Mrunal Economy Handout

Mrunal_PCB3_Pillar1.pdf (p.1-210) !!AbAn!!
EF1A1_HDT_Money_Barter_to_Bitcoins_PCB3.pdf (p.1-29)
10 ?Economy Pillar #1-A1) Money: Barter to BitCoin
10.2 ?? Barter system & its disadvantages: (वस्तु विनिमय प्रणाली)
10.3 ?Money: Functions of (पैसे के कार्य)
10.5 ???? Redenomination: drop zeros, change name
10.5.1 ???? Iran = Toman to replace Iranian Riyal (2020)
10.6 ??Bank Money / Deposit Money
10.6.1 ?? Paper orders: Cheque, Demand Draft (DD)
10.6.2 ?? Cheque → NPCi’s Cheque Truncation System (CTS-2010)
10.6.3 ??? Cheque → Positive Pay Mechanism for Cheques
10.7 ??? Electronic Orders / Digital payment
10.7.1 ??CBS ( full form: Core Banking Solution / हिन्दी अनावश्यक)
10.7.2 ??Next Generation Treasury Application (NGTA), 2020-Oct
10.7.3 ?????♂️??Interoperability Problem (इंटरोऑपरेबिलिटी)
10.8 ??What is NPCi?
10.8.1 QR Codes: compulsory to implement UPI/Bharat QR from 2022
10.8.2 ?⚖️?? Perpetual Licence for Payment System Operators?
10.8.3 ?⚖️New Umbrella Entity (NUE) for Retail Payments System (2019)
10.8.4 ?? Google Gpay / Tez App
10.8.5 ?? Digital Payment- Misc: → Semi-closed PPI (2019)
10.9 ? Credit & Debit Cards (also called ‘Plastic Money’)
10.9.1 ? Card Types based on Security Features: (सुरक्षा प्रणाली के हिसाब से कार्ड के प्रकार)
10.9.2 ? ? Card Tokenization (RBI allowed it, 2019)
10.9.3 ? ? National Common Mobility Card (NCMC, 2019)
10.9.4 ? ? FASTag for paying toll fees at highways (2017)
10.9.5 ? ? ATM and its Types
10.10 ? MDR: Full form: Merchant Discount Rate (व्यापारिक छूट दर)
10.11 ???? ? Measures to promote Less-Cash Economy
10.11.1 ??? RBI’s Nandan Nilekani Panel (2019: Jan to May)
10.11.2 ?️♂️ ?? Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF) 2020-Jun
10.11.3 ?️♂️ ? ? Scheme of Offline Retail Payments Using Cards and Mobile Devices
10.11.4 ??? Payment and Settlement Systems in India: Vision 2019 – 2021
10.11.5 ???RBI Digital Payments Index (DPI: डिजिटल भुगतान सूचकांक)
10.12 ?️♂️ ? Digital Payment Regulatory bodies
10.12.1 ?️♂️ ? Digital Transactions Ombudsman (2019)
10.12.2 ?️♂️(Proposed) Payment Regulatory Board (PRB)
10.13 ?? Crypto-Currency & Blockchain Technology
10.14 ?? Cryptocurrency legal status: → India
10.14.1 ??? Cryptocurrency & India → RBI ban revoked by SC
10.14.2 India → ⚖️?? Banning of Cryptocurrency Bill, 2019
10.14.3 ?? Cryptocurrency usage outside India (विदेशों में क्रिप्टो मुद्रा का प्रयोग)
10.14.4 ??? Cryptocurrency → Stable-coins
10.14.5 ??? Cryptocurrency → Stable-coins → Facebook’s Libra
10.15 ??? Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
10.15.1 ???=??Benefits of CBDC (फायदे)
10.15.2 ???= ✋?Challenges of CBDC (चुनौतियां)
10.15.3 ???✍? CBDC: Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
10.16 ✍️Essay: Cashless Economy- Charms and Challenges
10.16.1 ✍️ Conclusion: Cashless Economy (निष्कर्ष)
10.16.2 ✍???1️⃣✋ Mock question for Mains/ESSAY
10.4 ? Money: Evolution & Types (मुद्रा की उत्क्रांति व् प्रकार)
10.4.1 ?Commodity Money / वस्तु मुद्रा (Intrinsic value: अंतर्भूत मूल्य? Yes)
10.4.2 ?Metallic Money / धातु मुद्रा (Intrinsic value? Yes)
10.4.3 ?Paper Money / कागजी मुद्रा (Intrinsic Value? No)
10.4.4 ?⚖️Legal Tender (वैधानिक निविदा)
10.4.5 ?? (New) Visually Handicapped (VH) friendly Coins, 2019-March
10.4.6 ????RBI’s App to help the blind identify currency notes
10.4.7 ? (NEW) Mahatma Series Currency Notes in India
10.4.8 ? “I promise to pay the bearer…”: Meaning of this promise?
