This book mainly focuses on the design methodologies of various quantum circuits, DNA circuits, DNA-quantum circuits, and quantum-DNA circuits. In this text, the author has compiled various design aspects of multiple-valued logic DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA sequential circuits, memory devices, programmable logic devices, and nanoprocessors. Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology: Sequential Circuits, Memory Devices, Programmable Logic Devices, and Nanoprocessorsis Volume 2 of a two-volume set, and consists of four parts.
This book presents various design aspects of multiple-valued logic DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA sequential circuits, memory devices, programmable logic devices, and nanoprocessors. Part I discusses multiple-valued quantum and DNA sequential circuits such as D flip-flop, SR latch, SR flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, shift register, ripple counter, and synchronous counter, which are described, respectively, with the applications and working procedures. After that, multiple-valued quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum sequential circuits such as D flip-flop, SR flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, shift register, ripple counter and synchronous counter circuits are explained with working procedures and architecture. Part II discusses the architecture and design procedure of memory devices such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), and cache memory, which are sequentially described in multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum computing. In Part III, the author examines the architectures and working principles of programmable logic devices such as programmable logic array (PLA), programmable array logic (PAL), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and complex programmable logic device (CPLD) in multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum computing. Multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum nanoprocessors are designed with algorithms in Part IV. Furthermore, the basic components of ternary nanoprocessors such as T-RAM, ternary instruction register, ternary incrementor circuit, ternary decoder, ternary multiplexer, ternary accumulator in quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum computing are also explained in detail.
This book will be of great help to researchers and students in quantum computing, DNA computing, quantum-DNA computing, and DNA-quantum computing.
Author(s): Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 521
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Author
Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Introduction
Fundamentals of Multiple-Valued Quantum Molecular Biology
0.1. Introduction
0.2. Multiple-Valued Logic
0.3. Multiple-Valued Computing
0.4. Molecular Biology
0.5. Quantum Molecular Biology
0.6. Fundamental Operations of Multiple-Valued Quantum Computing
0.7. Quantum Ternary Logic
0.7.1. Why Ternary Logic in Quantum Computing?
0.8. Quantum Fundamental Gates in Multi-Valued Logic
0.8.1. Quantum Ternary Shift Gates
0.8.2. Quantum Ternary C2 NOT Gate
0.9. Quantum Multi-Valued Basic Logic Operations
0.9.1. Ternary Quantum-AND Operation
0.9.2. Ternary Quantum-NAND Operation
0.9.3. Ternary Quantum-OR Operation
0.9.4. Ternary Quantum-NOR Operation
0.9.5. Ternary Quantum XOR Operation
0.9.6. Ternary Quantum XNOR Operation
0.10. Fundamental Operations in Multiple-Valued DNA Computing
0.10.1. Ternary DNA-NOT Operation
0.10.2. Ternary DNA-AND Operation
0.10.3. Ternary DNA NAND Operation
0.10.4. Ternary DNA-OR Operation
0.10.5. Ternary DNA-NOR Operation
0.10.6. Ternary DNA-XOR Operation
0.10.7. Ternary DNA XNOR Operation
0.11. Summary
Bibliography
I. Multi-Valued Sequential Circuits in Quantum Molecular Biology
Overview
1. Multiple-Valued Sequential Circuits in Quantum Computing
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Multi-Valued Quantum D Flip Flop
1.2.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued D Flip Flop
1.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum D Flip-Flop
1.2.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum D Flip-Flop
1.2.4. Example
1.3. Multi-Valued Quantum SR Latch
1.3.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum SR Latch
1.3.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum SR Latch
1.3.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum SR Latch
1.3.4. Example
1.4. Multi-Valued Quantum SR Flip Flop
1.4.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum SR Latch
1.4.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum SR Flip Flop
1.4.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum SR Flip Flop
1.4.4. Example
1.5. Multi-Valued Quantum JK Flip Flop
1.5.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum JK Flip Flop
1.5.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum JK Flip Flop
1.5.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum JK Flip Flop
1.5.4. Example
1.6. Multi-Valued Quantum T Flip Flop
1.6.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum T Flip Flop
1.6.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum T Flip Flop
1.6.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum T Flip Flop
1.6.4. Example
1.7. Multi-Valued Quantum Shift Register
1.7.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum Shift Register
1.7.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum Shift Register
1.7.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum Shift Register
1.7.4. Example
1.8. Multi-Valued Quantum Ripple Counter
1.8.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum Ripple Counter
1.8.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum Ripple Counter
1.8.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum Ripple Counter
1.8.4. Example
1.9. Multi-Valued Quantum Synchronous Counter
