Multinational Business and Transnational Regions: A History of Energy Transition in the Rhine Region, 1945–1973

Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Transnational Economic Regions: Capturing an Illusive Phenomenon
Resurrecting the Rhine as an Economic Region
Energy Transition in the Rhine Region
Part I Regional Transformation: Energy Transition in the Rhine Region
1 The Post-War Reconstruction and the Rise of Oil, 1945–1951
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Question of Energy in Post-War Western Europe
1.3 The Impact of the Allied Occupation on the Ruhr Coal Industry
1.4 The Allied Refining Program: Restarting the Hydrogenation Plants
1.5 The Case of Union Kraftstoff
1.6 The Geographical Consequences of the Allied Occupation
1.7 Conclusion
2 Oil Unbounded: The Coal Crisis of 1957–1958
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Competition Between Coal and Oil, 1950–1955
2.3 The Rise of Fuel Oil and the 1958 Coal Crisis
2.4 Stemming the Tide: Attempts to Limit the Rise of Fuel Oil
2.5 Conclusion
3 The Growth of Chemical Clusters in the Rhine Region, 1960–1973
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Rhine-Ruhr Refineries
3.3 Deutsche Shell and Union Kraftstoff, 1951–1958
3.4 The Rhineland Refinery of Deutsche Shell
3.5 The Post-War Transition of the Chemical Industry
3.6 An Oil and Petrochemical Cluster in the Rhine-Ruhr Area
3.7 Effect of the Transition on Transport Demand in the Hinterland
3.8 Conclusions
Part II Regional Connections: From Rhine to Pipeline
4 Pipelines: The National Approach, 1955–1956
4.1 Introduction
4.2 A Pipeline to the Rhine-Ruhr Area
4.3 Rotterdam Competing With Wilhelmshaven
4.4 Wilhelmshaven: “The Best Deep Water Port in Europe”?
4.5 Conclusions
5 The Trans-European Pipeline: The Transnational Approach: 1956–1958
5.1 Introduction
5.2 From National to Transnational: The Trans-European Pipeline Plan
5.3 Further Complications
5.4 France, Oil and the Cold War
5.5 Endgame: The Failure of the Trans-European Pipeline
5.6 Why the Trans-European Pipeline Never Materialised
5.7 Conclusion
6 Expanding Transnational Connections, 1959–1973
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Hydrocarbon Hub: The Rotterdam Port Between 1950 and 1973
6.3 The Expansion of the Rotterdam-Rhine Pipeline, 1965–1968
6.4 The Rhine-Main Pipeline, 1965–1971
6.5 Integrating Chemical Clusters in the Rhine Basin, 1965–1973
6.6 The Rotterdam-Antwerp Pipeline, 1967–1969
6.7 Conclusion
7 Transnational Connections in the Rhine Region: Evidence From Transport Flows
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Gateway to the Rhine? Rotterdam From Transitopolis to Industrial Port
7.3 Oil Flows in the Rhine Region: The Impact of Pipelines
7.4 Transnational Connections
7.5 Conclusion
8 Conclusion
Primary Sources
Bibliography
Press Articles, Trade Journals and Company Publications
Statistical Material
Index