Nanocomposite and Nanohybrid Materials: Processing and Applications

Cover
Half Title
Also of interest
Nanocomposite and Nanohybrid Materials: Processing and Applications
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1. The current scenario in nanocomposite and nanohybrid materials
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Nanocomposite
1.1.2 Nanohybrids
1.2 Classification and application of nanocomposites
1.2.1 Polymer matrix nanocomposites (PMNC)
1.2.2 Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNC)
1.2.3 Ceramic matrix nanocomposites (CMNC)
1.2.4 Future prospects of nanocomposites
1.2.4.1 Agricultural applications
1.2.4.2 Smart fertilizers
1.2.4.3 Medical applications
1.2.4.4 Food packaging and bioactive systems
1.3 Classification and applications of nanohybrids
1.3.1 Carbon-carbon nanohybrids (CCNHs)
1.3.2 Carbon-metal nanohybrids (CMNHs)
1.3.3 Metal-metal nanohybrids (MMNHs)
1.3.4 Coated nanohybrids with organic molecules (OMCNHs)
1.4 Conclusion and future prospects of nanohybrids
References
2. A current perspective on nanocomposite and nanohybrid material: developments and trends
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nanotechnology
2.3 Classification of nanomaterials
2.3.1 Synthesis of nanoparticles
2.3.1.1 Physical synthesis
2.3.1.2 Chemical synthesis
2.4 Nanohybrids
2.4.1 Nanohybrid composites
2.4.2 Classification of nanohybrid materials
2.4.3 Examples of nanohybrids
2.4.3.1 Silica nanohybrids
2.4.3.2 Clay nanohybrids
2.4.3.3 Metal nanohybrids (MNHs)
2.4.3.4 Metal oxide nanohybrids (MONHs)
2.4.4 Application of nanohybrids
2.4.5 Application of nanohybrid nanocomposites
2.4.5.1 Biomedical applications
2.4.5.2 Textile applications
2.4.5.3 Civil engineering applications
2.4.5.4 Food packaging applications
2.4.5.5 Telecommunication applications
2.4.5.6 Aerospace applications
2.4.5.7 Automotive applications
2.4.5.8 Defense applications
2.4.5.9 Miscellaneous applications
2.5 Current challenges of nanocomposites and nanohybrids
2.6 Future scope of work
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Synthetic nanomaterials: fabrication, development, and characterization
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Current scenario and research directions of NMs
3.3 Categorization of NMs
3.3.1 Classification of NMs as per their origin
3.3.2 Classification of NMs based on dimension
3.3.3 Classification of NMs based on morphologies
3.3.4 Classification of NMs based on chemical composition
3.3.5 Classification of NMs based on state
3.4 Fabrication techniques of NMs
3.4.1 Physical method
3.4.2 Biological method
3.4.3 Chemical method
3.4.4 Approaches for nanofabrication
3.5 Development of NMs for varied applications
3.5.1 Electronics
3.5.2 Water treatment
3.5.3 Biogas production
3.5.4 Agriculture
3.5.5 Nanobioremediation
3.5.6 Extraction and exploration of oil
3.5.7 Drug delivery
3.5.8 Food
3.5.9 Cosmetics and sunscreens
3.5.10 Vaccine development
3.5.11 Gas sensor
3.5.12 Construction
3.6 Characterization of NMs
3.6.1 Size
3.6.2 Surface area and surface energy
3.6.3 Composition and concentration
3.6.4 Morphology and crystallography
3.7 Summary and future outlook
Nomenclature
References
4. Advances in fabrication, development, and characterization of synthetic nanomaterials
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Fabrication of nanomaterials
4.3 Characterization
4.4 Conclusion
References
5. Structural, morphological, thermal, and long persistent properties of synthesized nanostructured phosphor
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental section
5.2.1 Phosphor synthesis process
5.2.2 Phosphor characterization techniques
5.3 Results and discussion
5.3.1 Analysis of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD)
5.3.1.1 Confirmation of the existence of doping ions occupying the host crystal lattice sites
5.3.1.2 Estimation of crystallite size (D)
5.3.2 Analysis of surface morphology (FESEM)