1.9.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum Synchronous Counter
1.9.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum Synchronous Counter
1.9.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum Synchronous Counter
1.9.4. Example
1.10. Summary
Bibliography
2. Multi-Valued Sequential Circuits in DNA Computing
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Multi-Valued DNA D Flip Flop
2.2.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA D Flip Flop
2.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA D Flip Flop
2.2.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA D Flip Flop
2.2.4. Example
2.3. Multi-Valued DNA SR Latch
2.3.1. General Organization Multi-Valued DNA SR Latch
2.3.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA SR Latch
2.3.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA SR Latch
2.3.4. Example
2.4. Multi-Valued DNA SR Flip Flop
2.4.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA SR Flip Flop
2.4.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA SR Flip-Flop
2.4.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA SR Flip-Flop
2.4.4. Example
2.5. Multi-Valued DNA JK Flip-Flop
2.5.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA JK Flip Flop
2.5.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA JK Flip-Flop
2.5.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA JK Flip Flop
2.5.4. Example
2.6. Multi-Valued DNA T Flip-Flop
2.6.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA T Flip-Flop
2.6.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA T Flip-Flop
2.6.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA T Flip-Flop
2.6.4. Example
2.7. Multi-Valued DNA Shift Register
2.7.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA Shift Register
2.7.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA Shift Register
2.7.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA Shift Register
2.7.4. Example
2.8. Multi-Valued DNA Ripple Counter
2.8.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA Ripple Counter
2.8.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA Ripple Counter
2.8.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA Ripple Counter
2.8.4. Example
2.9. Multi-Valued DNA Synchronous Counter
2.9.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA Synchronous Counter
2.9.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA Synchronous Counter
2.9.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA Synchronous Counter
2.9.4. Example
2.10. Summary
Bibliography
3. Multi-Valued Sequential Circuits in Quantum-DNA Computing
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA D Flip Flop
3.2.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA D Flip-Flop
3.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA D Flip-Flop
3.2.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA D Flip-Flop
3.2.4. Example
3.3. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Latch
3.3.1. General Organization Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Latch
3.3.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Latch
3.3.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Latch
3.3.4. Example
3.4. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Flip Flop
3.4.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Flip-Flop
3.4.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Flip-Flop
3.4.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA SR Flip-Flop
3.4.4. Example
3.5. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA JK Flip-Flop
3.5.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA JK Flip-Flop
3.5.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA JK Flip-Flop
3.5.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA JK Flip-Flop
3.5.4. Example
3.6. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA T Flip-Flop
3.6.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA T Flip-Flop
3.6.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA T Flip-Flop
3.6.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA T Flip-Flop
3.6.4. Example
3.7. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Shift Register
3.7.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Shift Register
3.7.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Shift Register
3.7.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Shift Register
3.7.4. Example
3.8. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Ripple Counter
3.8.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Ripple Counter
3.8.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Ripple Counter
3.8.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Ripple Counter
3.8.4. Example
3.9. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Synchronous Counter
3.9.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Synchronous Counter
3.9.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Synchronous Counter
3.9.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Synchronous Counter
3.9.4. Example
3.10. Summary
Bibliography
4. Multi-Valued Sequential Circuits in DNA-Quantum Computing
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum D Flip Flop
4.2.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum D Flip Flop
4.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Using D Flip-Flop
4.2.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum D Flip-Flop
4.2.4. Example
4.3. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Latch
4.3.1. General Organization Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Latch
4.3.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Latch
4.3.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Latch
4.3.4. Example
4.4. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Flip Flop
4.4.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Flip Flop
4.4.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Flip-Flop
4.4.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum SR Flip-Flop
