Multiple Biological Activities of Unconventional Seed Oils

Front Cover
Multiple Biological Activities of Unconventional Seed Oils
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
1 Unconventional oils production, utilization worldwide
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Oil production methods
1.3 Unconventional oil worldwide
1.4 Utilization of unconventional oil
1.4.1 Potential medicinal uses
1.4.2 Potential food uses
1.4.3 Potential cosmetic uses
1.4.4 Potential biodiesel fuels uses
1.5 Conclusion
References
2 Biological activities, definition, types and measurements
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of biological activities
2.2.1 Antimicrobial activity
2.2.2 Antibacterial and antifungal activity
2.2.3 Antioxidant activity
2.2.4 Antitubercular activity
2.2.5 Antiinflammatory activity
2.2.6 Anticancer activity
2.2.7 Antiaging
2.2.8 Antimalarial activity
2.2.9 Antiproliferative activity
2.2.10 Hypoglycaemic activity
2.2.11 Hypocholesterolemic activity
2.2.12 Antihypertensive activity
2.2.13 Antitumor activity
2.3 Conclusion
References
3 Biological activities and therapeutic effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil
Abbreviations
3.1 Botanical description, geographical distribution and traditional medicinal uses of Celastrus paniculatus
3.2 Chemical composition of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil
3.3 Biological activities and therapeutic effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil
3.3.1 Neuroprotective properties
3.3.2 Antifertility properties
3.3.3 Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties
3.3.4 Cosmeceutical and wound healing properties
3.3.5 Gastroprotective properties
3.4 Toxicological assessment of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil
References
4 Biological activities of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed oil
Abbreviations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nigella sativa seed and its chemical composition
4.3 Biological activities of Nigella sativa seed and its oil
4.3.1 Antioxidant properties
4.3.2 Antihyperlipidemic and antihypercholesteremic properties
4.3.3 Antihypertensive properties
4.3.4 Antidiabetic properties
4.3.5 Antiobesity properties
4.3.6 Antiinflammatory properties
4.3.7 Anticancer properties
4.3.8 Potential toxicity of Nigella sativa Oil
4.4 Conclusions and suggestions
References
5 Biological activities of Moringa seeds oil
Abbreviations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Phytochemistry
5.3 Botanical descriptions and geographical distribution
5.4 Cultivation for leaves and seed production
5.5 Seeds of Moringa species
5.6 Moringa seeds oil
5.6.1 Fatty acid composition
5.6.2 Oxidative stability
5.6.3 Sterol and tocopherol composition
5.6.4 Biological activities of Moringa seeds oil
5.6.4.1 Antimicrobial activity
5.6.4.2 Antifungal activity
5.6.4.3 Antioxidant activity
5.6.4.4 Antitubercular activity
5.6.4.5 Anticancer activity
5.7 Conclusion
References
6 Biological activities and antioxidant properties of Guizotia abyssinica (niger) seed oil
Abbreviations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Chemical composition and properties of Guizotia abyssinica seed
6.3 Fatty acid profile of Guizotia abyssinica oil
6.4 Phytochemicals in Guizotia. abyssinica
6.5 Bioactivities of Guizotia abyssinica seed
6.5.1 Tocopherols
6.5.2 Total phenolics
6.5.3 Total sterols
6.5.4 Total carotenoids
6.5.5 Vitamin K1
6.6 Effect of extraction solvent on bioactive composition and antioxidant activity
6.7 Biological activities of Guizotia abyssinica
6.7.1 Antimicrobial activity of Guizotia abyssinica seed
6.7.2 Antifungal activities of Guizotia abyssinica seed
6.7.3 Anticancer activity of Guizotia abyssinica seed
6.7.4 Antiinflammatory activity of Guizotia abyssinica seed
6.7.5 Antioxidant activity of Guizotia abyssinica
6.8 Other biological activities
6.9 Conclusion
References
7 Antimicrobial activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed oil
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Roselle distribution, ecology, and cultivation
7.3 Nutritional and phytochemical composition of Roselle
