Neglected and Underutilized Crops: Future Smart Food

Front Cover
Neglected and Underutilized Crops
Neglected and Underutilized Crops:Future Smart Food
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
I - Introduction
1 - Neglected and underutilized crops and global food security
1. Introduction
2. Role of neglected and underutilized crops in global food security and biodiversity
2.1 Diversification and resilience of crop production systems for food security
2.2 Nutritional and environmental value of neglected and underutilized species
3. Strategies to bring neglected and underutilized crops out of their niche role
3.1 Developing capacity and changing perceptions
3.2 Genetic enhancements and conservation
3.3 Value addition and marketing chains
3.4 Policy interventions
4. Conclusions
References
II - Cereal and pseudocereal crops
2 - Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)—a smart crop for food and nutritional security
1. Introduction
2. Origin, domestication, and distribution
3. Botanical description
4. Nutritional significance and end-uses
5. Quinoa genetic resources
6. Production technology
6.1 Improved varieties
6.2 Sowing and stand establishment
6.3 Climate and soil
6.4 Nutrient management
6.5 Weed management
6.6 Water management
6.7 Plant protection
6.8 Cropping system
7. Processing and value addition
7.1 Value addition in the quinoa through quinoa seed processing
8. Case studies of success stories
9. Adaptation to climate change
9.1 Drought
9.2 Salinity
9.3 Temperature
10. Conclusion and future research
References
3 - Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)
1. Introduction
2. Botany
2.1 Botanical description
2.2 Domestication, phylogeny, and genomics
2.3 Ecology and botanical geography
2.4 Ethnobotany
3. Nutritional significance
3.1 Proximal nutrients
3.2 Minerals
3.3 Essential amino acids
3.4 Fatty acids
3.5 Antioxidants, total flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in cañahua
4. Global distribution
4.1 South America
5. Production technology
5.1 Varietal selection in Peru
5.2 Varietal selection in Bolivia
5.3 Biofertilization
5.4 Crop management
5.4.1 Weed management
5.4.2 Thinning
5.4.3 Irrigation, sowing density, and organic fertilization
5.5 Harvesting
5.6 Post-harvest
5.7 Pest and diseases
6. Tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
6.1 Drought tolerance
6.2 Heat tolerance
6.3 Frost and cold tolerance
6.3.1 Hail tolerance
6.4 Salinity tolerance
7. Case studies of success stories
7.1 Cañahua cultivation in Peru
7.2 Cañahua cultivation in Bolivia
7.3 Experimental adaptation in other latitudes
8. Adaptation of cañahua in affected lands and soils
8.1 Cultivation in saline soils of Peru and Bolivia
8.2 Cultivation in contaminated soils in Bolivia
8.3 Experimentation as phytoremediation and pest resistance
9. Limitations and future perspectives
9.1 Limitations
9.2 Future perspectives
10. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
4 - Use of genomics and phenomics in grain amaranths for diversity assessment and breeding in the Americas
1. Introduction
2. Grain Amaranth diversity
2.1 Species involved
2.2 Distribution of grain amaranths
2.3 Races and genepools of grain Amaranth
2.4 Core collection
2.5 Other collections
3. Molecular markers used to assess grain Amaranth
3.1 Early marker systems
3.2 SNP-based markers
3.3 Genotyping by sequencing as a method of diversity assessment
3.4 Field and greenhouse phenomics
3.5 Trait characterization
4. Implications of diversity assessment
5. Implications for breeding
6. Future work
6.1 QTL studies
6.2 Genome wide association studies
6.3 Genotype environment associations
7. Final thoughts
References
5 - Genetics, breeding, and genomics of Indian barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea): status and perspectives
1. Introduction
2. Phylogeny, origin, and history
3. Botanical description and floral biology
4. Growth, development, and agronomic attributes
5. Nutrition composition and nutraceutical potential of barnyard millet
6. Adaptation to climate change and local environments
7. Intercropping systems
8. Bottlenecks in barnyard millet breeding
9. Major biotic and abiotic production constraints
10. Breeding advancements in barnyard millet
10.1 Conventional breeding strategies
10.2 Mutation breeding
11. Modern breeding approaches for genetic improvement
11.1 Genetic diversity studies through molecular markers
11.2 Gene/QTL mapping
11.3 Genomic resources and utilization
12. Comparative genomics and synteny studies
13. Functional genomics approach for gene discovery
13.1 Transcriptomics
13.2 Proteomics and metabolomics
13.3 Genetic transformation methods
14. Conclusion and future outlook
References
Further reading
6 - Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn)
1. Introduction
1.1 Origin and domestication
1.2 Global distribution
2. Production technology
2.1 Nutritional significance
2.2 Tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
2.2.1 Abiotic stress
2.2.2 Biotic stress
2.3 Adaptation to local environments especially to climate change
2.4 Genomic studies
3. Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
7 - Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and F. tataricum Gaertn.)
