Multimaterial 3D Printing Technology

Title-page_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Techology
Multimaterial 3D Printing Technology
Copyright_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Techology
Copyright
Contents_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Techology
Contents
Preface_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Techology
Preface
Introduction_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Techology
Introduction
Chapter-1---Introduction_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Techology
1 Introduction
1.1 Heterogeneous object classification
1.1.1 Natural heterogeneous object
1.1.2 Artificial heterogeneous object
1.1.3 Mutated heterogeneous object
1.2 Characteristics and application of heterogeneous parts
1.2.1 Molecular heterogeneous parts
1.2.2 Functionally graded ceramics low-melting-point alloy materials
1.2.3 Parts with different porosity distribution
1.2.4 Functionally graded parts
1.3 Manufacturing technologies and equipment for heterogeneous material parts
1.3.1 Model design CAD for heterogeneous parts
1.3.2 Manufacturing process of heterogeneous parts
1.3.3 Prototyping technology of heterogeneous parts and prototyping equipment
1.3.3.1 Microdrop jetting UV-curable technique
1.3.3.2 Binder jetting technology (three-dimension printing)
1.3.3.3 Stereolithography technology
1.3.3.4 Direct energy deposition prototyping technology
1.3.3.5 Extrusion prototyping technology
1.3.3.6 Other new prototyping technologies
1.4 The structure of this book
References
Further reading
Chapter-2---Foundation-of-3D-printing-and-CAD-fil_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Prin
2 Foundation of 3D printing and CAD file formats used in the industry
2.1 Multimaterial 3D printing: how does it work?
2.2 Models and data formats for manufacturing heterogeneous objects
2.2.1 Data exchange standard of 3D geometric model files
2.2.1.1 Initial graphics exchange specification
2.2.1.2 Standard for the exchange of product model data
2.2.1.3 VRML
2.2.2 Data storage format for 3D printing
2.2.2.1 Stereolithography format
2.2.2.2 OBJ
2.2.2.3 Polygon file format
2.2.2.4 Additive manufacturing file format
2.2.2.5 3D manufacturing format
2.2.3 Stereolithography format and its refinement
2.2.3.1 Common vertex rules
2.2.3.2 Orientation rules
2.2.3.3 Value rules
2.2.3.4 Cover rules
2.2.3.5 Defects of the stereolithography file format and related solutions
2.2.3.5.1 Data redundancy
2.2.3.5.2 Lack of topology information
2.2.3.6 Refinement of stereolithography
2.2.4 Microtetrahedral model
2.2.4.1 Creation of microtetrahedron
2.2.4.2 Microtetrahedron creation process
2.3 Summary
Further reading
Chapter-3---Static-modeling-of-heterogeneo_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Te
3 Static modeling of heterogeneous objects
3.1 Static model
3.1.1 Voxel-based heterogeneous object modeling method
3.1.2 Heterogeneous object modeling method-based B-Rep
3.2 Acquisition of network nodes
3.2.1 Geometric contour representation and STL model refinement
3.2.2 Contour node acquisition
3.2.3 Network node acquisition based on microtetrahedron
3.3 Voxel-based modeling method
3.3.1 Acquisition of feature nodes
3.3.2 The definition of material feature node
3.3.3 Linear interpolation algorithm between nodes
3.3.4 Representation method for material distribution of heterogeneous objects
3.3.4.1 Interpolation algorithm for color information mapping of STL facets
3.3.4.2 Microtetrahedral model
3.3.4.3 Modified mesh subdivision
3.4 Contour-based modeling method
3.4.1 Linear interpolation
3.4.2 Color displacement method
3.5 Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter-4---Modeling-for-dynamic-heterogene_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-T
4 Modeling for dynamic heterogeneous objects
4.1 Feature description of material
4.1.1 Material model of heterogeneous object
4.2 Functional model of heterogeneous object
4.3 Voxel method
4.3.1 Voxelization of part models
4.3.2 Representation method of parts
4.4 Mapping of geometric structure and materials
4.4.1 Part material mapping
4.5 Multimaterial property representation method of parts
4.5.1 Representation method of slice material property