7.4 Uses of Roselle
7.5 Roselle seed oil
7.5.1 Physicochemical characteristics of Roselle seed oil
7.6 Microbiology of Roselle
7.7 Antimicrobial activity of Roselle
7.8 Conclusion
References
8 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Monechma ciliatum seed oil
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Monchema ciliatum (black mahlab)
8.3 Nutritional value and chemical composition of Monchema ciliatum
8.4 Antioxidant activity of Monechma ciliatum
8.5 Antimicrobial activity of Monechma ciliatum
8.6 Uterotonic property of Monechma ciliatum
8.7 Antimalarial activity of Monechma ciliatum
8.8 Anticancer activity
8.9 Cosmetical uses of Monechma ciliatum seeds and oil
8.10 Conclusion
References
9 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed and seedoil
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Botanical description
9.3 Chemical composition
9.4 Different uses of fenugreek
9.5 Fenugreek seed composition
9.6 Fenugreek seed oil composition
9.7 Fenugreek antioxidant activity
9.8 Antibacterial and antifungal effect of fenugreek oil
9.9 Conclusion
References
10 Antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and allelopathic activities of some cucurbit seed oils
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Antiinflammatory activities of some cucurbits oil
10.3 Overview of antimicrobial activity of cucurbits seed oil
10.4 Allelopathic activities of some cucurbits oil
10.5 Conclusion
References
11 Cucumis melo L. seed oil components and biological activities
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Botanical, morphology, and cultivation
11.3 Melon seed oil composition
11.3.1 Fatty acids
11.3.2 Vitamin E
11.3.3 Phytosterols
11.3.4 Phenolic compounds
11.4 Biological activities
11.4.1 Antioxidant activity
11.4.2 Antiinflammatory activity
11.4.3 Antimicrobial activity
11.4.4 Antihypercholesterolemic activity
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities of Citrullus colocynthis seed oil
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Colocynth seed chemistry
12.3 Biological activity of colocynth extracts
12.3.1 Antioxidant activity of colocynth seed oil
12.3.2 Antimicrobial activity of colocynth seed oil
12.3.3 Antidiabetic activity of colocynth seed oil
12.4 Conclusion
References
13 Antioxidant and pharmacological activity of Cucumis melo var. cantaloupe
Abbreviations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Botanical description, distribution, and cultivation regions of melon
13.2.1 Pulp
13.2.1.1 Nutritional composition
13.2.1.2 Bioactive composition
13.2.2 Peels
13.2.2.1 Nutritional composition
13.2.2.2 Bioactive composition
13.2.3 Seeds
13.2.3.1 Nutritional composition
13.2.3.2 Bioactive composition
13.2.3.3 Oils
13.3 Antioxidant and pharmacological properties
13.3.1 Leaves
13.3.2 Pulp
13.3.3 Peels
13.3.4 Seeds
13.4 Conclusions
References
14 Pumpkin seed oil components and biological activities
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Pumpkin botany
14.3 Composition of pumpkin seed oil
14.3.1 Fatty acid profile of pumpkin seed oil
14.3.2 Bioactive compounds of pumpkin seed oil
14.3.2.1 Tocopherols in pumpkin seed oil
14.3.2.2 Phenolic compounds in pumpkin seed oil
14.3.2.3 Carotenoids in pumpkin seed oil
14.3.2.4 Phytosterol and squalene in pumpkin seed oil
14.4 Antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic properties of pumpkin seed oil
14.4.1 Antimicrobial property of pumpkin seed oil
14.4.2 Antiinflammatory property of pumpkin seed oil
14.4.3 Antidiabetic property of pumpkin seed oil
14.5 Conclusion
References
15 Antioxidant and pharmacological activity of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed oil
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Significance of medicinal plants
15.3 Proximate chemical composition of watermelon
15.4 Minerals content
15.5 Fatty acids content
15.6 General phytochemical screening of the watermelon plant seeds
15.7 Antimicrobial activity of the watermelon plant
15.8 Conclusion
References
16 Rice bran oil main bioactive compounds and biological activities
Abbreviations
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Rice milling and by-products
