The World Health Organization in 2004 estimated approximately 1.1 billion people did not have access to clean water and that 35% of Third World residents died from water-borne illnesses. While the situation is grim, recent advances strongly indicate that many of the current water quality problems can be addresses - and potentially resolved - using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is already having a dramatic impact on research in water quality and Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water highlights both the challenges and the opportunities for nanotechnology to positively influence this area of environmental protection. Here you will find detailed information on breakthroughs, cutting edge technologies, current research, and future trends that may affect acceptance of widespread applications. The first four parts of the book cover specific topics including using nanotechnology for clean drinking water in both large scale water treatment plants and in point-of-use systems. For instance, recent advances show that many of the current problems involving water quality can be addressed using nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes, and nanoparticle enhanced filtration. The book also discusses existing technologies and future potential for groundwater remediation, pollution prevention, and sensors. The final part discusses the inherent societal implications that may affect acceptance of widespread applications. Over 80 leading experts from around the world share their wealth of knowledge in this truly unique reference. Institutions such as Center for the Purification of Water and Systems (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); UCLA Water Technology Center; Carnegie Mellon University, University of Kentucky; The University of Western Ontario; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan), Munasinghe Institute for Development (Sri Lanka) and the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars are just a few of the knowledge centers represented in this book. Water quality is a serious, global issue in which government bodies and scientific communities face many challenges in ensuring clean water is available to everyone. Nanotechnology is already showing dramatic results, and this book is an attempt to share current technologies and future possibilities in reaching this goal. From the Foreword: "Researchers and practitioners may find in this volume, key challenges regarding clean water resources. The presentations may crystallize new research and education programs." - Mihail Roco, U.S. National Science Foundation and U.S. Nanotechnology Initiative . Contributors from the US, India, Canada, Japan, UK, Sri Lanka, and South Africa . Provides detailed information on breakthroughs, cutting edge technologies, current research, and future trends that may affect acceptance of widespread applications . Covers specific topics including using nanotechnology for clean drinking water in both large scale water treatment plants and in point-of-use systems. . Discusses existing technologies and future potential for groundwater remediation, pollution prevention, and sensors . Highlights both the challenges and the opportunities for nanotechnology to positively influence this area of environmental protection.
Author(s): Mamadou Diallo, Jeremiah Duncan, Nora Savage, Anita Street, Richard Sustich
Series: Micro and Nano Technologies
Edition: 1
Publisher: William Andrew
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 634
TITLE PAGE......Page 4
DEDICATION......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Introduction: Water Purification in the Twenty-First Century—Challenges and Opportunities......Page 32
PART 1 DRINKING WATER......Page 42
1 Nanometallic Particles for Oligodynamic Microbial Disinfection......Page 44
2 Nanostructured Visible-Light
Photocatalysts for Water Purification......Page 58
3 Nanostructured Titanium Oxide
Film- and Membrane-Based
Photocatalysis for Water Treatment......Page 80
4 Nanotechnology-Based Membranes
for Water Purification......Page 88
5 Multifunctional Nanomaterial-Enabled
Membranes for Water Treatment......Page 100
6 Nanofluidic Carbon Nanotube
Membranes: Applications for Water
Purification and Desalination......Page 118
7 Design of Advanced Membranes
and Substrates for Water
Purification and Desalination......Page 136
8 Customization and Multistage
Nanofiltration Applications for Potable
Water, Treatment, and Reuse......Page 148
9 Commercialization of Nanotechnology
for Removal of Heavy Metals
in Drinking Water......Page 156
10 U.S.–Israel Workshop on
Nanotechnology for Water Purifi cation......Page 172
PART 2
TREATMENT AND REUSE......Page 182
11 Water Treatment by
Dendrimer-Enhanced Filtration:
Principles and Applications......Page 184
12 Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Disinfection and Microbial Control: Merits and Limitations......Page 198
13 Possible Applications of Fullerene Nanomaterials in Water Treatment and Reuse......Page 208
14 Nanomaterials-Enhanced Electrically Switched Ion Exchange Process for Water Treatment......Page 220
15 Detection and Extraction of Pesticides from Drinking Water Using Nanotechnologies......Page 232
PART 3
REMEDIATION......Page 254
16 Nanotechnology for Contaminated Subsurface Remediation: Possibilities and Challenges......Page 256
17 Nanostructured Materials for Improving Water Quality: Potentials and Risks......Page 274
18 Physicochemistry of Polyelectrolyte Coatings that Increase Stability, Mobility, and Contaminant Specificity of Reactive Nanoparticles Used for Groundwater Remediation......Page 290
19 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reductionfor Water Purification: Nanoscale Effects on Catalytic Activity, Selectivity, and Sustainability......Page 310
20 Stabilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Enhanced In Situ Destruction of Chlorinated Solvents in Soils and Groundwater......Page 322
21 Enhanced Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Membrane-Supported Iron and Bimetallic Nanoparticles......Page 334
22 Synthesis of Nanostructured Bimetallic Particles in Polyligand-Functionalized Membranes for Remediation Applications......Page 352
23 Magnesium-Based Corrosion Nano-Cells for Reductive Transformation of Contaminants......Page 378
24 Water Decontamination Using Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles......Page 388
25 Reducing Leachability and Bioaccessibility of Toxic Metals in Soils, Sediments, and Solid/Hazardous Wastes Using Stabilized Nanoparticles......Page 406
PART 4
SENSORS......Page 416
26 Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Explosives......Page 418
27 Advanced Nanosensors for Environmental Monitoring......Page 432
28 A Colorimetric Approach to the Detection of Trace Heavy Metal Ions Using Nanostructured Signaling Materials......Page 458
29 Functional Nucleic Acid-Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials and Their Applications as Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensors for Trace Contaminants in Water......Page 468
PART 5
SOCIETAL ISSUES......Page 488
Introduction to Societal Issues: TheResponsible Developmentof Nanotechnology for Water......Page 490
30 Nanotechnology in Water: Societal, Ethical, and Environmental Considerations......Page 494
31 Competition for Water......Page 504
32 A Framework for Using Nanotechnology To Improve Water Quality......Page 532
33 International Governance Perspectives on Nanotechnology Water Innovation......Page 550
34 Nanoscience and Water: Public Engagement At and Below the Surface......Page 562
35 How Can Nanotechnologies Fulfill the Needs of Developing Countries?......Page 576
36 Challenges to Implementing Nanotechnology Solutions to Water Issues in Africa......Page 592
37 Life Cycle Inventory of Semiconductor Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots for Environmental Applications......Page 602
PART 6
OUTLOOK......Page 624
38 Nanotechnology Solutions for Improving Water Quality......Page 626
Index......Page 630
Related titles......Page 634