10.4.8.1 ? Demonetization of Fiat Money (विमुद्रीकरण: Previously 1946, 1978)
EF1A2_HDT_RBI_Monetary_Policy_PCB3.pdf (p.30-65)
11 ?Money’s Demand, Supply & Creation
11.11 ? Demand of Money: Liquidity Preference Theory (तरलता अधिमान)
11.12 ??Supply of Money (मुद्रा की पूर्ति)
11.12.1 ???Measures of Money Supply (मुद्रा आपूर्ति के परिमाण)
11.13 ???Factors Affecting Money Supply [M1, M3]
11.13.1 ????Corona-2020 impact on Money Supply M0 and M3 as per ??ES21
11.14 ?? Creation of Money (मुद्रा का निर्माण)
11.15 ?⚡️Money Multiplier (मुद्रा गुणक)
11.15.1 ?⚡️Money Multiplier Before Corona as per 1212ES20
11.15.2 ?⚡️: ?Corona-2020 impact on money multiplier as per 1212ES21
11.15.3 ? Misc. topic: Velocity of Money Circulation (मुद्रा संचालन का वेग)
12 ?? Monetary Policy (मौद्रिक नीति)
12.11 ??? MonPolicy: Quantitative Tools (परिमाणात्मक साधन)
12.11.1 ?✂️Statutory Reserve Requirements: CRR, SLR (Fight inflation: ↑, deflation: ↓)
12.12 ??✂️? CRR, SLR: Development in Recent Years
12.12.1 ??✂️? (2016): Incremental CRR during Demonetization (नोटबंदीमे वृद्धिशील सीआरआर)
12.12.2 ??✂️? (2020-Feb) CRR Exemption for 5 yrs, depending on loans (सीआरआर में छूट)
12.12.3 ??✂️? (2020-Mar) CRR ⏬ from 4% to 3% in ?Atmanirbhar Bharat
12.12.4 ??✂️? (CRR Technical things NOTIMP
12.12.4.1 ?✂️? SLR reduction to 18% of NDTL
12.12.5 ??? MonPolicy → Quant Tools → Rates → Bank rate (बेंक दर):
12.13 ??? MonPolicy → Quant Tools → Rates → LAF Repo (2000)
12.13.1 (2020) ??:Repo Rate ⏬ to cheapen the loans & revive economy
12.13.2 (2020) ??Reverse Repo Rate cut & Policy corridor Changed asymmetrically
12.13.3 (2020) ??? Long Term Repo Operations (LTROs)
12.13.4 ????:Targeted Long Term Repo Operations (TLTRO: लक्षित दीर्घकालिक रेपो)
12.13.5 ?1TLTRO- Useless Doubts by novice students (बाबू-शोना /कच्चे खिलाड़ियों के फालतू प्रश्न)
12.13.6 ???? RBI’s special or flexible liquidity window to help MF
12.13.7 ??? MonPolicy → Quant Tools → Rates → MSF (2011)
12.13.8 MonPolicy → Quant Tools → ®️ Rates- associated terms
12.13.9 ??? Market Operations (OMO, MSS): (Inflation → Sell G-Sec, Deflation → Buy)
12.14 ????MonPolicy: Quantitative Tools → Operation Twist
12.14.1 ??: Security → Debt → G-Sec & Bonds (ऋण के लिए जारी की गई प्रतिभूतियां)
12.14.2 ??:?Corporate Bonds: factors that determine its interest rate
12.14.3 ??: ? Bond Yield (बांड में निवेश करने पर होने वाली आय या मुनाफा)
12.14.4 ??: ? Bond Yield ∝ 1/Price (सस्ते में खरीदा तो मुनाफा ज्यादा)
12.14.5 ??: ? Bond yield: other factors affecting it (अन्य कारक)
12.14.6 ????Operation Twist: why?