16.3 Rice bran
16.4 Rice bran oil
16.5 Bioactive phytochemicals in rice bran oil
16.6 Role of bioactive components and activities
16.6.1 Antioxidant potential of rice bran oil
16.6.2 Hypercholesterolemia
16.6.3 Anticancer aspects
16.6.4 Antidiabetic properties of rice bran oil
16.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
17 Different biological activities (antimicrobial, antitumoral, and antioxidant activities) of grape seed oil
List of Abbreviations
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity
17.3 Antitumoral activity
17.4 Antimicrobial activity
17.5 Other potential biological activities of grape seed oil
17.6 Conclusions
References
18 Citrus seeds fixed oil, composition and its biological activities
18.1 Introduction
18.2 What are fixed oils?
18.3 Composition of citrus seeds fixed oil
18.4 Biological activities of citrus fixed seed oil
18.4.1 Antioxidant activity
18.4.2 Different biological activities
18.5 Conclusion
References
19 Biological activities of tea seed (Camellia oleifera Abel.) oil
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Chemical composition of tea seed oil
19.3 Biological activities
19.3.1 Improve lipid profiles
19.3.2 Ameliorate hypercholesterolemia-induced ocular disorder
19.3.3 Improve physical performance and prevent fat accumulation
19.3.4 Mediate hepatoprotective activity
19.3.5 Modulate gastrointestinal protective effect
19.3.6 Exert antihypertension effect
19.3.7 Serve as potential neuroprotective agent
19.3.8 Mediate antimicrobial activity
19.3.9 Exert bone-protective role
19.3.10 Exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
19.3.11 Suppress melanogenesis
19.3.12 Potential lactogenic effect
19.4 Concluding remarks and future trends
References
20 Biological activities of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) oil
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Biological activities of rubber seed oil
20.3 Conclusion
References
21 Biological activities of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pulp oil
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Pequi
21.3 Nutritional composition
21.4 Bioactive compounds of pequi
21.5 Pequi pulp oil
21.6 Biological activities of pequi pulp oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.)
21.7 Final considerations
21.8 Conclusion
References
22 Biological activities of Allanblackia (Allanblackia parviflora) oil
Abbreviations
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Ethnobotany
22.2.1 Vernacular names
22.2.2 Botanical description
22.3 Nutritional and chemical compositions of Allanblackia parviflora
22.3.1 Nutritional and chemical compositions of Allanblackia parviflora oil
22.3.2 Nutritional, mineral, and chemical compositions of Allanblackia parviflora seeds
22.3.3 Chemical compositions of Allanblackia parviflora leaves
22.3.4 Chemical compositions of Allanblackia parviflora stem
22.4 Biological activity of Allanblackia parviflora
References
23 Biological activities of pistachio (Pistacia vera) oil
Abbreviations
23.1 Introduction
23.1.1 Pistacia vera plant description and distribution
23.2 Pistacia vera chemical composition
23.3 Uses of Pistacia vera
23.4 Biological activities of Pistacia vera oil
23.4.1 Antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability
23.4.2 Scolicidal activity
23.4.3 Antileishmanial activities
23.4.4 Antiinflammatory properties
23.4.5 Anxiety and depressive-like behaviors
23.5 Biological activities of Pistacia vera by-products
23.6 Safety concern
23.7 Conclusion
References
24 Biological activities of argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil: Evidences from in vivo studies
24.1 Abbreviations
24.2 Introduction
24.3 Biological effects on human health
24.3.1 Clinical evidences
24.3.2 Preclinical studies and imminent developments of argan oil
24.4 Biological effects on animal health
24.5 Bioactive compounds contributing to the biological activity of argan oil
24.6 Safety and allergenicity of argan oil
24.7 Conclusion
References
25 Biological activities of evening primrose oil
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Biological activities
25.2.1 Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
25.2.2 Treatment of Mastalgia
25.2.3 Antiinflammatory activity
25.2.4 Antioxidant activity
25.2.5 Anticancer and antitumor activity
25.2.6 Preventing and treatment of pain
25.2.7 Antiulcerogenic effects
25.2.8 Thrombolytic activity
25.2.9 Antibacterial activity
25.2.10 Antidiabetic activity
25.2.11 Treatment against kidney disorders