1. Introduction
2. Importance and uses
3. Botany, genetics, and global distribution
3.1 Botany
3.2 Genetics
3.3 Global distribution
4. Nutritional values and significance
4.1 Major nutrients
4.2 Amino acids
4.3 Fatty acids
4.4 Vitamins
4.5 Minerals
4.6 Flavonoids
4.7 Medicinal value
5. Gene pool, breeding, and biotechnology
5.1 Gene pool
5.2 Buckwheat breeding
5.3 Biotechnology
6. Production technology
6.1 Climate
6.2 Quality seeds
6.3 Varieties
6.4 Soil
6.5 Cropping pattern and cultivar mixture
6.6 Land preparation
6.7 Fertilizer
6.8 Seeding time
6.9 Seeding rate
6.10 Seeding
6.11 Irrigation
6.12 Intercultural operation
6.13 Plant protection
6.14 Harvesting and threshing
6.15 Yield
7. Adaptability to varying environments and climate change
8. Tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses
9. Conservation
10. Success cases
10.1 Hybridization
10.2 Varietal development
10.3 Germplasm rescue
10.4 Application of biotechnology
10.5 Product diversification
10.6 Year-round production
10.7 Emergency crop
10.8 Adjustable to the diversified cropping system
10.9 Buckwheat as a medicinal crop
10.10 Model crop in education
11. Conclusion and prospects
References
8 - Fonio millets: an underutilized crop with potential as a future smart cereal
1. Introduction
2. Botany of fonio
3. Soil, climate requirements, and ecological adaptability
4. Planting system
5. Weed management
6. Adaptation and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress
7. Production and distribution
8. Nutritional and cultural utilizations
9. Production constraints and challenges
10. Germplasm characterization
11. Breeding and improvements
12. The future outlook for smart food production
References
9 - Brown top millet (Brachiaria ramosa L. Stapf; Panicum ramosum L.)—a neglected and smart crop in fighting agains ...
1. Introduction
2. Origin, domestication, and global distribution
3. Botanical description
4. Habitat
5. Uses
5.1 Human food
5.2 Feed and forage
5.3 Cover crop, catch crop, nurse crop, and green manure crop
5.4 Support to wildlife
5.5 Bioremediation of contaminated soil
5.6 Plant protection
6. Nutritional significance
6.1 Nutrient composition of grain
6.2 Health benefits
6.3 Nutritional importance as animal feed
7. Cultivation technology
7.1 Crop improvement program
7.2 Sowing and stand establishment
7.3 Nutrient management
7.4 Cropping system
7.5 Plant protection
7.6 Productivity
8. Processing and value addition
8.1 Processing
8.1.1 Grader
8.1.2 Dehuller
8.1.3 Aspirator
8.1.4 Polisher
8.1.5 Pulverizer
8.2 Value addition
8.2.1 Benefits of value addition
8.2.2 Value addition and marketing
8.2.3 Value-added products of Brown top millet
9. Case studies of success stories
9.1 “Korale Raghu” of Tumkuru, India brought the nutritious brown top millet back to plates
9.2 Comeback of climate smart crop in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India
9.3 An outstanding initiative by a woman farmer of Srikakulam, India
10. Future scope of research
11. Conclusion
References
10 - Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)
1. Introduction
2. Domestication and global distribution
3. Taxonomy and botany
4. Reproductive biology and hybridization techniques
5. Artificial hybridization techniques
6. Production technology
6.1 Climatic requirement and adaptability
6.2 Soil type and sowing method
6.3 Cropping systems
6.4 Crop nutrition and irrigation management
6.5 Pests, diseases, and their management
7. Nutritional and health benefits
8. Plant genetic resource potential
9. Advances in crop improvement
9.1 Yield improvement and varietal development
9.2 Abiotic and biotic stress tolerance
9.3 Quality improvement
9.4 Omics approaches for crop improvement
10. Promotional efforts initiated in India
11. Future research needs
12. Future prospects and conclusion
References
11 - Kodo Millet (Paspalum scorbiculatum L.)
