Nations: the long history and deep roots of political ethnicity and nationalism.

Contents
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction: is nationalism recent and superficial?
Ethnicity has always been political
How deep did premodern ethnonational identity reach?
The underlying dispute
Concepts and definitions
Ethnos and ethnicity
Peoples
Nation and national state
Nationalism and patriotism
2 The evolution of kin-culture communities
Kinship and culture in the past 150,000 years
Evolutionary inheritance and historical transformation
3 From tribes to statehood
Tribal growth and ethnic expansion
From tribes to states
State formation, tribal erosion, and ethnicity
4 Premodern ethne, peoples, states, and nations around the world
A Ethnos and city-state
The cradle of civilization
Phoenicians, Greeks, and Rome
Premodern America, Africa, Asia, and Europe
B The premodern national state
Ancient Egypt: the first state - and first national state
Nascent national states in the ancient Near East
China: the largest and most enduring ancient people and state
In the giant´s shadow: national states around China
C Were empires ethnically blind?
From Assyria to Persia
The Hellenistic and Roman empires
The Arab, Ottoman, and Mughal empires
Conclusion
5 Premodern Europe and the national state
Geopolitics: statehood in the Classical Mediterranean and in emergent Europe
A The mushrooming of national states in emergent Europe
The British Isles: a history of four nations
Scandinavian identity and national identities
The medieval German national empire
The Czech lands
The Polish national state and empire
The Russian nation and the Russian Empire
Conclusion
B Southern versus northern Europe
Medieval national states and the clutches of empires in southeast Europe
States, geography, and national consolidation in Romance southwest Europe
The French paradigmatic case
C Was the premodern European nation impossible due to religion, empire, dynastic rule, inequality, and dialect fragmentation?
Religion and the nation
Empire
The dynastic national kingdom
Sociopolitical inequality
How deep was dialect fragmentation?
Conclusion
6 Modernity: nationalism released, transformed, and enhanced
A The will of the people and the nation: what enabled what?
B Civic nations or ethnic nations? Europe, the English-speaking immigrant countries, Latin America, Africa, and Asia
The European national templates
The European Union
The English-speaking immigrant states: purely civic nations?
Ethnicity and nation-building in Latin America
Ethnicity and nation-building in sub-Saharan Africa
Ethnicity and nation-building in the southeast Asian archipelago
Ethnicity and nation-building in India and Pakistan
Conclusion: civic versus ethnic nations?
C National conflict and solidarity in a globalizing world
The audit of war: willingly killing and dying for one´s nation
The nation and the welfare state: for whom are people willing to pay?
Conclusion: are the nation and nationalism here to stay?
7: State, national identity, ethnicity: normative and constitutional aspects
National identity and state
Civic and ethnic nationalism
``The nation together with national minorities and ethnic groups´´
Civic nationalism: the French model
Civic nationalism: models and dilemmas
Immigrant communities
``Imperial nations´´ and composite identities
National self-determination and territorial integrity
Postcolonial countries: ethnocultural diversity and ``the unity of the nation´´
Binational and multinational states
Conclusion
CONCLUSION
Notes
1 Introduction: is nationalism recent and superficial?
2 The evolution of kin-culture communities
3 From tribes to statehood
4 Premodern ethne, peoples, states, and nations around the world
5 Premodern Europe and the national state
6 Modernity: nationalism released, transformed, and enhanced
7 State, national identity, ethnicity: normative and constitutional aspects
Index