Nanotechnologies represent a fast-growing market and this unique volume highlights the current studies in applied sciences on sustainability of green science and technology. The chapters include modelling, machine learning, nanotechnology, nanofluids, nanosystems, smart materials and applications and solar and fuel cells technology. The authors cover simulation, additive manufacturing, machine learning and the autonomous system. Various aspects of green science as well as trans-disciplinary topics between fundamental science and engineering are presented.The book is suitable for all postgraduates and researchers working in this rapid growing research area.
Features
- Presenting latest research on green materials and sustainability.
- Provide in depth discussion on modeling and simulation using latest techniques.
- Technical exposure for the readers on additive manufacturing principles.
- Numerous examples on nanofluids and nano technology are presented.
- Discusses computer modeling, superconductivity, nanotubes and related structures such as graphene.
Author(s): Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim
Series: Sustainability: Contributions through Science and Technology
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 278
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editor Biography
Contributors
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Summaries
Acknowledgment
Reference
2 Phase Identification, Morphology, and Compressibility of Scallop Shell Powder (Amusium Pleuronectes) for Bone Implant ...
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Previous Studies
2.1.2 Scallops
2.1.3 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
2.1.4 Ball Milling
2.1.5 Sintering
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.3.1 Phase Characterization
2.3.2 Morphological Characterization
2.3.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis
2.3.4 Identification of the Compressibility of Scallop Shell Powder Samples
2.3.5 Relationship Between Compressibility, Grain Size, and Porosity
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Simulation for Oil Pan Production Against Its Porosity, Shrinkage, and Niyama Criterion
3.1 Introduction
3.2 High-Pressure Die Casting
3.2.1 Hot Chamber Process
3.2.2 Cold Chamber Process
3.3 High Pressure Die Casting Parameters
3.4 Casting Simulation
3.5 Niyama Criterion
3.6 Material and Methods
3.7 Results and Discussion
3.7.1 Porosity
3.7.2 Shrinkage
3.7.3 Identification of Niyama Criterion
3.7.4 Analysis of Variance
3.8 Conclusion
References
4 Analysis of the Thermophysical Properties of SAE 5W-30 Lubricants With the Addition of Al2O3, TiO2, and Hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 …
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Previous Research
4.1.2 Nanolubricant
4.1.3 Lubricant SAE 5W-30
4.1.4 Thermophysical Properties
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.1 Phase Characterization
4.3.2 Morphological Characterization
4.3.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis
4.3.4 Thermophysical Properties
4.3.5 Performance Test
4.3.6 The Relationship of Nanolubricant Thermophysical Properties With Vehicle Performance
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Heat Transfer Rate and Pressure Drop Characteristics On Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger With Graphene Oxide Nanofluid
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanofluid
5.3 Graphene Oxide
5.4 Heat Exchanger
5.5 Base Fluids
5.6 Thermophysical Properties
5.6.1 Heat Transfer Characteristics
5.7 Results and Discussions
5.7.1 Nanoflakes Characterization
5.7.2 Thermophysical Properties
5.7.3 Heat Transfer Characterization
5.7.3.1 Reynold Number and Nusselt Number
5.7.3.2 Convection Coefficient and Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
5.7.3.3 .TLMTD and Heat Transfer
5.7.3.4 Friction Factor and Pressure Drop
5.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
6 Microstructure Change of Aluminum 6061 Through Natural and Artificial Aging
6.1 Introduction: Background
6.2 Aluminum
6.2.1 Pure Aluminum
6.2.2 Aluminum Alloy
6.2.2.1 Al-Cu Alloy
6.2.2.2 Al-Mn Alloy
6.2.2.3 Al-Si Alloy
6.2.2.4 Al-Mg Alloy
6.2.2.5 Al-Mg-Si Alloy
6.3 Precipitation Hardening
6.3.1 Natural Aging
6.3.2 Artificial Aging
6.4 Microstructure Change
6.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
7 Characterization of Self-Healing Concrete Incorporating Plastic Waste as Partial Material Substitution
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Processing of Plastic Into Concrete Material
7.3 Feasibility of Plastic Waste On Concrete
7.4 Bio-Based Self-Healing Concrete Appearance
7.4.1 Self-Healing Concrete in Advance
7.4.2 Evaluating Techniques Used to Verify Healing Process
7.4.3 Microorganisms On Self-Healing Concrete
7.4.4 Criteria for Bacteria in Self-Healing Concrete
7.4.4.1 Bacteria Involving Nitrogen Cycles Through Urea Degradation (Ureolytic Strain)
7.4.4.2 Bacteria Involving the Nitrogen Cycle By Assimilating From Nitrates
7.4.4.3 Bacteria Involving Carbon Cycle Through Oxidation of Organic Carbon
7.5 The Potential Appearance of Incorporating Plastic Waste On Self-Healing Concrete
7.6 Future Scope of Self-Healing Concrete Incorporating Plastic Waste
7.6.1 Future Environmental Development
7.6.2 Future Construction Development
7.7 Conclusion
