Multiagent Systems

Contents in Brief......Page 8
Contents......Page 12
List of Figures......Page 28
List of Tables......Page 34
The Subject of This Book......Page 36
Readership and Prerequisites......Page 38
Structure and Chapters......Page 39
The Exercises......Page 40
How to Use This Book......Page 41
Acknowledgments......Page 42
Contributing Authors......Page 44
Part I. Agent Architectures and Organizations......Page 50
1. Introduction......Page 52
2. What Are Agents?......Page 53
3. Architectures for Intelligent Agents......Page 62
5. Exercises......Page 91
References......Page 94
1. Introduction......Page 100
2. Background......Page 102
3. Multiagent Organizations......Page 111
4. Institutions......Page 121
5. Agents in Organizations......Page 131
6. Evolution of Organizations......Page 134
7. Conclusions......Page 137
8. Exercises......Page 138
References......Page 141
Part II. Communication......Page 148
1. Introduction......Page 150
2. Conceptual Foundations of Communication in MAS......Page 155
3. Traditional Software Engineering Approaches......Page 157
4. Traditional AI Approaches......Page 163
5. Commitment-Based Multiagent Approaches......Page 167
6. Engineering with Agent Communication......Page 171
7. Advanced Topics and Challenges......Page 177
8. Conclusions......Page 179
Acknowledgments......Page 181
9. Exercises......Page 182
References......Page 185
1. Introduction......Page 192
2. Aspects of Negotiation......Page 193
3. Game-Theoretic Approaches for Single-Issue Negotiation......Page 195
4. Game-Theoretic Approaches for Multi-Issue Negotiation......Page 205
5. Heuristic Approaches for Multi-Issue Negotiation......Page 210
6. Negotiating with Humans......Page 214
7. Argumentation-Based Negotiation......Page 216
8. Conclusions......Page 218
9. Exercises......Page 219
References......Page 220
1. Introduction......Page 226
2. What Is an Argument?......Page 227
3. Evaluating an Argument......Page 230
4. Argumentation Protocols......Page 234
5. Strategic Argumentation and Game Theory......Page 239
6. The Argument Interchange Format......Page 250
Acknowledgment......Page 253
8. Exercises......Page 254
References......Page 255
Part III. Basic Coordination......Page 260
1. Introduction......Page 262
2. Preference Aggregation......Page 268
3. Voting......Page 275
4. Combinatorial Domains......Page 290
5. Fair Division......Page 296
6. Conclusion......Page 306
7. Exercises......Page 309
References......Page 315
1. Introduction......Page 334
2. Mechanism Design with Unrestricted Preferences......Page 335
3. Quasilinear Preferences......Page 340
4. Efficient Mechanisms......Page 345
5. Single-Good Auctions......Page 353
6. Position Auctions......Page 361
7. Combinatorial Auctions......Page 364
8. Conclusions......Page 367
9. Exercises......Page 369
References......Page 374
1. Introduction......Page 378
2. Definitions......Page 380
3. Solution Concepts......Page 384
4. Representation Formalisms......Page 392
5. Coalition Structure Generation......Page 401
7. Exercises......Page 421
References......Page 423
1. Introduction......Page 430
2. Computational Representation of Trust and Reputation Values......Page 431
3. Trust Processes in Multiagent Systems......Page 437
4. Reputation in Multiagent Societies......Page 445
5. Trust, Reputation, and Other Agreement Technologies......Page 456
6. Conclusions......Page 462
7. Exercises......Page 463
References......Page 464
Part IV. Distributed Cognitive Abilities......Page 470
1. Introduction......Page 472
2. Challenges in Multiagent Learning......Page 474
3. Reinforcement Learning for Multiagent Systems......Page 481
4. Evolutionary Game Theory as a Multiagent Learning Paradigm......Page 492
5. Swarm Intelligence as a Multiagent Learning Paradigm......Page 500
6. Neuro-Evolution as a Multiagent Learning Paradigm......Page 506
7. Case Study: Air Traffic Control......Page 509
9. Exercises......Page 517
References......Page 524
1. Introduction......Page 534
2. Characterizing Multiagent Planning and Control......Page 536
3. Coordination Prior to Local Planning......Page 537
4. Local Planning Prior to Coordination......Page 546
5. Decision-Theoretic Multiagent Planning......Page 561
6. Multiagent Execution......Page 576
7. Conclusions......Page 581
8. Exercises......Page 582
References......Page 588
1. Introduction......Page 596
2. Distributed Constraint Handling......Page 598
3. Applications and Benchmarking Problems......Page 600
4. Solution Techniques: Complete Algorithms......Page 603
5. Solution Techniques: Approximate Algorithms......Page 614
6. Solution Techniques with Quality Guarantees......Page 619
7. Conclusions......Page 626
8. Exercises......Page 627
References......Page 629
Part V. Development and Engineering......Page 634
1. Introduction......Page 636
2. From AGENT0 to Modern Agent Languages......Page 639
3. Abstractions in the MAOP Paradigm......Page 642
4. Examples of Agent Programming Languages......Page 645
5. Organization and Environment Programming......Page 658
6. Example of Full MAOP in JaCaMo......Page 669
7. Conclusions......Page 678
8. Exercises......Page 679
References......Page 682
1. Introduction......Page 690
2. Agent Specification......Page 693
3. From Specifications to Implementations......Page 705
4. Formal Verification......Page 708
5. Deductive Verification of Agents......Page 712
6. Algorithmic Verification of Agent Models......Page 716
7. Algorithmic Verification of Agent Programs......Page 725
8. Conclusions......Page 729
9. Exercises......Page 730
References......Page 732
1. Introduction......Page 744
2. Agent Concepts......Page 749
3. Running Example......Page 751
4. Requirements......Page 753
5. Design......Page 759
6. Detailed Design......Page 766
7. Implementation......Page 776
8. Assurance......Page 777
9. Software Maintenance......Page 783
10. Comparing Methodologies......Page 784
11. Conclusions......Page 785
12. Exercises......Page 789
Appendix: Agent UML Sequence Diagram Notation......Page 791
References......Page 793
Part VI. Technical Background......Page 808
1. Introduction......Page 810
2. Representing Cognitive States......Page 818
3. Representing the Strategic Structure of a System......Page 834
4. Conclusion and Further Reading......Page 846
5. Exercises......Page 848
References......Page 849
1. Introduction......Page 860
2. Normal-Form Games......Page 861
3. Extensive-Form Games......Page 877
4. Bayesian Games......Page 885
6. Exercises......Page 891
References......Page 896
Subject Index......Page 898