5.3.3 Analysis of energy dispersive x-ray spectrum (EDX)
5.3.4 Analysis of thermoluminescence (TL) spectra
5.3.4.1 Determination of thermoluminescence (TL) trapping or kinetic parameters
5.3.4.1.1 Determination of order of kinetics (b)
5.3.4.1.2 Determination of activation energy or trap depth (E)
5.3.4.1.3 Determination of frequency factor (s−1)
5.3.4.2 Doping concentration effect of Eu2+ and Dy3+ ions
5.4 Conclusion
5.5 Future scope of this research work
References
6. Mechanical characteristics and surface roughness testing of nanomaterials in enhancing the discharge over spillways
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Review of literature
6.3 Background of the study
6.3.1 Nanotechnology in engineering
6.3.2 Nanotechnology in cement-based materials
6.4 Materials and methods
6.4.1 Analysis using ordinary Portland cement
6.4.2 Analysis using nanocement
6.4.3 Analysis using nano-fly ash
6.4.4 Analysis using nanosilica fume
6.5 Experimental results and discussions
6.5.1 Experimental flume
6.5.2 Design of ogee spillway
6.5.3 Fabrication of ogee spillway
6.5.4 Experimental investigations
6.6 Testing surface roughness, porosity, and abrasion resistance
6.6.1 Surface roughness test
6.6.2 Porosity test
6.6.3 Abrasion resistance test
6.7 Conclusions and future recommendations
References
7. Biomedical considerations of nanomaterials based on biological aspects in biomedical field
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Hybrid nanocomposites
7.3 Creation of sophisticated hybrid nanomaterials
7.4 System-composed nanoparticles
7.5 Hybrid nanocomposite materials’ fabrication techniques
7.6 Advantages and disadvantages of hybrid nanocomposites
7.7 Biological properties of hybrid nanocomposites
7.8 Conclusion
References
8. Nanomaterial-based molecular imaging and targeted cancer therapy: current progress and limitations
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 NPs types and application in cancer therapy
8.2.1 Liposomes
8.2.2 Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs)
8.2.3 Polymeric micelles (PMs)
8.2.4 Dendrimers
8.2.5 Nanoemulsions
8.2.6 Quantum dots
8.3 NPs used in oncology
8.3.1 Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs)
8.3.2 Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs)
8.3.3 Zinc dioxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)
8.3.4 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
8.3.5 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)
8.3.6 Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)
8.3.7 Flavonoid nanoparticles (FNPs)
8.4 Challenges to nanomedicine
8.5 Future scopes
8.6 Conclusion
References
9. Emerging perspectives of nanoparticles to treat neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Neurodegeneration
9.2.1 Alzheimer’s disease
9.2.2 Parkinson’s disease
9.3 Site-specific drug delivery by NPs
9.4 Targeting neurodegeneration
9.4.1 Studies using animal models
9.4.2 Studies using cell lines
9.4.3 Studies in human subjects
9.5 Crossing BBB
9.5.1 Nanocomposites
9.5.2 Metal NPs
9.5.3 Quantum dots
9.6 Biomarkers and biosensors
9.7 Limitations and potential solutions
9.8 Conclusion
References
10. Understanding antibacterial disinfection mechanisms of oxide-based photocatalytic materials
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Proposed antibacterial mechanisms of ENMs
10.2.1 Oxidative stress by ROS production
10.2.2 Release of metal ions
10.3 ENM properties related to antibacterial efficacy
10.3.1 The effect of size
10.3.2 The effect of surface-related defects
10.3.3 The effect of shape
10.3.4 The effect of surface coating
10.3.5 The effect of roughness
10.3.6 The effect of bacteria type
10.4 Oxide-based semiconductor photocatalysts used as antibacterial agents
10.4.1 Titanium dioxide
10.4.2 Zinc oxide
10.4.3 Tin oxide
10.4.4 Copper oxide
10.4.5 Zinc stannate
10.4.6 Other oxide-based ENMs
10.5 Conclusion and future directions
References
11. Nanocomposites and nanohybrids in additive manufacturing
