Nanoscale Energy Transport: Emerging Phenomena, Methods and Applications

PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
References
Editor biography
Bolin Liao
Contributors
Outline placeholder
Xun Li
Sangyeop Lee
Tianli Feng
Xiulin Ruan
Tengfei Luo
Eungkyu Lee
Ruiyang Li
Zhiting Tian
Jinghang Dai
Renjiu Hu
Jiang Guo
Shenghong Ju
Junichiro Shiomi
Chengyun Hua
Keivan Esfarjani
Yuan Liang
Pramod Reddy
Edgar Meyhofer
Longji Cui
Dustin Lattery
Jie Zhu
Dingbin Huang
Xiaojia Wang
Rebecca Wong
Michael Man
Keshav Dani
Chen Li
Qiyang Sun
Sunmi Shin
Renkun Chen
Hyeongyun Cha
Soumyadip Sett
Patrick Birbarah
Tarek Gebrael
Junho Oh
Nenad Miljkovic
Mona Zebarjadi
Golam Rosul
Sabbir Akhanda
Shreyas Chavan
Kalyan Boyina
Longnan Li
Qing Zhu
Zhifeng Ren
Tobias Burger
Caroline Sempere
Andrej Lenert
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Hydrodynamic phonon transport: past, present and prospects
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Collective phonon flow
1.3 Peierls–Boltzmann transport equation
1.4 Steady-state phonon hydrodynamics
1.4.1 Infinitely large sample
1.4.2 Sample with an infinite length and a finite width
1.4.3 Sample with an infinite width and a finite length contacting hot and cold reservoirs
1.5 Unsteady phonon hydrodynamics (second sound)
1.6 Summary and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Higher-order phonon scattering: advancing the quantum theory of phonon linewidth, thermal conductivity and thermal radiative properties
2.1 Overview
2.2 Formalism of four-phonon scattering
2.3 Strong four-phonon scattering potential
2.3.1 High temperature
2.3.2 Strongly anharmonic materials
2.4 Large four-phonon or suppressed three-phonon phase space
2.4.1 Materials with large acoustic–optical phonon band gaps
2.4.2 Optical phonons
2.4.3 Two-dimensional materials with reflection symmetry
2.5 Further discussion
2.5.1 Scaling with frequency
2.5.2 Strong Umklapp scattering
2.5.3 Negligible three-phonon scattering to the second order
2.6 Summary and outlook
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Pre-interface scattering influenced interfacial thermal transport across solid interfaces
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Introduction to the atomistic Green’s function approach: application to nanoscale phonon transport
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Atomistic Green’s function
4.2.1 Deduction of atomistic Green’s functions
4.2.2 Self-energy and surface Green’s function
4.2.3 Phonon transport in one-dimensional systems
4.3 Recent progress
4.3.1 From one dimension to three dimensions
4.3.2 Polarization-specific transmission coefficient
4.3.3 Anharmonic Green’s function
4.4 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Application of Bayesian optimization to thermal science
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Bayesian optimization
5.2.1 Bayesian algorithm theory
5.2.2 Bayesian optimization implemented as a black-box tool
5.3 Applications of Bayesian optimization in thermal science
5.3.1 Thermal conductance modulation
5.3.2 Thermal radiation engineering
5.4 Summary and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Phonon mean free path spectroscopy: theory and experiments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Principles of MFP spectroscopy
6.3 Theory
6.3.1 Nonlocal theory of heat conduction
6.3.2 Solving the inverse problem
6.4 Experiments
6.4.1 Size-dependent thermal conductivity measurements
6.4.2 TTG spectroscopy
6.4.3 Thermoreflectance and diffraction techniques
6.5 Summary
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Thermodynamics of anharmonic lattices from first principles
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Motivation
7.1.2 Lattice dynamics theory and the self-consistent phonon idea
7.1.3 Implementation example of the variational approach
7.2 Overview: historical development
7.3 Modern interpretations and implementations
7.3.1 Selection and extraction of force constants
7.3.2 Sampling of the configuration space for effective theories at finite temperature
7.4 A recent extension to SCHA-4
7.4.1 Formulation
7.4.2 Minimization equations with strain included
7.4.3 Application to a simple model
7.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Appendix A Thermodynamic properties of harmonic oscillators
Appendix B Normal modes and Gaussian averages
Appendix C Formal SCHA equations
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Experimental approaches for probing heat transfer and energy conversion at the atomic and molecular scales
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Theoretical concepts
8.2.1 Energy transport in atomic-scale junctions
8.2.2 Heat dissipation and thermoelectric energy conversion in molecular junctions
8.3 Heat transfer and energy conversion at the atomic scale: experiments
8.3.1 Quantum heat transport in single-atom junctions
8.4 Heat dissipation in atomic- and molecular-scale junctions
8.5 Peltier cooling in molecular-scale junctions
8.6 Measurement of thermal conductance of single-molecule junctions
8.7 Concluding remarks and outlook
References
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 Ultrafast thermal and magnetic characterization of materials enabled by the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Background and motivation
9.1.2 Ultrafast-laser-based metrology for transport studies
9.2 TR-MOKE measurement technique
9.2.1 The physical foundation
9.2.2 Optical setup of time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect
9.3 Thermal measurements
9.3.1 Temperature information from TR-MOKE signals
9.3.2 Measurement process and data analysis of TR-MOKE
9.3.3 High-sensitivity thermal measurements enabled by TR-MOKE
9.4 Ultrafast magnetization dynamics
9.4.1 Magnetization information from TR-MOKE signals
9.4.2 Magnetic anisotropy and damping
9.5 Advanced capabilities for broader research directions
9.5.1 Propagating spin waves
9.5.2 Ultrafast energy carrier coupling
9.5.3 Straintronics (coupling between spin and strain)
9.5.4 Spin caloritronics
9.6 Summary and outlook
Acknowledgements
References
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 Investigation of nanoscale energy transport with time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 The era of semiconductor technologies
10.1.2 The importance of reaching the ultrafast frontier in semiconductor research
10.1.3 The grand unification of electron microscopy and femtosecond spectroscopy
10.2 Unlocking high spatial–temporal resolution in studies of ultrafast dynamics in semiconductors
10.2.1 Ultrafast transient absorption microscope (ultrafast TAM)
10.2.2 Ultrafast techniques utilizing electron microscopes
10.3 Studies of semiconductors utilizing TR-PEEM
10.4 Outlook and perspective of TR-PEEM technique
10.4.1 Ultrafast light sources with optimal repetition rate, peak power, pulse duration and energy bandwidth depending on application
10.4.2 Parallel data acquisition for multidimensional data
10.4.3 Resolving electron spin in TR-PEEM
10.5 Final remarks
References
CH011.pdf
Chapter 11 Exploring nanoscale heat transport via neutron scattering
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 A short history
11.1.2 Neutron advantages
11.1.3 Neutron sources
11.1.4 Scattering theory
11.1.5 Neutron instruments
11.2 Inelastic neutron scattering and phonon transport
11.2.1 Thermal transport and measurable phonon properties
11.2.2 Data reduction and analysis
11.2.3 Some examples
11.2.4 Summary
References
CH012.pdf
Chapter 12 Thermal transport measurements of nanostructures using suspended micro-devices
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Suspended micro-device platform
12.2.1 Basic principles and configuration
12.2.2 Sensitivity and uncertainties
12.2.3 Thermal contact resistance
12.3 Recent developments
12.3.1 The differential bridge method
12.3.2 Modulated heating
12.3.3 Background conductance
12.3.4 Characterization of heat loss from suspended beams
12.3.5 Electron-beam heating
12.3.6 Four-point thermal measurement
12.3.7 Integrated devices
12.4 Summary and outlook
Acknowledgments
References
CH013.pdf
Chapter 13 Recent advances in structured surface enhanced condensation heat transfer
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Advancements in coating materials and the durability of coatings
13.2.1 Self-assembled monolayers
13.2.2 Polymers
13.2.3 Diamond-like carbon (DLC)
13.2.4 Rare earth oxides (REOs)
13.2.5 Hydrocarbon adsorption
13.2.6 Slippery omniphobic covalently attached liquids (SOCALs)
13.2.7 Degradation of coatings
13.3 Structured surfaces for low-surface-tension fluids
13.3.1 Re-entrant structured surfaces
13.3.2 Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) and lubricant-infused surfaces (LISs)
13.3.3 LIS/SLIPS stability
13.3.4 Durability of LISs/SLIPs
13.4 Electric field enhanced (EFE) condensation
13.4.1 Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) enhancement of condensation heat transfer
13.4.2 Electric field induced condensation (EIC)
13.4.3 Electric field enhanced (EFE) jumping-droplet condensation
13.4.4 Potential research avenues for EFE condensation
References
CH014.pdf
Chapter 14 Thermionic energy conversion
14.1 Introduction
14.2 History of thermionic converters
14.3 Theory of thermionic converters
14.3.1 Basic working principle
14.3.2 Ideal output current, voltage and power
14.4 Design of thermionic converters
14.4.1 Vacuum-state thermionic converters
14.4.2 Solid-state thermionic converters
14.5 Application of thermionic converters
14.6 Summary and future directions
References
CH015.pdf
Chapter 15 Recent advances in frosting for heat transfer applications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Classical condensation frosting theory
15.3 Anti-frosting superhydrophobic surfaces
15.4 Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces
15.5 Durability/robustness/fouling of superhydrophobic anti-frosting surfaces
15.6 Anti-frosting coatings for HVAC&R heat exchangers
15.6.1 Existing scalable coating methods
15.6.2 Performance quantification, testing methods and frost growth models
15.6.3 Frosting, defrosting and re-frosting
15.7 Defrosting
References
CH016.pdf
Chapter 16 Reliably measuring the efficiency of thermoelectric materials
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Prediction of efficiency from mathematical methods
16.2.1 Prediction of efficiency from the FDM
16.2.2 Prediction of efficiency from equations
16.3 Efficiency measurement
16.3.1 Challenges of efficiency measurement
16.3.2 Methods of efficiency measurement
16.3.3 TE module
16.4 Double four-point probe method
16.5 Conclusions
References
CH017.pdf
Chapter 17 Thermophotovoltaic energy conversion: materials and device engineering
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Framework for analyzing the performance of TPV systems
17.2.1 Spectral efficiency
17.2.2 Quantum efficiency
17.2.3 Bandgap utilization
17.2.4 Fill factor
17.3 Discussion and summary
Appendix: Emitter data
References