1. Introduction
2. Global Distribution
3. Taxonomy of Kodo Millet
4. Botany and floral biology of Kodo Millet
4.1 Nutritional importance of Kodo Millet
4.2 Production technologies
4.3 Crop improvement strategies
4.4 Agronomic traits
4.5 Abiotic stresses
4.6 Biotic stress
4.7 Breeding methods
5. Advanced tools in crop improvement
5.1 Genome sequence
5.2 Transcriptomics
5.2.1 Kodo case studies
5.2.2 Preliminary accomplishments
5.2.3 Genetic diversity and variability
5.2.4 Kodo Millet varieties
5.2.5 Cutting-edge research in Kodo Millet
5.2.6 Smart climate and resilient future crop
References
12 - Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.): a model for small millets
1. Introduction
2. Botany of foxtail millet
2.1 Taxonomic classification of foxtail millet
2.2 Phylogeny of foxtail millet
2.3 Diversity of foxtail millet
3. Nutritional distribution of foxtail millet
4. Global distribution of foxtail millet
4.1 Origin
4.2 Major producers
5. Crop improvement and production technologies
5.1 Breeding efforts
5.2 Molecular approaches
6. Dissecting climate-resilience traits
6.1 Biotic stress tolerance
6.2 Abiotic stress resistance
7. Case studies and success stories
8. Roadmap for similar studies in small millets
9. Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
13 - Triticale
1. Introduction
1.1 Main production areas, origin, and types of triticale
1.2 Trends in production, area, and yield
1.3 Triticale uses
2. Plant morphology and development
2.1 Plant characteristics
2.2 Crop phenology
2.3 Yield component determination
3. Crop growth and productivity
3.1 Radiation capture and use efficiency
3.2 Crop productivity
3.3 Genetic progress
4. Abiotic stress tolerance
4.1 Water stress
4.2 Salinity stress
4.2.1 Soil acidity
5. Impact of fungal diseases
5.1 Powdery mildew
5.2 Rusts
5.2.1 Leaf rust
5.2.2 Stripe rust
5.2.3 Stem rust
5.3 Septoria nodorum
5.4 Fusarium head blight
5.5 Tan spot
5.6 Loose smut
5.7 Take-all disease
6. Grain quality
7. Concluding remarks
References
III - Food legume crops
14 - Kersting's groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet): an African underutilized grain legume ...
1. Introduction
1.1 Description of the crop
1.1.1 Taxonomy
1.1.2 Botany
1.1.3 Ecology and distribution
1.2 Nutrition and utilization
1.2.1 Proximate content
2. Utilization
2.1 Market
2.2 Seed systems
2.3 Exploitation of genetic and genomic resources
2.3.1 Genetic diversity
2.3.2 Genomic resources
2.3.3 Breeding prospects
3. Production of Kersting's groundnut
3.1 Production history
3.2 Agronomic practices
3.3 Land preparation and sowing
3.4 Weed and pest control
3.5 Harvesting threshing and storage
3.6 Tolerance to stress
3.6.1 Abiotic stresses
3.6.2 Biotic stresses
4. Conclusion
References
15 - Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus L.)—An untapped resilient protein reservoir
1. Introduction
1.1 Botanical description
1.2 Global distribution
1.3 Active constituents
1.4 Nutritional components
1.5 Multiple uses for Lablab bean
1.5.1 Food
1.5.2 Forage/livestock feed
1.5.3 Green manure
1.5.4 Nitrogen fixation
1.5.5 Mixed cropping/intercropping
1.5.6 Therapeutic significance
1.6 Lablab bean challenges and mitigation strategies
1.7 Biotechnology and molecular studies for crop improvement
2. Conclusion
References
16 - Pearl lupin (Lupinus mutabilis): a neglected high protein and oil content crop
1. Introduction
2. Taxonomy and distribution
3. Genetics and breeding
4. Adaptation to climate change
5. Tolerance to pests and diseases
6. Pearl lupin uses
7. Conclusions
References
17 - Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.)
