This book examines the efforts of Spaniards and Portuguese to attract Native peoples and other settlers to the villages, missions, and fortifications they installed in a disputed area between present-day Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. The first part examines how autonomous Native peoples and those who lived in the Jesuit missions responded to the Indigenous policies the Iberian crowns initiated following the 1768 expulsion of the Society of Jesus. The second part examines military recruitment and supply circuits, showing how the political centers’ strategy of transferring part of the costs and delegating responsibilities to local sectors shaped interactions between officers, soldiers, Natives, and other inhabitants. Moving beyond national approaches, the book shows how both Iberian empires influenced each other and the lives of the diverse peoples who inhabited the border regions.
Author(s): Francismar Alex Lopes de Carvalho
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 325
City: Cham
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Prelude: Negotiating Loyalties in Missions, Towns, and Fortifications
Chapter 3: The Policy of “Pacification” and the Continuation of War
3.1 “Tame” and “savage”
3.2 A Convenient War
3.3 The “freedom” of the Directorate and the Permanence of Bandeiras in Portuguese Domains
3.4 The Ambiguities of the Policy of “pacification” in Spanish Domains
3.5 Authorization and Subsidy from the Mato Grosso Government to the Bandeiras
3.6 Punitive Expeditions in Spanish Dominions
Chapter 4: Formal and Informal Alliances
4.1 Formal Treaties and Its Limitations
4.2 Native Diplomacy
4.3 Beyond Colonial Classifications: Engaging Tolderías
4.4 Military Cooperation
Chapter 5: Mission Secularization and Insurgency
5.1 Mission Secularization
5.2 Institutional Channels of Protest
5.3 Revolts
5.4 “Spanish” Natives in Portuguese Settlements
Chapter 6: Labor Circuits and the Intersected Lives of Blacks and Natives
6.1 The Directorate Settlements
6.2 Enslaved and Free Blacks: Crossing the Border
6.3 Autonomous Native Groups and Forms of Casual Labor
Chapter 7: Ethnic Soldiering and the Force of Privilege
7.1 Ethnic Soldiering
7.2 Military Privileges
7.3 Services and Rewards
7.4 Compulsory Donations
Chapter 8: Discipline and Insubmission
8.1 Labor Conditions
8.2 Supply Issues
8.3 Military Service and Abandonment of Production
8.4 Insubordinates, Deserters, and Informants
Chapter 9: Supply and Smuggling
9.1 Military Expenses and the Provincial Revenue and Expenditures
9.2 Supply and Smuggling
9.3 The Pombaline Plan
9.4 Dubious Loyalties
9.5 The Interdiction of Smuggling
9.6 The Impact on Indigenous People
Chapter 10: Conclusion
Bibliography
Printed Sources
Secondary Sources
Index
