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Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete

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Nanomaterials can markedly improve the mechanical properties of concrete, as well as reduce the porosity and enhance the durability of concrete. The application of nanotechnology in concrete is still in its infancy. However, an ever-growing demand for ultra-high-performance concrete and recurring environmental pollution caused by ordinary Portland cement has encouraged engineers to exploit nanotechnology in the construction industry. Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete discusses the advantages and applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including high-strength performance, microstructural improvement, self-healing, energy storage, and coatings.

The book

    • Analyses the linkage of concrete materials with nanomaterials and nanostructures

    • Discusses the applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including energy storage in green buildings, anti-corrosive coatings, and inhibiting pathogens and viruses

    • Covers self-healing concrete

    • Explores safety considerations, sustainability, and environmental impact of nanoconcrete

    • Includes an appendix of solved questions

    This comprehensive and innovative text serves as a useful reference for upper-level undergraduate students, graduate students, and professionals in the fields of Civil and Construction Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Nanomaterials.

    Dr. Ghasan Fahim Huseien is a research fellow at the Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore. He received his PhD degree from the University of Technology Malaysia in 2017. Dr. Huseien has over 5 years of Applied R&D and 10 years of experience in manufacturing smart materials for sustainable building and smart cities. He has expertise in Advanced Sustainable Construction Materials covering Civil Engineering, Environmental Sciences and Engineering. He has authored and co-authored 50+ publications and technical reports, 3 books, and 15 book chapters, and participated in 25 national and international conferences/workshops. He is a peer reviewer for several international journals as well as Master’s and PhD students. He is a member of the Concrete Society of Malaysia and the American Concrete Institute.

    Dr. Nur Hafizah Abd Khalid is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia (UTM), and is a research member of the Construction Material Research Group (CMRG). She is currently a Council Member of the Concrete Society Malaysia (CSM). She earned her Master’s degree on structure and materials in 2011 from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. She received a Young Women Scientist Award (representing Malaysia) in 2014 in South Korea by KWSE/APNN. She is currently appointed as an Inviting Researcher at Hunan University, China, funded under the Talented Young Scientist Program (TYSP). Her research interests focus on concrete structural systems, advanced concrete technology (green concrete technology and fibre reinforced concrete), civil engineering materials, polymer composites, and bio-composites.

    Professor Dr. Jahangir Mirza has over 35 years of Applied Research and Development (R&D) as well as teaching experience. He has expertise in Advanced Sustainable Construction Materials covering Civil Engineering, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Geology, and Architecture departments. He has been a Senior Scientist at the Research Institute of Hydro-Quebec (IREQ), Montreal, Canada since 1985. He has been a Visiting Research Professor for the Environmental Engineering program at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada since 2018.

    Author(s): Ghasan Fahim Huseien, Nur Hafizah A. Khalid, Jahangir Mirza
    Series: Emerging Materials and Technologies
    Publisher: CRC Press
    Year: 2022