1. Introduction
2. The plant
2.1 General characteristics
2.2 Taxonomy
2.3 Origin and distribution
2.4 Germplasm collection and conservation
2.5 Traditional cropping systems
3. Edible components and their nutritional value
3.1 Green pods and beans
3.2 Mature seed
3.2.1 Proteins
3.2.2 Lipids
3.2.3 Carbohydrates and hard-seededness
3.3 Root tubers
3.4 Leaves, young shoots and flowers
4. Plant growth, development, and its determinants
4.1 Seed viability and germination
4.2 Vegetative growth
4.3 Nodulation
4.4 Floral initiation and pod development
4.5 Initiation and development of root tubers
5. The crop
5.1 Abiotic factors in production
5.1.1 Nitrogen fixation and plant nutrition
5.1.2 Soil moisture
5.1.3 Salinity
5.2 Biotic factors in production
5.2.1 Diseases and their management
5.2.2 Nematode and arthropod pests
5.3 Agronomic strategies and their effects
6. Crop improvement
6.1 Germplasm evaluation
6.2 Adaptation and genotype x environment analysis
6.3 Genetics and plant breeding
7. Prospects
7.1 R&D case studies
7.2 R&D priorities
7.2.1 For mature seed
7.2.1.1 Plant architecture and development of free-standing genotypes
7.2.1.2 Seed coat characteristics and processing time
7.2.1.3 Processing technologies and potential novel uses of the seed
7.2.2 Vegetable pods and peas
7.2.2.1 Early maturity, daylength-neutrality, and optimal plant support systems
7.2.2.2 Culinary characteristics
7.2.2.3 Shelf-life and postharvest technology
7.2.3 Root tubers
7.2.3.1 Potential synergies between gene pools and cultivation practices
7.2.3.2 Culinary characteristics and novel uses
7.2.4 Vegetation
7.2.4.1 Forage
7.2.4.2 Cover crop and green manure potential
7.3 Genomics and Psophocarpus genetic resources
7.4 Genetic diversity analysis and plant breeding strategies based on genomic makers
8. Conclusion
References
18 - African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst ex. A. Rich) Harms)
1. Introduction
2. Origin and distribution of African yam bean
3. The plant—African yam bean
3.1 Cytology and reproductive biology
3.2 Taxonomy
4. Production technology of African yam bean
4.1 Agronomic practices in African yam bean
4.1.1 Planting and plant establishment
4.1.2 Soil fertility by nitrogen fixation and fertilizer application for African yam bean production
4.1.3 Field pests, diseases, and their control in African yam bean
4.2 Breeding prospect for better acceptability, cultivation and production of African yam bean
4.3 Postharvest techniques
5. Climate smart features of African yam bean
5.1 Adaptability of African yam bean
6. Importance of and utilization the primary products of African yam bean
6.1 The tuber
6.2 The seed
6.2.1 Processing to improve utilization of the seed
6.3 Medicinal qualities of African yam bean
6.4 Potent industrial biochemical for the control of economic pests of legumes
7. Unveiled intraspecific diversity and nutritional potential in African yam bean: the success stories
8. Conclusion and way forward
References
19 - Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal)
1. Introduction
2. Botanical description
3. Global distribution
4. Climate and soil
5. Area, production, and productivity in India
6. Adoption constraints
6.1 Production constraints
6.1.1 High-yielding varieties
6.1.2 Seeding rate, plant spacing, and seed treatment
6.1.3 Sowing time and method
6.1.4 Manure and fertilizer application