12.14.7 ????RBI’s Operation Twist: methodology (2019-Dec)
12.14.8 ✋? ??: ? Bond Yield & Inverted Yield Curve: Concepts with poor cost-benefit for exam
12.15 ??? Monetary Policy: Qualitative Tools (गुणात्मक साधन)
12.15.1 ?? Moral Suasion (नैतिक दबाव / सलाह) & Publicity (प्रचार)
12.15.2 ??? Direct Action (सीधी कार्यवाही: क्योकि लातो के भुत बातो से नहीं मानते)
12.15.3 ? Margin Requirements / Loan to Value (LTV) (सीमा अनिवार्यता)
12.15.4 Selective Credit Control (चयनात्मक ऋण नियंत्रण)
12.16 ??? Priority Sector Lending (PSL: प्राथमिकता क्षेत्र के लिए ऋण मानक)
12.16.1 ??? PSL Reforms-2020: on RRB/SFB/UCB?
12.16.2 ??? PSL Reforms-2020: Startups, Renewable Energy and Healthcare
12.16.3 ??? PSL Reforms-2020: Weightage to poor districts (गरीब/पिछड़े जिलों को भारांक)
12.16.4 ???:? Priority Sector Lending Certificates (PSLC) from 2016 onwards
12.17 ? ?? Monetary Policy Tools: A Ready Reckoner Table
12.18 ? Monetary Policy in Present-Day India
12.18.1 ? Monetary Policy Making under RBI Act since 2016
12.19 ? Review of Monetary Policies
12.20 ???RBI’s Monetary Policies: Corona MarchToApril’20
12.20.1 ?ATMANIRBHAR → Gist of RBI’s March2April 2020 Announcements:
12.20.2 ???RBI’s Monetary Policies: 2020-August
12.20.3 ???RBI’s Monetary Policies: 2020-October
12.20.4 Monetary Policy: 2020-December
12.20.5 Monetary Policy: Feb-2021 update
12.20.6 ✋? Monetary Policy bi-monthly announcements: ignored
12.21 ????? Banks’ Lending Rates % (बैंक ऋण की व्याज दरें)
12.21.1 ????? Bank’s loan interest rate: MCLR system(2016)
12.21.2 ????? Bank’s loan interest rate: External Benchmark (बाहरी बेंचमार्क)
12.21.3 ?Corona-2020 impact on Deposits interest rate & Loans interest rate as per 1212ES21
12.22 ? Limitations of Monetary Policy in India (मर्यादाए)
12.22.1 ✍️Conclusion / निष्कर्ष
12.22.2 ✍???1️⃣✋ Mock Questions for UPSC Mains/GSM3 (250 words)
EF1B1_HDT_Bank_Classification_PCB3.pdf (p.66-92)
13 ? Financial Intermediaries → Banks
13.11 ?? ₹ ? Banks → Reserve Bank of India (RBI): भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक
13.11.1 ? ₹ ? RBI Governor & Dy Governor
13.11.2 ? ₹ ? RBI Offices & Departments
13.11.3 ? ₹ ? RBI: Functions of
13.12 ? ?⚖️ Scheduled Banks (अनुसूचित बैंक)
13.13 ? ?⚖️FI( Commercial Banks( Pre-Independence
13.13.1 ? → ? Nationalization of Banks After Independence (आजादी के बाद निजी बैंकों का राष्ट्रीयकरण)
13.14 ? Golden Anniversary of nationalization- 1212ES20
13.14.1 ?> ?: Private sector banks are better than PSBs
13.14.2 ? = ? PSBs: reasons for inefficiency & remedies?
13.15 ? ?⚖️ ?Consolidation of PSBs [एकत्रीकरण]
13.15.1 ?Consolidation of PSBs → A) Merger (विलीनीकरण)
13.15.2 ?Consolidation of PSBs → B) Privatization (निजीकरण)
13.15.2.1 UTI Bank → ‘Privatization’ into Axis Bank (2007)
13.15.2.2 IDBI Bank → Purchased by LIC (2018)
13.15.3 PSB Privatization: Banking Investment Company (BIC-बैंकिंग निवेश कंपनी)
13.15.4 ??Anti-Arguments against Merger and Privatization of PSBs (विरोध में तर्क)
13.16 ? ?⚖️Commercial Banks ( Pvt. Sector Banks (PvB) निजी-क्षेत्र के बैंक
13.16.1 ? ?⚖️ ?? ‘On-Tap’ License to open Private Sector Banks (जब मन चाहे तब अर्जी डाल दो)
13.16.2 ? ?⚖️Steps or procedure to open a bank (एक बैंक स्थापित करने के की प्रक्रिया क्या है?)
