Nanoscale Compound Semiconductors and their Optoelectronics Applications

Front Cover
Nanoscale Compound Semiconductors and their Optoelectronics Applications
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
Preface
1 Introduction to compound semiconductor nanocrystals and their applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of nanocrystals materials and their properties
1.2.1 Binary semiconductor nanocrystal materials
1.2.1.1 II–VI NCs
1.2.1.2 III–V NCs
1.2.1.3 VI–IV NCs
1.2.2 Ternary and quaternary colloidal NCs
1.2.2.1 I–III–VI
1.2.2.2 Halide perovskite NCs
1.3 Properties of nanocrystals
1.3.1 Structural properties
1.3.2 Electronic structures
1.3.3 Optical properties
1.3.4 Magnetic properties
1.3.5 Electrical properties
1.3.5.1 I–V properties
1.3.6 Electroluminescence properties
1.4 Preparation methods and characterization techniques for nanocrystal materials
1.4.1 Preparation methods for nanocrystal materials
1.4.2 Characterization techniques for nanocrystal materials
1.5 Device and material performance
1.5.1 Performance parameters
1.5.2 Reported device performance
1.6 Applications of nanocrystals
1.7 Application of semiconductor nanocrystal in optoelectronic devices
1.7.1 Photodetectors
1.7.2 Light-emitting diodes
1.7.3 Solar cells
1.7.4 Photocatalysis
1.8 Application of semiconductor nanocrystal in energy conversion and storage devices
1.8.1 Fuel cells
1.8.2 Lithium-ion batteries
1.9 Application of semiconductor nanocrystal in monitoring and detecting devices
1.10 Biology and healthcare
1.10.1 Gas sensors
1.10.2 Temperature sensors
1.11 Conclusion and future prospects
References
2 Synthesis, properties, and applications of zinc sulfide for solar cells
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Synthesis of ZnS
2.2.1 Solid-state reaction
2.2.2 One-pot synthesis
2.2.3 Sol-gel synthesis
2.2.4 Solvothermal synthesis
2.3 Properties of ZnS
2.4 ZnS as an active material for solar cells
2.4.1 Dye-sensitized solar cell
2.4.2 CIGS-based thin-film solar cell
2.5 Summary and future scope
References
3 Zinc selenide semiconductor: synthesis, properties and applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Preparation methods and characterization techniques for ZnSe semiconductor
3.3 Characterization techniques
3.4 Structural properties
3.5 Optical properties of ZnSe
3.6 Ultraviolet-visible
3.7 Luminescence
3.8 Electrical/electronic properties
3.9 Potential applications of ZnSe semiconductor materials
3.10 Light emitting devices
3.11 Photocatalysis
3.12 Photodetectors
3.13 Scintilator
3.14 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
4 Size, shape-dependent optoelectronic properties of semiconductor colloidal ZnTe nanocrystals
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Optoelectronic devices
4.1.2 Zinc Telluride
4.2 Effect of dimensional aspect on optoelectronic properties
4.3 ZnTe-based optoelectronic devices
4.3.1 ZnTe-based LEDs
4.3.2 ZnTe-based solar cells/photovoltaic cell
4.3.3 ZnTe-based photodetector
4.4 Future scope and challenges
References
5 Material properties and potential applications of CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Material properties of CdSe nanostructures
5.2.1 Effect of size
5.2.2 Effect of shape
5.2.3 Effect of crystal structure
5.2.4 Effect of doping
5.3 Methods of synthesis
5.3.1 Chemical methods
5.3.1.1 Hydrothermal/solvothermal method
5.3.1.2 Organometallic synthesis
5.3.1.3 Sol-gel method
5.3.2 Physical methods
5.3.2.1 Electrochemical deposition process
5.3.2.2 Vapor deposition process
5.3.2.3 Vapor-liquid-solid method
5.3.2.4 Solution-liquid-solid method
5.3.3 Biological method
5.4 Applications of CdSe-based nanostructures
5.4.1 Photodetectors
5.4.2 Solar cells
5.4.3 Light-emitting diodes
5.4.4 Lasers
5.4.5 Nuclear radiation detection
5.4.6 Catalysis
5.4.7 Biological imaging
5.5 Future challenges and opportunities
References
6 Synthesis, properties, and applications of MoS2 semiconductor
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Phases of MoS2
6.3 Synthesis
6.3.1 Chemical vapor deposition/vapor-phase growth process
6.3.2 Mechanical exfoliation
6.3.3 Chemical exfoliation
6.3.4 Hydrothermal synthesis
6.4 Properties
6.4.1 Mechanical properties
6.4.2 Electronic properties
6.4.3 Optical properties
6.4.4 Raman spectroscopy and phonon and photon interaction
6.5 Applications
6.5.1 Chemical applications
6.5.2 Solar cells
6.5.3 Biosensor
6.5.4 Photodiodes and phototransistors
6.5.5 Supercapacitors
6.5.6 Catalytic process
6.5.7 Mechanical
6.6 Future developments
References
7 Synthesis, functional properties, and applications of Ag2S semiconductor nanocrystals
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Crystal structures and phases of Ag2S
7.3 Different morphologies of Ag2S functional nanostructure material
7.3.1 Nanorods
7.3.1.1 Nanodots
7.3.2 Nanocubes
7.3.3 Nanochains
7.3.4 Nanospheres
7.4 Novel method of synthesis of Ag2S nanostructures
7.4.1 Ultrasonic synthesis
7.4.2 Hydrothermal synthesis
7.4.3 Microwave-assisted method
7.4.4 Template assisted method
7.4.5 Miscellaneous methods
7.5 Mechanism of formation of various Ag2S nanostructures
7.5.1 Ostwald ripening