Abstract
11.1 Classification of 3D printing processes for nanocomposites
11.1.1 Metal-based additive manufacturing (M-AM)
11.1.2 Polymer-based additive manufacturing (P-AM)
11.1.3 Ceramic-based additive manufacturing (C-AM)
11.2 Advances in nanocomposite materials for use in AM
11.2.1 Some critical/high-performance 3D-printed polymer nanocomposites
11.2.1.1 Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)
11.2.1.2 Polyamide 12/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
11.2.1.3 Carbon black-filled nylon 12 nanocomposite
11.2.1.4 Polyamide 12/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposite
11.2.1.5 Advances in additive technology for polymer-based nanocomposites
11.2.2 Advances in additive technology for metal-based nanocomposites
11.2.3 Advances in additive technology for ceramic-based nanocomposites
11.3 Mechanical properties
11.4 Conclusion and future perspective
References
12. Characterization and mechanical properties analysis of carbon nanotube and hydroxyapatite-modified polymethyl methacrylate bone cement for bio-nanocomposite
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials selection and fabrication
12.3 Characterization techniques
12.3.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD)
12.3.2 Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
12.3.3 Mechanical testing
12.3.3.1 Compression testing
12.3.3.2 Flexural testing
12.3.4 Morphology study
12.3.4.1 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis
12.4 Results
12.4.1 Flexural strength and modulus
12.4.2 Compression strength and modulus
12.4.3 X-ray diffraction peaks
12.4.4 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy plot
12.4.5 Scanning electron microscopy
12.5 Discussion
12.6 Conclusion
References
13. Role of nanomaterials in enhancing the performance of polymer composite materials
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Nanocomposites
13.1.2 Nanomaterials
13.1.3 Application of nanomaterials
13.2 Materials and method
13.2.1 Development of CFRP/epoxy modified by GO nanocomposite
13.3 Characterization of the developed nanocomposite
13.3.1 FTIR spectroscopy
13.3.2 Mechanical characterization
13.4 Results and discussion
13.4.1 Tensile test
13.4.2 Flexural test
13.4.3 Impact test
13.5 Conclusion
References
14. Nanotechnology: a novel weapon for insect pest and vector management
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Nanoformulation techniques and their applications in entomotoxicity
14.2.1 Nanoencapsulation
14.2.2 Nanoemulsions
14.2.3 Nanogels
14.2.4 Nanomicelles
14.2.5 Nanoparticles
14.2.5.1 Green synthesis of nanoparticles
14.2.5.2 Efficacy of nanoparticles against insect pests
14.2.5.3 Efficacy of nanoparticles against insect vectors
14.3 Mode of action of different nanomaterials
14.3.1 External toxic effects
14.3.2 Internal toxicity
14.4 Imminent hurdles on field application of nanoinsecticides and future challenges
14.5 Conclusion
14.6 Future scope
List of abbreviations and nomenclature
References
15. Effect of carbon nanotubes, aluminum hydroxide, and zinc borate on the mechanical and fire properties of epoxy nanocomposite
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Materials and methods
15.3 Characterization
15.3.1 Mechanical properties
15.3.2 Flammability properties
15.3.3 Thermal properties
15.3.4 Morphological analysis
15.4 Result and discussion
15.4.1 Microstructure analysis
15.4.2 Mechanical properties
15.4.3 Flammability properties
15.4.4 Thermogravimetric analysis
15.5 Conclusion
References
16. Recent advancements in polymer nanocomposites-based adsorbents for chromium removal
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Preparation of polymer nanocomposites
16.3 Removal of chromium using PNCs
16.4 Adsorption analysis
16.5 Adsorption models
16.6 Factors affecting the removal efficiency
16.7 Regeneration of adsorbents
16.8 Future prospective
16.9 Conclusions
References
About the editors
List of contributors
Index