6.1.5 Intercultural operations, weeding, and plant protection measures
6.2 Technology dissemination
6.3 Economic constraints
6.4 Marketing constraints
6.5 Policy constraints
7. Genetic variability and improved varieties
8. Physicochemical and functional properties
9. Production technology
9.1 Climatic conditions
9.2 Soil
9.3 Soil preparation
9.4 Seeding rate and sowing methods
9.5 Sowing time
9.6 Seed treatment
9.7 Fertilizer management
9.8 Irrigation
9.9 Weed management
9.10 Harvest and storage
10. Agro-morphological performance and climatic variability
11. Disease, pest, and weed management
11.1 Disease management
12. Insect pests and their management
13. Nutritional significance
14. Processing and use of moth bean
15. Research trends
16. Success stories
17. Conclusion
References
Further reading
20. Adzuki bean [Vigna angularis (willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi]
1. Introduction
2. Botanical and morphology description
3. Nutritional significance
3.1 Nutritional composition
3.1.1 Carbohydrate
3.1.2 Protein
3.1.3 Fat
3.1.4 Minerals
3.1.5 Antioxidants
3.1.6 Phenols
3.1.7 Saponins
4. Health benefits
5. Global distribution
5.1 Origin and distribution
6. Production technology
6.1 Climate and adaption
6.2 Sowing
6.3 Fertilizer requirement
6.4 Intercultural practices
6.5 Maturity
7. Tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
8. Case studies of success stories
9. Adaptation to local environments especially to climate change
10. Crop biodiversity: adaptation, preservation, and utilization
References
21 - Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)
1. Introduction
1.1 Chapter nomenclature
2. The plant
2.1 Taxonomy
2.2 Origins and distribution
2.3 Growth and development
2.3.1 Vegetative growth
2.3.2 Root system architecture
2.3.3 Nodulation
2.3.4 Flower initiation, pod, and seed development
2.3.4.1 Mature seed (physical characteristics)
2.3.4.2 Mature seed (anatomical characteristics)
3. Nutritional density
4. Climate resilience
4.1 Resistance to abiotic stresses
4.1.1 Drought resistance
4.1.2 Heat resistance
4.2 Resistance to biotic stresses
4.2.1 Pest and diseases resistance
5. Economic viability
5.1 Perception and knowledge of farmers, marketers, processors, and consumers
5.2 Policy and financing support
6. Local availability and adaptability
6.1 Germplasm collection and conservation
6.2 Genetic diversity, genetics, and plant breeding
7. Prospects: toward a different vision for African agriculture
7.1 Data definition, accessibility, and interoperability are critical for NUS
7.1.1 Developing approaches to improve the availability of nutritional data
7.1.2 Selection indices
7.2 Research and agricultural policy around the value chain
7.2.1 Production
7.2.2 Processing
7.2.3 Marketing
7.2.4 Organization, management, and finance
7.3 Flowering and photoperiod sensitivity
7.4 Seed composition
7.5 Hard-to-cook phenomena
7.5.1 Processing technologies and food uses
7.5.2 Traditional food uses
7.5.2.1 West Africa
7.5.2.2 North Africa
7.5.2.3 Central Africa
7.5.2.4 Southern Africa
7.5.2.5 Southern East Asia
7.5.3 Potential food uses
7.6 Molecular breeding and other novel techniques
7.6.1 Advances in genomics-aided breeding
7.6.2 Proteomics and metabolomics
7.6.3 Speed breeding
8. Conclusion
References
22 - Progress and opportunities on Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.): genetic improvement and produ ...