4.4.4. Example
4.5. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum JK Flip-Flop
4.5.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum JK Flip-Flop
4.5.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum JK Flip-Flop
4.5.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum JK Flip-Flop
4.5.4. Example
4.6. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum T Flip-Flop
4.6.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum T Flip-Flop
4.6.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum T Flip-Flop
4.6.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum T Flip-Flop
4.6.4. Example
4.7. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Shift Register
4.7.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Shift Register
4.7.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Shift Register
4.7.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Shift Register
4.7.4. Example
4.8. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Ripple Counter
4.8.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Ripple Counter
4.8.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Ripple Counter
4.8.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Ripple Counter
4.8.4. Example
4.9. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Synchronous Counter
4.9.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Synchronous Counter
4.9.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Synchronous Counter
4.9.3. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Synchronous Counter
4.9.4. Example
4.10. Summary
Bibliography
II. Multiple-Valued Memory Devices in Quantum Molecular Biology
Overview
5. Multiple-Valued Quantum Memory Devices
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Multiple-Valued Quantum Random Access Memory
5.2.1. Basic Definitions
5.2.2. Block Diagram
5.2.3. Architecture of Basic Components
5.2.4. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued Quantum RAM Memory
5.3. Multiple-Valued Quantum Read-Only Memory
5.3.1. Basic Definitions
5.3.2. Block Diagram of Multiple-Valued Quantum Read-Only Memory
5.3.3. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued Quantum ROM
5.4. Multiple-Valued Quantum Programmable Read-Only Memory
5.4.1. Basic Definitions
5.4.2. Block Diagram
5.4.3. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued Quantum PROM
5.5. Multiple-Valued Quantum Cache Memory
5.5.1. Basic Definitions
5.5.2. Block Diagram
5.5.3. Architecture of Basic Components
5.5.4. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued Quantum Cache Memory
5.6. Summary
Bibliography
6. Multiple-Valued DNA Memory Devices
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Multiple-Valued DNA Random Access Memory
6.2.1. Block Diagram
6.2.2. Architecture of Basic Components
6.2.3. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA RAM
6.2.4. Working Principle of Multi-Valued DNA RAM
6.3. Multiple-Valued DNA Read-Only Memory
6.3.1. Basic Definition
6.3.2. Block Diagram
6.3.3. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA ROM
6.3.4. Design Procedure
6.3.5. Working Principle
6.4. Multiple-Valued DNA Programmable Read-Only Memory
6.4.1. Basic Definitions
6.4.2. Block Diagram
6.4.3. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA PROM
6.4.4. Design Procedure
6.4.5. Working Principle
6.5. Multiple-Valued DNA Cache Memory
6.5.1. Block Diagram
6.5.2. Architecture of Basic Components
6.5.3. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA Cache Memory
6.5.4. Working Principle
6.6. Summary
Bibliography
7. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Memory Devices
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Random Access Memory
7.2.1. General Organization of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA RAM
7.2.2. Architecture of Basic Components of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA RAM
7.2.3. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA RAM
7.2.4. Working Principle
7.3. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Read-Only Memory
7.3.1. Basic Definitions
7.3.2. General Organization of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA ROM
7.3.3. Architecture of Basic Components of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA ROM
7.3.4. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA ROM
7.3.5. Working Principle
7.4. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Programmable Read Only Memory
7.4.1. Basic Definitions
7.4.2. General Organization of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA PROM
7.4.3. Basic Components of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA PROM Memory
7.4.4. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA PROM
7.4.5. Working Principle
7.5. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Cache Memory
7.5.1. General Organization of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Cache Memory
7.5.2. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Cache Memory
7.5.3. Working Principle
7.6. Summary
Bibliography
8. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Memory Devices
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Random Access Memory
8.2.1. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum RAM
8.2.2. Working Principle
8.3. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Read Only Memory
8.3.1. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum ROM
8.3.2. Design Procedure
8.3.3. Working Principle
8.4. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Programmable Read Only Memory
8.4.1. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum PROM
8.4.2. Design Procedure
8.4.3. Working Principle
8.5. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Cache Memory
8.5.1. Working Principle of Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Cache Memory
8.6. Summary
Bibliography
III. Multiple-Valued Programmable Logic Devices in Quantum Molecular Biology