References
8 Graded Concrete: Towards Eco-Friendly Construction By Material Optimisation
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Environmental Issue From Construction Sector
8.1.2 Concrete as Preferable Material
8.1.3 Effort On Material Optimisation
8.2 Concrete as Structural Materials
8.2.1 Understanding Concrete Behaviour
8.2.2 Basic Mechanism in Reinforced Concrete Beam
8.2.3 Discovering Research Gaps for Optimisation
8.3 Characteristics of Graded Concrete
8.3.1 History of Graded Concrete
8.3.2 Compression Strength of Graded Concrete
8.3.3 Modulus of Elasticity of Graded Concrete
8.4 Flexural Behaviour of Graded Concrete Beams
8.4.1 Structural Performance and Serviceability Requirement
8.4.2 Development of Graded Concrete as Reinforced Concrete Beams
8.5 Prospect of Graded Concrete On Multi-Storey Building
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Performance of Surgical Blades From Biocompatible Bulk Metallic Glasses and Metallic Glass Thin Films for Sustainable …
9.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
9.2 Potential MG Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications
9.2.1 Fe-Based MG
9.2.2 Ti-Based MG
9.2.3 Zr-Based MG
9.3 Biocompatibility of MGs
9.4 Blade Fabrication Techniques
9.4.1 Machining the Bulk Shape of MGs
9.4.2 Surgical Blade Fabrication From BMGs
9.4.3 Hybrid Process for Surgical Blade Manufacturing From BMGs
9.4.4 Magnetron Sputtering for MGTFs Deposition
9.5 Performance of BMG and MGTF-Coated Blades
9.5.1 Blade Sharpness Index
9.5.2 Scratch Test for MGTF Adhesion Analysis
9.5.3 Blade Durability
9.6 Conclusion and Future Challenges
References
10 Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Ferrite as Nanofluid Heat Exchanger Deploying Co-Precipitation Method
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Previous Research
10.1.2 Heat Transfer
10.1.3 Co-Precipitation Methods
10.2 Material and Methods
10.2.1 Synthesis of Zinc Ferrite
10.2.2 Material Characterization
10.3 Results and Discussion
10.3.1 X-Ray Diffraction
10.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
10.3.3 Fourier Transform Infrared
10.3.4 Heat Exchanger
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 A Study of Risk Assessment in the Nanomaterials Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department and the Materials …
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.3 Results
11.3.1 The Laboratory Users’ Knowledge of Nanosafety
11.3.2 The Condition of Nanosafety Facilities in Nanomaterials Laboratory
11.3.3 The Activities in the Nanomaterial Laboratory
11.3.4 Risk Assessment in Nanomaterials Laboratory
11.3.5 Risk Rating of Nanomaterials Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department
11.3.6 Risk Rating of Nanomaterials Laboratory of Physics Department
11.4 Discussion
11.4.1 The Laboratory Users’ Knowledge of Nanosafety
11.4.2 The Condition of Nanosafety Facilities in Nanomaterials Laboratory
11.4.3 The Activity in the Nanomaterials Laboratory
11.4.4 Risk Assessment in Nanomaterials Laboratory
11.4.4.1 Risk Assessment in Nanomaterials Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department
11.4.4.2 Risk Assessment in Nanomaterials Laboratory of Physics Department
11.4.5 Risk Control in Nanomaterials Laboratory
11.4.5.1 Elimination
11.4.5.2 Substitution
11.4.5.3 Engineering Controls
11.4.5.4 Administrative Controls
11.4.5.5 PPE
11.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12 Fabrication and Characterization of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell in Various Metal Oxide Structure
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
12.2.1 DSSC Structure
12.2.2 Mechanism
12.3 Titanium Dioxide
12.3.1 Materials and Methods
12.3.2 Discussion
12.3.2.1 Microstructure
12.3.2.2 Morphology
12.3.2.3 Electrochemical Properties
12.3.2.4 Electrical Properties
12.4 Zinc Oxide
12.4.1 Materials and Methods
12.4.2 Discussion
12.4.2.1 Microstructure
12.4.2.2 Morphology
12.4.2.3 Optical Properties
12.4.2.4 Electrical Properties
12.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
13 Characterizations of Amino-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Loaded With Imidazole
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 The World of Nanomaterials
13.1.2 Green Chemistry—Perspectives Toward Sustainability
13.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries
13.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks
13.4 Methodology
13.4.1 Chemicals
13.4.2 Synthesis of IL@MOF
13.4.3 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
13.4.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
13.4.5 Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
13.5 Results and Discussion
13.5.1 X-Ray Diffraction
13.5.2 Morphology Characterizations
13.5.3 Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy
13.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
14 Green Removal of Bisphenol A From Aqueous Media Using Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Bisphenol A in Wastewater
14.3 Methods for the BPA Removal in Water
14.4 Adsorption of Bisphenol A in Wastewater
14.5 Adsorbents Reported for the Removal of BPA From Water
14.6 Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)
14.7 UIO–66 (ZR) Metal-Organic Compound in BPA Removal in Wastewater
14.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Index