4.5.2 Extraction of feature nodes
4.6 Dynamic material change design
4.7 Voxel-based hybrid microtetrahedron
4.7.1 Edge partition
4.7.2 Algorithm implementation of material area reconstruction
4.8 Dynamic model example
4.9 Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter-5---Visualization-of-heterogeneous-o_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-
5 Visualization of heterogeneous object models
5.1 Discretization of objects
5.2 Color file format
5.2.1 Color PLY files
5.2.1.1 Data structure of PLY color model
5.2.1.2 Transformation of the color image
5.2.2 Color VRML 97 files
5.2.2.1 Color VRML 97 format
5.2.2.2 VRML 97 structure
5.2.2.3 Color storage information
5.2.2.3.1 Uniform coloring method
5.2.2.3.2 Surface coloring method
5.2.3 Color mapping of STL file
5.3 Visualization of material design
5.3.1 The mapping of materials and colors
5.3.2 Interpolation algorithm of function gradient materials
5.3.2.1 One-dimensional FGM property
5.3.2.2 Two-dimensional FGM Property
5.3.2.3 Three-dimensional FGM property
5.4 Material mapping visualization of color STL model
5.4.1 Material assignment of STL files
5.4.1.1 Local refinement
5.4.1.2 Color model building
5.4.2 Material mapping
5.5 Material mapping visualization of color microtetrahedron
5.5.1 Color mapping of the microtetrahedron
5.5.2 Mesh adaptive subdivision method of feature tree
5.6 Visualization examples
5.6.1 Heterogeneous object models containing multimaterials
5.6.2 Examples of hemispheric object
5.7 Summary
Further reading
Chapter-6---Materials-for-heterogeneous-obje_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-
6 Materials for heterogeneous object 3D printing
6.1 Overview of common materials for 3D printing
6.2 The design of 3D printing heterogeneous materials
6.2.1 Functionally graded material design
6.2.2 Composite material design
6.2.3 Hybrid multiphase material design
6.2.4 Biomimetic material design
6.3 Heterogeneous components for 3D printing
6.4 4D printing materials
6.4.1 Ionic polymer–metal composites
6.4.1.1 Introduction of polymer–metal composites
6.4.1.2 Production of polymer–metal composites
6.4.1.3 Application of polymer–metal composites
6.4.2 Bucky Gel
6.4.2.1 Introduction of Bucky Gel
6.4.2.2 Preparation and application of Bucky Gel
6.4.3 Dielectric elastomer material
6.4.3.1 Introduction of dielectric elastomer material
6.4.3.2 Production of dielectric elastomer material
6.4.4 Shape memory material
6.4.5 Intelligent hydrophilic material
6.5 Electrical and electronic material
6.5.1 Conductive silver ink
6.5.1.1 Introduction of conductive silver ink
6.5.1.2 Preparation of conductive silver ink
6.5.2 Conductive polylactic acid material
6.5.2.1 Introduction of conductive polylactic acid material
6.5.2.2 Preparation of conductive polylactic acid material
6.5.2.3 Testing of conductive polylactic acid material
6.5.2.4 Application of conductive polylactic acid material
6.5.3 Graphene ink
6.5.3.1 Introduction of graphene ink
6.5.3.2 Preparation of graphene ink
6.5.3.3 Application of graphene ink
6.5.4 Highly conductive graphene–polylactic acid
6.5.4.1 Introduction of conductive graphene–polylactic acid
6.5.4.2 Preparation of conductive graphene–polylactic acid
6.5.4.3 Testing of conductive graphene–polylactic acid
6.5.4.4 Application of conductive graphene–polylactic acid
6.5.5 Conductive carbon black composite
6.5.5.1 Introduction of new conductive carbon black composite
6.5.5.2 Preparation of new conductive carbon black composite
6.5.5.3 Application of new conductive carbon black composite
6.5.6 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene conductive composite
6.5.6.1 Introduction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/Choi  conductive composite
6.5.6.2 Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ABS conductive composite
6.5.6.3 Testing of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ABS conductive composite
6.5.6.4 Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ABS conductive composite
6.5.7 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polylactic acid composite
6.5.7.1 Introduction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polylactic acid composite
