Nanomanufacturing and Nanomaterials Design: Principles and Applications

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Editors
Contributors
1. Introduction and Origin to Nanomanufacturing
1.1 Introduction and Origins
1.2 Nanomanufacturing Challenges
1.3 Manufacturing at the Nanoscale
1.3.1 Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Approaches
1.3.2 Top-Down Method
1.3.3 Bottom-Up Method
1.4 Nanomanufacturing Applications
1.5 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
2. Challenges and Opportunities in Nanomanufacturing
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Opportunities in Nanomanufacturing
2.2.1 Integrating Functions
2.2.2 Technology Convergence
2.3 Nanomanufacturing Processes
2.4 Challenges in Nanomanufacturing
2.5 Recommendations for Nanomanufacturing Research
2.6 Conclusion
References
3. Intense Classification of Nanomanufacturing
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals
3.2.1 Quantum Dots
3.2.2 Quantum Rods
3.3 The Top-Down Approach
3.3.1 Nanoimprint Lithography
3.3.2 Ball Milling Technique
3.3.3 Pulsed Laser Synthesis
3.3.4 Radio Frequency Sputtering Method
3.4 The Bottom-Up Approach
3.4.1 Chemical Vapour Deposition
3.4.2 Dip Pen Lithography
3.4.3 Self-Assembly
3.4.4 Solution Combustion Synthesis
3.4.5 Hydrothermal Synthesis
3.4.6 Ultrasonochemical Synthesis
3.4.7 Sol-Gel
3.4.8 Co-precipitation Method
3.5 Nanomanufacturing Technologies
3.5.1 Nanomechanical Machining
3.5.2 Nanolithography
3.5.3 Energy Beam Machining
3.5.4 Deposition and Etching
3.5.5 Nano Printing
3.5.6 Nanoassembly
3.5.7 Nanoreplication
3.6 Conclusion
References
4. Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of End Milling Process Parameters for Surface Integrity on Al7075-B4C-BN Nanocomposites
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Experimental Procedure
4.2.1 Materials and Methods
4.2.2 Experimental Setup for Measurement of Temperature Rise
4.3 Statistical Analyses
4.3.1 ANOVA for Temperature Intensification
4.3.2 ANOVA for Micro-Hardness
4.4 Results and Discussions
4.4.1 Response Surface Methodology of Temperature Rise: Direct Consequence of Spindle Speed and Feed Rate on Temperature Rise
4.4.2 Response Surface Methodology of Micro-Hardness
4.4.3 Direct Consequence of Spindle Speed and Feed Rate on Micro-Hardness
4.4.4 Direct Consequence of Spindle Speed and Radial Depth of Cut on Micro-Hardness
4.5 Conclusion
References
5. Design and Manufacturing of Nano Sensors: Perspective and Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chemiresistive Type Gas Sensor Based on Nanomaterials
5.2.1 Pure Metal and Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensor
5.2.2 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) a Two Dimensional (2D)-Based Gas Sensor
5.3 Film Deposition Techniques
5.4 Gas Sensing Parameters
5.4.1 Baseline
5.4.2 Sensor Response
5.4.3 Calibration Curve and Sensor Sensitivity
5.4.4 Selectivity
5.4.5 Sensor Response and Recovery Time
5.4.6 Repeatability
5.4.7 Drift
5.4.8 Limit of Detection (LOD)
5.5 Method to Improve Gas Sensing Response
5.6 Conclusion
References
6. 3D Nano Printing: Current Status and Emerging Trends of a Novel Fabrication Technique and Its Industrial Applications in Biomedicines
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conventional 3D Printing - Medical Applications
6.2.1 Inkjet 3D Printing
6.2.2 Extrusion 3D Printing
6.2.3 Light-Assisted 3D Printing
6.2.4 DOPsL 3D Printing
6.2.5 TPP 3D Printing
6.3 Biomedical Applications - 3D Printing
6.3.1 Surgical Applications
6.3.2 Disease Modelling
6.3.3 Regenerative Biomedicine
6.4 Materials for 3D Printing
6.4.1 Prerequisite Parameters
6.4.2 Appropriate Biomaterial Choice
6.4.2.1 Melt-Cure Polymers
6.4.2.2 Hydrogels
6.5 Novel 3D Printing and Materials
6.5.1 Novel SLA Materials
6.5.2 Multi-Material 3D Printing
6.5.3 Embedded 3D Printing
6.5.4 4D Printing
6.5.5 Electrically Controlled 3D Printing
6.6 Discussion and Conclusions
References
7. Nanomanufacturing of Biomedicines: Current Status and Future Challenges
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nanomanufacturing Areas
7.2.1 Nanomedicine Formulations
7.2.1.1 Drug Syntheses
7.2.1.2 Micro/Nanonization Processes
7.2.1.2.1 Ball-Milling
7.2.1.2.2 Extrusion
7.2.1.2.3 Supercritical Fluid Processing
7.2.1.2.4 Micro/Nano-Emulsion Processes
7.2.1.2.5 Microfluidization
7.2.1.2.6 Nanogel (NG) Formulations
7.2.1.2.7 Liposomal Nanocarriers
7.2.1.2.8 Engineered Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoplatforms
7.2.2 Translation - Laboratory Experiments to Nanomanufacturing
7.2.3 Quality Control
7.3 Nanoproduction of Biomedicines - Emerging Areas
7.3.1 Anti-Inflammatory Nanomedicines
7.3.2 Anti-Diabetic Nanoformulations
7.3.3 Alzheimer's Disease and LNP-Carriers
7.4 Discussions and Conclusions
References
8. Experimental Investigation on Spark Behaviour of ECDM for Potential Application in Nanofabrication
8.1 Introduction to ECDM
8.2 ECDM Mechanism
8.3 Formation of Gas Film Layer
8.4 Technical Parameters for Experimentation
8.5 Result and Discussion