    Language: English
    Pages: 226
    City: Boca Raton

    Cover
    Half Title
    Series Page
    Title Page
    Copyright Page
    Table of Contents
    Preface
    Authors
    Chapter 1 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials: An Introduction
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Definition of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    1.3 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    1.4 Nanoparticles Preparation Methods
    1.5 Applications of Nanomaterials in Construction
    References
    Chapter 2 Applications of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology in the Construction Industry
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Significance of Nanotechnology in Construction Engineering
    2.3 Nanotechnologies for Concrete
    2.4 Nanotechnology in the Cement Industry
    2.5 Asphalt
    2.6 Brick
    2.7 Steel
    References
    Chapter 3 Nanomaterial-Based Cement Concrete: Engineering Properties and Durability Performance
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Nanomaterial-Modified Cement Binder
    3.3 Fresh Properties
    3.4 Strength Performance
    3.5 Microstructure Properties
    3.6 Durability Properties
    3.7 Summary
    References
    Chapter 4 Sustainability of Nanomaterial-Based Self-Healing Concrete
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Sustainability of Smart Concrete
    4.3 Lifecycle Analysis of Self-Healing Concrete
    4.4 Production of Nanomaterials
    4.5 Production of Nanoconcrete
    4.6 Significance of Nanomaterials as Self-Healer
    4.7 Nano- Silica-Based Self-Healing Concrete
    4.8 Nanoalumina-Based Self-Healing Concrete
    4.9 Carbon Nanotube-Based Self-Healing Concrete
    4.10 Titanium Oxide-Based Self-Healing Concrete
    4.11 Nanokaolin and Nanoclay-Based Self-Healing Concrete
    4.12 Nanoiron-Based Self-Healing Concrete
    4.13 Economy of Nanomaterial-Based Self-Healing Concretes
    4.14 Safety Features of Nanomaterial-Based Concretes
    4.15 Summary
    References
    Chapter 5 Engineering Properties of High-Performance Alkali-Activated Mortars
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Workability Performance
    5.2.1 Flowability
    5.2.2 Viscosity
    5.2.3 Setting Time
    5.2.4 Bulk Density
    5.3 Mechanical Properties
    5.3.1 Compressive Strength
    5.3.2 Splitting Tensile Strength
    5.3.3 Flexural Strength
    5.3.4 Modulus of Elasticity
    5.3.5 Relationship between CS, STS, and FS
    5.3.6 Statistical Data Analysis
    5.4 Microstructure Properties
    5.4.1 XRD Patterns of AAMs
    5.4.2 FESEM Analyses
    5.4.3 EDX Analyses
    5.4.4 FTIR Spectra
    5.4.5 TGA and DTG Curves
    5.5 Summary
    References
    Chapter 6 Effect of Nanomaterials on Durability Properties of Free Cement Mortars
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Water Absorption
    6.3 Drying Shrinkage
    6.4 Carbonation Depth
    6.5 Abrasion Resistance
    6.6 Resistance to Freeze-Thawing Cycles
    6.7 Acid Attack Resistance
    6.8 Resistance to Elevated Temperatures
    6.9 Summary
    References
    Chapter 7 Nanoparticle-Based Phase Change Materials for Sustained Thermal Energy Storage in Concrete
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 Overview of Energy Storage
    7.2.1 Energy Storage Methods
    7.2.2 Latent Heat Storage ( LHS)
    7.2.3 Methods for Latent Heat of Fusion (LHF) and Melting Temperature Measurement
    7.2.4 TES System
    7.3 Phase Change Materials
    7.3.1 Phase Change Materials Classification
    7.3.2 Organic Materials
    7.3.3 Inorganic Materials
    7.3.4 Eutectics Materials
    7.3.5 Hygroscopic Materials
    7.3.6 Solid to Solid Phase Transforming Materials
    7.4 Criteria of PCMs to Be Used for TES
    7.5 Criteria of TES Based on PCMs for Building Applications
    7.6 Benefits of TES Based on PCMs for Buildings
    7.7 Technology, Development, and Encapsulation
    7.8 Nanomaterial-Based PCMs
    7.8.1 Preparation Methods
    7.8.2 Interfacial Polymerization
    7.8.3 Emulsion Polymerization Method ( EP)
    7.8.4 Miniemulsion Polymerization ( MEP) Method
    7.8.5 In Situ Polymerization ( ISP) Method
    7.8.6 Sol–Gel Method
    7.9 PCM Incorporation Procedures in Concrete
    7.9.1 Immersion Technique
    7.9.2 Impregnation Technique
    7.9.3 Direct Mixing Technique
    7.10 Effects of CPM on Concrete Properties
    7.10.1 Fresh Properties
    7.10.2 Mechanical Characteristics
    7.10.3 Durability Properties
    7.11 Stability of PCM in Concrete
    7.12 Effects of Nanomaterials on Enhancement TES of PCM
    7.13 Applications of NE-PCMs in Concrete
    7.14 Concrete Thermal Energy Storage with NE-PCMs
    7.15 Environmental Effects
    7.16 Energy and Sustainability
    7.17 Suggestions for Future Works
    7.18 Summary
    References
    Chapter 8 Concrete Coatings: Applications of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
    8.1 Introduction
    8.2 Concrete Durability
    8.3 Coating Technology in Concrete
    8.4 Nanotechnology and Nanoparticles
    8.5 Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials
    8.6 Definition of Nanotechnology in Concrete
    8.7 Nanomaterial-Based Concretes
    8.8 Production of Nanoconcrete
    8.9 Nanomaterial-Based Concrete Surface Coating
    8.9.1 Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings
    8.9.2 Silane–Clay Nanocomposite Coatings
    8.9.3 SiO[sub(2)] and/or TiO[sub(2)] Nanoparticle Coating Concrete
    8.10 Summary
    References
    Chapter 9 Nanomaterial-Based Concrete Antivirus Surface
    9.1 Introduction
    9.2 Nanomaterial-Based Antimicrobial Coatings
    9.3 Types of Nanomaterials for Antimicrobial Coatings
    9.3.1 Copper (Cu)
    9.3.2 Silver (Ag)
    9.3.3 Silica (SiO[sub(2)] )
    9.3.4 Titanium (TiO[sub(2)])
    9.3.5 Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
    9.4 Summary
    References
    Chapter 10 Nanomaterials: Environmental Health and Safety Considerations
    10.1 Introduction
    10.2 Safety Considerations
    10.3 Potential Risks and Concerns
    10.4 Risk of Nanomaterials
    10.5 Toxicity of Nanomaterials
    10.6 Using Nanomaterials Safely
    10.7 Mitigation of Public and Environmental Health Impacts
    10.8 Risk Communication and Technological Impact Assessment
    10.9 Environmental Implications
    10.10 Summary
    References
    Chapter 11 Sustainability and Environmental Benefits of Concrete with Nanomaterials
    11.1 Introduction
    11.2 Life Cycle Assessment
    11.3 Sustainability of Nanomaterial-Based Concrete
    11.4 Merits and Demerits of Nanomaterials for Concrete
    11.5 Economy of Nanomaterial-Based Concretes
    11.6 Environmental Suitability of Nanomaterial-Based Concretes
    References
    Appendix: Questions and Answers
    Index