6.5.7.2 Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polylactic acid composite
6.5.7.3 Testing of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polylactic acid composite
6.5.8 Nanocopper-based conductive composite
6.5.8.1 Introduction of nanocopper-based conductive composite
6.5.8.2 Preparation of nanocopper-based conductive composite
6.5.8.3 Testing of nanocopper-based conductive composite
6.5.8.4 Application of nanocopper-based conductive composite
6.6 Biological 3D printing material
6.6.1 Research progress of biological 3D printing material
6.6.2 Artificial hip joint printing material
6.6.2.1 Requirements of the materials for artificial hip joint
6.6.2.2 Metal material for artificial hip joint
6.6.2.3 Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene material for the artificial hip joint
6.6.2.4 Cartilage tissue material for artificial hip joint
6.7 Summary of this chapter
References
Further reading
Chapter-7---3D-printing-technology-for-heter_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-
7 3D printing technology for heterogeneous parts
7.1 Prototyping methods for heterogeneous parts
7.1.1 Forming methods based on droplet jetting
7.1.2 Forming method based on photocuring
7.1.3 Forming method based on powder sintering
7.1.4 Forming method based on extrusion
7.1.5 Forming method based on energy deposition
7.1.6 Forming method based on ultrasound
7.1.7 Forming method based on wire arc cladding
7.2 CAD model data processing of heterogeneous parts
7.2.1 CAD model visualized operation of heterogeneous parts
7.2.2 CAD model slicing algorithm of heterogeneous parts
7.2.2.1 The query of facets where vertices locate
7.2.2.2 Triangular facet's adjacent facet
7.2.2.3 Acquisition of plane-based point data
7.2.2.3.1 Coordinate data
7.2.2.3.2 Color data
7.2.2.4 2D contour establishment
7.2.2.4.1 Contouring established according to topological relationship
7.2.2.4.2 Contour direction selection
7.2.3 Multidimensional slice of CAD model for heterogeneous parts
7.2.3.1 Forming and slicing method for one-dimensional gradient heterogeneous part
7.2.3.2 Forming and slicing method for two-dimensional gradient heterogeneous multimaterial parts
7.2.3.3 Forming and slicing method for three-dimensional gradient heterogeneous multimaterial parts
7.3 Heterogeneous part forming device based on digital microinjection process
7.3.1 Integrated process for design and manufacturing of heterogeneous parts
7.3.2 Digital nozzle control
7.3.3 Printing path planning for heterogeneous parts
7.3.3.1 Material partition
7.3.3.2 Material viscosity
7.3.3.3 Curing requirements
7.4 Heterogeneous part forming examples
7.4.1 CAD modeling of heterogeneous parts
7.4.2 Slicing of heterogeneous parts
7.4.2.1 Model processing
7.4.2.2 Convert RGB to CMYK model
7.4.3 Printing and forming of heterogeneous model
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter-8---Application-of-heterogeneous-parts_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printin
8 Application of heterogeneous parts based on 3D printing
8.1 Application in biomedical engineering
8.1.1 Medical engineering model
8.1.2 Biological tissues and organs
8.1.3 3D bioprinting of drugs
8.1.4 Printing of medical devices
8.1.5 Positive effects in the biological field
8.1.6 Negative effects in the biological field
8.2 Application in the defense engineering
8.2.1 Application in manufacturing of the aerospace equipment
8.2.2 Application in manufacturing of weapons
8.2.3 Application in manufacturing of the large military equipment components
8.2.4 Application in manufacturing of the miniature robots
8.2.5 Application in the military logistics support
8.2.6 Application in the industrial construction
8.3 Applications in the industrial manufacturing
8.3.1 Cemented carbide tools manufacturing
8.3.2 Piezoelectric devices manufacturing
8.3.3 High-temperature components manufacturing
8.3.4 Optical components manufacturing
8.3.5 Automobile manufacturing
8.4 Application in the manufacturing of functional parts
8.4.1 4D printing
8.4.2 Intelligent devices
8.4.3 Metamaterials 3D printing
8.4.4 Personalized clothing
8.5 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Index_2021_Multimaterial-3D-Printing-Techology
Index