7.5.2 Template assisted growth
7.5.3 Self-assembly mechanism
7.6 Properties of Ag2S nanostructures
7.6.1 Structural properties of Ag2S nanostructures
7.6.2 Optical absorption studies
7.6.3 Photoluminescence studies
7.7 Applications of Ag2S nanostructures
7.7.1 Photocatalysis
7.7.2 Sensing and detection
7.7.3 Theranostics
7.7.4 Biological applications
7.8 Conclusion and future outlook
References
8 Efficient PbSe colloidal QDs for optoelectronics devices
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Multiple-exciton generation and/or the impact ionization
8.3 MEG mechanisms
8.4 Incoherent Coulomb scattering mechanism (impact ionization process)
8.5 Coherent superposition of single and multiple exciton states (the dephasing mechanism)
8.6 The direct mechanism
8.7 Materials and methods
8.8 Colloidal chemical method
8.9 Solution phase ligand exchange
8.10 Cation-exchange reaction
8.11 Surface treatments
8.12 Characterization, properties and factors affecting these properties
8.12.1 Structural
8.13 Optical
8.14 Electrical and electronics
8.15 Device fabrication and its implications on the performance
8.15.1 Solar cells
8.16 Photodetectors
8.17 Light emitting diodes
8.18 Field-effect transistors
8.19 Conclusion
References
9 Synthesis, characterization, and applications of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Crystal structure and basic properties of ZnO, TiO2
9.3 Significance of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.4 Synthesis and characterization of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.4.1 Zero-dimensional ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.4.2 One-dimensional ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.4.3 Two-dimensional ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.4.4 Three-dimensional and hybrid ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.5 Applications of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites
9.5.1 Solar cells
9.5.2 Photocatalysis
9.5.3 Batteries
9.5.4 Gas sensors
9.6 Conclusions
References
10 Multifunctional properties of hybrid semiconducting nanomaterials and their applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fundamentals of hybrid semiconducting materials
10.3 Synthesis procedures for hybrid semiconducting materials
10.3.1 Coprecipitation
10.3.2 Sol–gel
10.3.3 Hydrothermal
10.3.4 Combustion
10.4 Multifunctional properties of hybrid semiconductors
10.4.1 Optical absorption and reflectance
10.4.2 Optical emission (luminescence)
10.4.3 Chemical state analysis
10.5 Application of hybrid semiconducting materials
10.5.1 Solar cells
10.5.2 Photocatalytic
10.5.3 Antibacterial
10.6 Conclusion and future scope
References
11 Tuning the properties of ZnS semiconductor by the addition of graphene
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Properties of materials
11.2.1 Properties of ZnS materials
11.2.2 Properties of graphene
11.3 Synthesis methods of graphene-based ZnS material
11.3.1 Methods to synthesis of nanomaterials
11.3.1.1 Top down method
11.3.1.2 Bottom up method
11.3.2 Hydrothermal synthesis
11.3.3 Solvothermal method
11.3.4 Chemical vapor deposition method
11.3.5 Combustion method
11.3.6 Microwave synthesis method
11.3.7 Sol gel method
11.4 Structural and optical properties of ZnS/graphene nanocomposites
11.5 Applications of ZnS/graphene nanocomposite
11.5.1 Application if ZnS nanocomposite in solar cell
11.5.2 Sensors
11.5.3 Lithium ion batteries
11.5.4 Supercapacitors
11.5.5 Fuel cell
11.5.6 Photocatalytic
11.6 Conclusion and future perspective
References
12 Graphene-based semiconductor nanocrystals for optoelectronics devices
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Graphene-based semiconductor
12.2.1 Properties
12.2.1.1 Electronics properties
12.2.1.2 Electrical transport property
12.2.1.3 Optical properties
12.2.1.4 Photocatalytic properties
12.3 Optoelectronics applications
12.3.1 Photodetector
12.3.2 Solar cells
12.3.3 Light-emitting diodes
12.3.4 Energy storage devices
12.4 Literature review
12.4.1 Graphene/ZnO
12.4.2 Graphene/CdS
12.4.3 Graphene/Cu2ZnSnSe4
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Graphene oxide based semiconducting nanomaterial’s composites for environmental applications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Synthesis of GO, rGO and its properties
13.2.1 Synthesis of graphene oxide
13.2.2 Synthesis of reduction of graphene oxide
13.2.3 Structural studies of GO and rGO: XRD
13.2.4 Optical property of GO and rGO: Raman study
13.2.5 Chemical state analysis: XPS
13.3 Recent developments in synthesizing various GO or rGO based semiconducting nanocomposites
13.3.1 Sol-gel method
13.3.2 Hydrothermal/solvothermal method
13.3.3 Spray pyrolysis method
13.3.4 Ball milling method
13.3.5 Electrochemical deposition method
13.4 Environmental applications of graphene oxide based semiconducting nanomaterial’s composites
13.4.1 Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
13.4.2 Toxic elimination of heavy metal ions and antibacterial applications
13.5 Conclusion and future perspective
Acknowledgments
References
Index
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