8.6 Conclusion
References
9. Frequency Sensitivity Performance Analysis of Single-Layer and Multi-Layer SAW-Based Sensor Using Finite Element Method
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Generating Surface Acoustic Waves
9.3 Structure of Resonators and Delay Lines
9.4 Basic Configurations of SAW Devices
9.5 Finite Element Method (FEM)
9.6 Design and Simulation of the Proposed Structure
9.7 Result and Discussion
9.8 Measurement of Electric Potential
9.9 Measurement of Sensitivity
9.10 Conclusion
References
10. Nanomanufacturing for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanomaterials Used in Energy Conversion and Storage
10.3 Application in Energy Conversion
10.3.1 Solar Energy
10.3.2 Hydrogen Energy
10.3.3 Biomass/Biofuels
10.3.4 Ocean, Geothermal and Wind Energy
10.4 Application in Energy Storage
10.4.1 Mechanical Systems
10.4.2 Thermal Systems
10.4.3 Optical Systems
10.4.4 Electrical Systems
10.4.5 Lithium Ion Batteries
10.5 Conclusion
References
11. Nanofabrication Techniques for Solar Photovoltaic Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nanomaterials for Semiconductive Film and Its Synthesis Process
11.2.1 Synthesis Route to Develop Mesoporous TiO2
11.2.2 Deposition of Nanostructured TiO2
11.2.2.1 Spin Coating
11.2.2.2 Dip Coating
11.2.2.3 Doctor Blading
11.2.2.4 Screen Printing
11.2.2.5 Ink Jet Printing
11.2.2.6 Pad Printing
11.3 Nano Deposition for Flexible Solar Cell
11.3.1 Electrophoretic Deposition
11.3.2 Chemical Sintering
11.3.3 Mechanical Compression
11.4 Conclusion
References
12. Emerging Nanomanufacturing Techniques with 2D Materials
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Application Area of Nanomanufacturing
12.3 2D Materials and Its Feature Characteristics
12.4 Techniques and Processes Involve in Nanomanufacturing
12.4.1 Factors for Impacting Industrial Advancement through Nano Materials
12.4.2 Top-Down Manufacturing Approach
12.4.3 Bottom-Down Manufacturing Approach
12.5 Future Work Perspectives
12.6 Conclusion
References
13. Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymeric Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Market of Nanocomposite in Tissue Engineering
13.3 Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymeric Materials
13.3.1 Chitosan
13.3.2 Alginates
13.3.3 Starches
13.3.4 Cellulose
13.3.5 Gelatin
13.4 Biopolymer Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications
13.5 Latest Trends in Nanocomposites in Tissue Engineering
13.6 Bioactivity and Biodegradation of Nanocomposites in Tissue Engineering
13.7 Challenges
13.8 Applications and Future Scope
13.8.1 Natural Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
13.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
14. Design and Manufacturing of Nanorobots and Their Industrial Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Design of Nanorobot
14.2.1 Architecture of Nanorobot
14.2.2 Estimated Model of Nanorobot
14.3 Manufacturing Approaches of Nanorobots
14.3.1 Nubots
14.3.2 3D Printing
14.3.3 Biohybrids
14.3.4 Surface Bound Systems
14.4 Nanomanipulation
14.5 Nanorobotic Devices
14.5.1 Nanocoils Assembly by Nanorobots
14.6 Applications of Nanorobots in Industry
14.7 Disadvantages of Nanorobots
14.8 Conclusion and Discussion
References
15. Nanomanufacturing and Design of High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Nanomanufacturing
15.2.1 Applications
15.2.2 Challenges of Nanomanufacturing
15.3 Nanogenerator
15.3.1 Maxwell's Equations for Nanogenerators
15.3.2 Polarisation Hypothesis
15.3.3 Current Nanogenerator Transportation Equations
15.3.4 Maxwell's Displacing Current Technology Forecasts
15.4 Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
15.4.1 Mechanism
15.4.2 Geometrical Configuration Design
15.4.2.1 Single-Wire Generator (SWG)
15.4.2.2 Vertical Nanowires Integrated Nanogenerator (VING)
15.4.2.3 Lateral Nanowire Integrated Nanogenerator (LING)
15.4.2.4 Nanocomposite Electrical Generators (NEG)
15.4.2.5 Other Type
15.5 High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
15.5.1 Variables Influencing the Performance of Piezo-electric Nanogenerators
15.5.1.1 Influence of Piezo-Electric Element Matrix on Piezo-Electric Nanogenerator Effectiveness
15.5.1.2 Influence of Material Micro-Morphology on Piezo-Electric Nanogenerator Effectiveness
15.5.1.3 Chemical Doping Effect on the Performance of Piezo-Electric Nanogenerators
15.5.1.4 The Effect of Device Substrate on the Performance of Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
15.5.1.5 Composite Thin-Film Material Development to Improve Piezoelectric Nanogenerators' Effectiveness
15.6 Piezoelectricity for Energy Harvesting
15.6.1 Piezo Generator: An Approach to Generate Electricity from Vibrations
15.7 Energy Harvesting through Piezoelectric Nano Generator
15.8 Applications and Future Scope of Nanomanufacturing in an Emerging Technical Field
15.8.1 Self-Powered Nano/Micro Devices
15.8.2 Smart Wearable Systems
15.8.3 Transparent and Flexible Devices
15.8.4 Telemetric Power Transceiver Implant
References
Index