Overview
9. Multiple-Valued Programmable Logic Devices in Quantum Computing
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Multiple-Valued Quantum Programmable Logic Array
9.2.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum PLA
9.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum PLA
9.2.3. Working Principle
9.3. Multiple-Valued Quantum Programmable Array Logic
9.3.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum PAL
9.3.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum PAL
9.3.3. Working Principle
9.4. Multi-Valued Quantum Field Programmable Gate Array
9.4.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum FPGA
9.4.2. Circuit Architecture of Basic Components
9.4.3. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum FPGA
9.4.4. Working Principle
9.5. Multi-Valued Quantum Complex Programmable Logic Devices
9.5.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum CPLD
9.5.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum CPLD
9.5.3. Working Principle
9.6. Summary
Bibliography
10. Multiple-Valued Programmable Logic Devices in DNA Computing
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Multiple-Valued DNA Programmable Logic Array
10.2.1. General Organization of Multiple-Valued DNA PLA
10.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA PLA
10.2.3. Working Principle
10.3. Multiple-Valued DNA Programmable Array Logic
10.3.1. General Organization Multiple-Valued DNA PAL
10.3.2. Architecture of Ternary DNA PAL
10.3.3. Working Principle
10.4. Multi-Valued DNA Field Programmable Gate Array
10.4.1. Architecture of Basic Components
10.4.2. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA FPGA
10.4.3. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA FPGA
10.4.4. Working Procedure
10.5. Multi-Valued DNA Complex Programmable Logic Devices
10.5.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA CPLD
10.5.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA CPLD
10.5.3. Working Procedure
10.6. Summary
Bibliography
11. Multiple-Valued Programmable Logic Devices in Quantum-DNA Computing
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Programmable Logic Array
11.2.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA PLA
11.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-valued Quantum-DNA PLA
11.2.3. Working Principle
11.3. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Programmable Array Logic
11.3.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA PAL
11.3.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA PAL
11.3.3. Working Principle
11.4. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Field Programmable Gate Array
11.4.1. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA FPGA
11.4.2. Working Principle
11.5. Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA Complex Programmable Logic Devices
11.5.1. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued Quantum-DNA CPLD
11.5.2. Working Principle
11.6. Summary
Bibliography
12. Multiple-Valued Programmable Logic Devices in DNA-Quantum Computing
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Programmable Logic Array
12.2.1. General Organization of Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum PLA
12.2.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum PLA
12.2.3. Working Principle
12.3. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Programmable Array Logic
12.3.1. General Organization of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum PAL
12.3.2. Circuit Architecture of Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum PAL
12.3.3. Working Principle
12.4. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Field Programmable Gate Array
12.4.1. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum FPGA
12.4.2. Working Procedure
12.5. Multi-Valued DNA-Quantum Complex Programmable Logic Devices
12.5.1. Circuit Architecture of Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum CPLD
12.5.2. Working Procedure
12.6. Summary
Bibliography
IV. Multiple-Valued Nano-Processors in Quantum Molecular Biology
Overview
13. Multiple-Valued Quantum Nano Processor
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Basic Definitions
13.3. Block Diagram of Complete 2-Qubit Ternary Nano Processor
13.4. Basic Components of Quantum Ternary Nano Processor
13.4.1. Quantum Ternary RAM
13.4.2. Quantum Ternary Instruction Register (IR)
13.4.3. Quantum Ternary Program Counter
13.4.4. Ternary 2-Qubit Incrementor
13.4.5. Ternary Quantum Decoder
13.4.6. Ternary Quantum ALU
13.4.7. Ternary Quantum Multiplexer
13.4.8. Ternary Quantum Accumulator
13.5. Applications
13.6. Summary
Bibliography
14. Multiple-Valued DNA Nano Processor
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Basic Definitions
14.3. Block Diagram of Ternary 2-Bit DNA Nano Processor
14.4. Basic Components of Ternary DNA Nano Processor
14.4.1. Ternary DNA RAM
14.4.2. Ternary 2-Bit DNA Instruction Register (IR)
14.4.3. Ternary DNA Program Counter
14.4.4. Ternary 2-Bit DNA Incrementor Circuit
14.4.5. Ternary DNA Decoder
14.4.6. Ternary DNA ALU
14.4.7. Ternary DNA Multiplexer
14.4.8. Ternary DNA Accumulator
14.5. Applications
14.6. Summary
Bibliography
15. Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA Nano-Processor
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Basic Definitions
15.3. Block Diagram of Complete Ternary 2-Qubit Quantum-DNA Nano Processor
15.4. Basic Components of Ternary Quantum-DNA Nano Processor
15.4.1. Quantum Ternary RAM
15.4.2. Ternary DNA CPU
15.5. Applications
15.6. Summary
Bibliography
16. Multiple-Valued DNA-Quantum Nano-Processor
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Basic Definitions
16.3. Block Diagram of Complete Ternary 2-Bit DNA-Quantum Nano Processor
16.4. Basic Components of Ternary DNA-Quantum Nano Processor
16.4.1. Ternary DNA RAM
16.4.2. Ternary Quantum CPU
16.5. Applications
16.6. Summary
Bibliography
Final Remarks
Index
