....Pages 770-774
Coagulation Disorders: Clinical Aspects of Platelet Disorders....Pages 775-783
Anemia in the Neonatal Period....Pages 784-798
Fetal and Neonatal Hydrops....Pages 799-803
Physiology and Abnormalities of Leukocytes....Pages 804-818
Neonatal Hereditary Neutropenia....Pages 819-821
Therapy with Recombinant Leukocyte Growth Factors....Pages 822-829
Fundamentals of Feto-Neonatal Immunology and Its Clinical Relevance....Pages 830-847
Congenital Immunodeficiencies....Pages 848-852
Inflammatory Mediators in Neonatal Asphyxia and Infection....Pages 853-857
Neonatal Malignancies....Pages 858-868
Fetal Infections: Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex, and Varicella....Pages 869-879
Fetal infections: Rubella, HIV, HCV, HBV, and Human Parvovirus B19....Pages 880-892
Fetal Infections: Congenital Syphilis, and Tuberculosis....Pages 893-897
Toxoplasmosis in the Fetus and Newborn....Pages 898-904
Neonatal Bacterial and Fungal Infections....Pages 905-930
Neonatal Septic Shock....Pages 931-939
Neonatal Viral Infections: Enteroviruses, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus....Pages 940-943
Vaccinations and Neonatal Immunity....Pages 944-948
Inborn Errors of Metabolism....Pages 949-966
Endocrine Diseases of Newborn....Pages 967-992
Disorders of Thyroid Function....Pages 993-1003
Disorders of Sexual Development....Pages 1004-1017
Pathophysiology of Fetal and Neonatal Kidneys....Pages 1018-1026
Acute and Chronic Renal Failure in the Newborn Infant....Pages 1027-1039
Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal and Urinary Tract Malformations....Pages 1040-1066
Brain Development and Perinatal Vulnerability to Cerebral Damage....Pages 1067-1078
Inflammation and Perinatal Brain Injury....Pages 1079-1086
Normal and Abnormal Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants....Pages 1087-1099
Neurological Examination of the Newborn Infant....Pages 1100-1112
Neonatal Electroencephalography....Pages 1113-1117
Neuroimaging Studies....Pages 1118-1130
Malformations of Cortical Development: Genetic Aspects....Pages 1131-1136
Congenital Malformations of the Brain: Prenatal Diagnosis, Spectrum and Causes....Pages 1137-1146
Biochemical Basis of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy....Pages 1147-1159
Clinical Aspects and Treatment of the Hypoxic-Ischemic Syndrome....Pages 1160-1172
Neuroprotective Strategies....Pages 1173-1179
Cerebral Hemorrhage....Pages 1180-1191
Neonatal Arterial Stroke....Pages 1192-1198
Neonatal Seizures....Pages 1199-1207
The Timing of Neonatal Brain Damage....Pages 1208-1215
Thrombosis in the Development of Newborn Brain Damage....Pages 1216-1227
Epidemiology of Adverse Cerebral Outcome....Pages 1228-1231
Neuromuscular Disorders....Pages 1232-1239
Ocular Malformations....Pages 1240-1245
Retinopathy of Prematurity....Pages 1246-1265
Neonatal Orthopedic Surgery....Pages 1266-1268
Neonatal Skin Disorders....Pages 1269-1293
Back Matter....Pages 1295-1348