13.17 ?? ?⚖️ ?? Allowing NBFC/Large Corporate to setup Banks
13.17.1 ?? ?⚖️ ??: 12 Arguments in Favour पक्ष में तर्क
13.17.2 ?? ?⚖️ ??: 12Arguments Against: विपक्ष में तक
13.17.3 ?? ?⚖️ ??: Conclusion? (निष्कर्ष)
13.18 ? ?⚖️ ? Commercial Banks ( Foreign Banks (विदेशी बैंक)
13.18.1 ? LVB merged with DBS (विलीनीकरण)
13.19 ? ?⚖️ ??Commercial Banks ( Differential Banks
13.19.1 ? ?⚖️ ?? Commercial Banks ( Differential Banks( RRB and LAB
13.19.2 ? ?⚖️ ??Commercial Banks ( Differential Banks ( SFB & PB
13.19.3 ? ?⚖️ ???? On-Tap Licenses for starting SFB
13.19.4 Commercial Banks → ?India Post Payment Bank (IPPB)
13.19.5 ? ⏳ (Proposed) Wholesale & Long Term Finance Banks (WLTF)
13.20 ? ??FI ( Banks ( Cooperative Banks (सहकारी बैंक)
13.20.1 ? ??? Cooperative Banks: Negative News (2019): PMC Bank
13.20.2 ⚖️???????Banking Regulation (Amendment) Ordinance/Act, 2020
13.20.3 ? ??Cooperative Banks: Kerala Bank (2019)
13.21 ???⚖️ Formal FI ( Non-Banking Financial Institutions
13.21.1 Development Finance Institutions (DFI)
13.21.2 DFI → NaBFID: National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development
13.21.3 ???⚖️Non Bank ( All India Financial Institutions (AIFI):
13.21.4 ???⚖️FI ( Non-Bank ( Primary Dealers (PD)- (प्राथमिक विक्रेता)
13.21.5 ???⚖️FI ( NBFCs (गेर-बैंकिंग वित्तीय कंपनिया)
13.21.6 ???⚖️ NBFCs Regulated by RBI ? (नियंत्रण/देखरेख)
13.21.7 ???⚖️ NBFCs Regulated by SEBI ? (?More in Pillar#1C)
13.21.8 ???⚖️ NBFCs Regulated by Others ?
13.21.9 ?(??): NBFC: Shadow Banking (आभासी / प्रतिछाया बैंकिंग प्रणाली)
13.21.10 ?NBFC-not allowed in India: Islamic Banking
13.21.11 ?????? Informal Financial Intermediaries (अनौपचारिक वित्तीय मध्यस्थ)
13.21.12 ✍️? Mock Questions for Mains
EF1B2_HDT_NPA_BadLoans_BASEL_PCB3.pdf (p.93-128)
14 ?? Bad Loans & Other Burning Issues in Banking
14.11 ?Types of loans: Based on Interest Rate
14.12 ?Types of loans: Based on Borrowers
14.13 ??Non-Performing Assets (अनर्जक परिसंपत्तियां)
14.13.1 ??-?-?-?NPA / TBS Problem: Three Stages of
14.13.2 ??NPA related definitions in Banking Sector
14.14 ???✋ ATMANIRABHAR → Loan/EMI/NPA relief / Moratorium
14.14.1 ???✋Loan Moratorium: how it benefits borrower (उधारकर्ता को फायदा)
14.14.2 ??:??✋ Loan Moratorium: Interest Relief Scheme (बकाया ब्याज के ऊपर चढ़ने वाले ब्याज पर रियायत)
14.15 ??? RBI “3R” Framework for Revitalizing Stressed Assets (2015-19)
14.15.1 ✔️Rectification (सुधार)
14.15.2 ⛏Restructuring (पुनर्गठन: ब्याज दर या कर्ज चुकाने की अवधि या मालिकी में बदलाव)
14.15.3 ? Recovery (वसूली)
14.15.4 ? ?RBI’s ‘Feb-12’ Circular (2018) & Prudential Framework (2019)
14.15.5 ? ?RBI’s KV Kamath Report Resolution Framework for Covid19-related Stress
14.16 ⚖️? SARFAESI Act 2002: Origin, Objective & Limitations
14.16.1 ⚖️???? Which lenders have SARFAESI powers?