1. Introduction
2. Production status, germplasm collection, and evaluation
2.1 Production status
2.1.1 Biotic stresses
2.1.2 Abiotic stresses
2.1.3 Socioeconomic constraints
2.2 Germplasm collection and evaluation
3. Seed nutritional composition and utilization
4. Response of Bambara groundnut to optimized agronomic management
5. Prebreeding of Bambara groundnut
5.1 Phenotyping Bambara groundnut landraces
5.2 Genetic diversity analysis and marker-assisted selection
5.3 Population development
6. Participatory rural appraisal
7. Research needs in Bambara groundnut
References
23 - Rice bean (Vigna umbellata): a promising legume with unexplored potential
1. Introduction
2. Underutilized crops as future smart foods for zero hunger
3. Ricebean—a promising but unexplored legume
3.1 Origin and distribution of ricebean
4. Ricebean production technology
4.1 Soil and climatic requirements
4.2 Ricebean cultivation
4.2.1 Field preparation
4.2.2 Seed rate and seed sowing method
4.2.3 Cropping patterns and Intercultural operations
4.2.4 Nutrient management in ricebean
4.2.5 Crop maturity and harvesting
4.2.6 Harvesting method and storage
4.2.7 Diseases and pest management
5. Nutritional potential of ricebean
5.1 Protein content
5.2 Amino acid composition
5.3 Fiber content
5.4 Carbohydrate content
5.5 Lipid and fatty acid profile
5.6 Mineral and vitamin content
6. Nutraceutical properties of ricebean
6.1 Nutritive bioactive compounds
6.1.1 Bioactive peptides
6.1.2 Carbohydrates
6.1.3 Dietary fiber
6.2 NonNutritive bioactive compounds
6.2.1 Phenolics
6.2.2 Saponins
6.2.3 α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase inhibitors
7. Nutraceutical uses of ricebean in traditional medicinal system
8. Processing techniques for managing antinutritional factors in ricebean
9. Ricebean in global cuisine and value addition
10. Ricebean as a source of candidate genes for insect-pest resistance
11. Prospects of ricebean in food and nutritional security
12. Conclusion
References
IV - Oil seeds
24 - Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
1. Introduction
2. Safflower uses
2.1 Food uses
2.1.1 Oil
2.1.2 Leaves
2.1.3 Flowers
2.2 Livestock feed
2.2.1 Forage
2.2.2 Silage
2.2.3 Seed and meal
2.3 Textile industry
2.4 Cut flower industry
2.5 Other uses of safflower
3. Global distribution
4. Tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses
5. Environmental adaptation
5.1 Altitude
5.2 Temperature
5.3 Photoperiod
5.4 Soils
5.5 Rainfall
5.6 Relative humidity
5.7 Pollination
6. Safflower production
6.1 Seedbed preparation
6.2 Planting
6.3 Fertilizer requirements
6.4 Weed control
6.5 Irrigation
6.6 Harvest
6.7 Storage
7. Economics of safflower production
8. Conclusion
References
Further reading
25 - Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
1. Introduction
2. Botany and origin
3. Nutritional significance
4. Production technology
4.1 Climate and soil
4.2 Sowing methods
4.3 Crop husbandry practices
4.4 Pest management
4.5 Weed management
4.6 Sesame-based cropping systems
4.7 Harvesting
5. Adaptation to climate change
5.1 Drought stress
5.2 Heat stress
5.3 Salinity stress
5.4 Adaptation strategies
5.4.1 Agronomic strategies
5.4.2 Breeding and genetics strategies
6. Case studies
7. Conclusion
References
26 - Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis): an oil-producing cash crop
1. Introduction
2. Origin and distribution
3. Abiotic and biotic stress tolerance
3.1 Climate change
3.2 Insects and pests
4. Botanical description
4.1 Plant morphology
4.2 Male and female sex ratio
5. Nutritional significance
6. Jojoba oil and derivatives
6.1 Oil chemistry
6.2 Oil derivatives
6.2.1 Jojoba butter
6.2.2 Jojoba alcohol
6.2.3 Jojoba esters
6.2.4 Jojoba proteins
6.2.5 Jojoba wax
6.3 Oil extraction
6.4 Oil esterification
7. Commercial importance of jojoba plant
7.1 Cosmetics
7.2 Medical
7.3 Animal fodder and food supplement
7.4 Lubricants and adhesives
7.5 Water purification
7.6 Clean energy
8. Advances in jojoba oil research
9. Genetic improvement
10. Success stories of jojoba
10.1 Discovery of jojoba
10.2 Introduction of jojoba in Israel
10.3 Introduction of jojoba in the cosmetics industry
11. Struggles and future aspects
12. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
27 - Camelina sativa (Cranz.) from minor crop to potential breakthrough
1. Introduction
2. Origin and global distribution
3. Botany and biology
3.1 Classification
3.2 Biology
3.3 Genetics: varieties and improvements
4. Agronomy: agronomic techniques and production technology
4.1 Agronomic traits
4.2 Agronomical practices
4.2.1 Soil tillage, seedbed preparation, and sowing
4.2.2 Soil fertility
4.2.3 Weed, pests, and diseases control
4.2.4 Harvest and conservation/storage
5. Uses: nutritional significance and applications in green chemistry
5.1 Extraction and quality of camelina oil
5.2 Camelina oil and co-products exploitation
6. Case studies
Fundings
Acknowledgement
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
Back Cover