25.2.12 Atopic eczema/dermatitis
25.2.13 Antineuropathic activity
25.2.14 Hypocholesterolemic activity
25.2.15 Antiretroviral activity
25.3 Conclusion
References
26 Biological activities of Sclerocarya birrea kernel oil
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Marula oil uses and biological activities
26.2.1 Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of marula oil
26.2.2 Antiaging activity of marula oil
26.2.3 The role of marula oil in protecting against environmental damage
26.3 Conclusion
References
27 Biological activities of Balanites aegyptiaca (Heglig) kernel oil
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Economic outlook of Balanites aegyptiaca
27.3 Balanites aegyptiaca different uses
27.4 Balanites aegyptiaca Heglig as a medicinal tree
27.5 Chemical composition of Balanites aegyptiaca Heglig
27.6 Balanites aegyptiaca seed composition
27.7 Balanites aegyptiaca kernel oil
27.8 Biological activities of Balanites aegyptiaca oil
27.9 Conclusion
References
28 Factors affecting the quality of produced unconventional seed oils
List of abbreviations
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Agricultural factors
28.3 Processing and handling of seed oils
28.4 Seed oil storage conditions
28.5 Quality characteristics
28.6 Fatty acid composition
28.7 Bioactive compounds
28.7.1 Tocochromanols
28.7.2 Phytosterols
28.7.3 Other bioactive compounds
28.7.3.1 Carotenoids and chlorophyll
28.7.3.2 Squalene
28.7.3.3 Phenolic compounds
28.8 Frying
28.9 Conclusions
References
29 Chemical and compositional structures (fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols) of unconventional seed oils and their biol...
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Pyrus glabra and Pyrus syriaca
29.2.1 Tocopherol composition
29.2.2 Biological activity of seed oils
29.2.3 Sterols
29.3 Chrozophora tinctoria
29.3.1 Fatty acid compositions
29.3.2 Tocopherol and sterols composition
29.3.3 Biological activity of seed oils
29.4 Pistacia spp
29.4.1 Fatty acid composition
29.4.2 Biological activity of seed oils
29.4.2.1 DPPH radical scavenging assay
29.4.3 Sterol composition
29.4.4 Tocopherols
29.5 Nigella sativa
29.5.1 Sterol composition
29.5.2 Tocopherols
29.5.3 Biological activity of seed oil
29.6 Cucurbita pepo
29.6.1 Fatty acid composition
29.6.2 Tocopherols
29.6.3 Sterols composition
29.6.4 Biological activity of seed oils
29.7 Lallemantia spp
29.7.1 Fatty acid composition
29.7.2 Tocopherols
29.7.3 Sterol composition
References
30 Chemistry and composition of coconut oil and its biological activities
List of abbreviations
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Varieties of coconut
30.3 Processing of coconut oil
30.3.1 Wet process
30.3.1.1 Prepare of raw material
30.3.1.2 Processing of milk
30.3.1.3 Separation cream (rich in oil)
30.3.1.4 Gradual heating
Heating milk
Heating oil
30.3.2 Dry process
30.4 Physico-chemical properties of coconut oil
30.5 Composition of coconut oil
30.5.1 Fatty acids composition
30.5.2 Micronutrient component of coconut oil
30.6 Virgin coconut oil composition
30.6.1 Lauric acid
30.7 Biological activities of coconut oil
30.7.1 Weight development of white rats
30.7.2 Cholesterol profile of white rat
30.8 Summary
References
31 Biochemistry, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) oil
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Fatty acid composition of hazelnut oils
31.3 Volatile composition and key odorants of hazelnut oil
31.4 Phenolic composition of hazelnut oils
31.5 Antioxidant properties of hazelnut oil
31.6 Antimicrobial activity of hazelnut oil
31.7 Conclusion
References
32 Production process, methods of extraction, and refining technologies of unconventional seed oils
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Production process
32.3 Methods of extraction
32.3.1 Solvent extraction of oil
32.3.2 Mechanical extraction of oil
32.3.3 Microwave-assisted extraction
32.3.4 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction
32.3.5 Supercritical fluid extraction
32.3.6 After extraction oil conditioning
32.4 Refining process and related technologies
32.4.1 Degumming
32.4.2 Neutralization
32.4.3 Bleaching
32.4.4 Deodorization
32.4.5 Oil modification technologies
32.5 Issues related to unconventional seed oil production for biological applications
32.6 Rural vegetable oil production
32.7 Transesterification for biodiesel production
32.8 Conclusions
References
Index
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