14.16.2 ?⚖️ SC Judgement: Yes, Cooperative banks also have SARFAESI powers (2020)
14.16.3 ⚖️?: ??♂️Limitations of SARFAESI Act (मर्यादाए)
14.17 ⚖️?? Insolvency and Bankruptcy (I&B) Code 2016
14.17.1 ⚖️??: 1IBC Not applicable on following borrowers
14.17.2 ⚖️?? Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code Amendment (2018: संहिता संशोधन)
14.17.3 ⚖️?? IBC Code (first) Amendment Act (2019: संहिता संशोधन)
14.17.4 ⚖️?? IBC Code (second) Amendment Act 2019
14.17.5 ⚖️??:? IBC Pre-Packs (Proposed, yet to implement)
14.17.6 ⚖️??: ? IBBI directive on Avoidance Transaction and 500 other technical things
14.17.7 ?✋? (⚖️??) ATMANI → IBC Ordinance/Act 2020 to suspend new cases
14.17.8 ?️♂️(⚖️??) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI)
14.17.9 ?️♂️(⚖️??)Insolvency → Misc. Org: Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA)
14.17.10 ? Project Sashakt by Finance Ministry (2018)
14.17.11 ???? ATMA-NIRBHAR → Insolvency → Micro,Small,Medium Enterprises
14.17.12 (⚖️??)?? Cross-border Insolvency (सीमा-पार का दिवालियापन)
14.18 (⚖️??)? ? Economic Survey on IBC/NPA (आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण)
14.18.1 Economic Survey 2018-19 on IBC/NPA (released in 2019-July)
14.18.2 (⚖️??)1212Economic Survey 2020 on IBC/NPA (released in 2020-Jan-31st)
14.19 ??⚕️ ? ?:1212 ES21: Regulatory Forbearance (विनियामकी क्षमा/सहनशीलता)
14.19.1 ??⚕️ ? ? Regulatory forbearance: side-effects by prolonged use (लंबे समय तक उपयोग से हानियां)
14.19.2 ??⚕️ ? ? Regulatory forbearance: Policy Lesson for Post-Corona Recovery (नीति पाठ?)
14.20 ???? Borrowers’ Database & Surveillance (उधारकर्ताओं का डेटाबेज व् निगरानी)
14.20.1 ????-??ES20: Use AI-ML Technology
14.20.2 ????-?? ES20: setup PSBN Network
14.20.3 ????- ? RBI → Public Credit Registry (ऋण की सार्वजनिक रजिस्ट्री)
14.20.4 ????- ? Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) Number: (कानूनी इकाई पहचान संख्यांक)
14.21 ????- ⚖️ Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018
14.22 ?️♂️ ? ?? DICGC Act: Objective & Limitations
14.22.1 ?️♂️ ? ??- ? Limitation of DICGC (मर्यादाएँ)
14.23 ??(? ??) A Bad Bank called “PARA”- Suggested by 1212ES17
14.23.1 ??(? ??) Bad Bank called ARC/AMC- Announced by 12Budget-2021
14.24 ?????✋? Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) Framework
14.24.1 ?????✋? Supervisory Action Framework for UCBs
14.24.2 ?ATMANI → ???✋? RBI orders bank to halt Dividend Distribution
14.25 ???♀️ BASEL-III Norms (बेसेल-3 मानदंड)
14.25.1 ???♀️ D-SIB: Domestic Systematic Important Banks
14.26 ??: BASEL Norms deferred in Corona
14.26.1 ??? BASEL Norms: RBI deferred some norms
14.26.2 ??? BASEL Norms: Switzerland’s body deferred some norms
14.27 ??? Banks’ Balance sheet / Audit Norms (तुलन पत्र लेखा परीक्षण)
14.27.1 ??? IndAS Accounting Norms deferred (लेखा मानदंड स्थगित/टाल दिये)
14.27.2 ???:?Revised Long Format Audit Report
14.28 ???♀️? Recapitalization of PSBs: [सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के बेंको का पुन:पूंजीकरण]
14.29 ??♂️Banking Sector: Governance / Administrative Reforms
14.29.1 ??♂️Gyan-Sangam-I, 2015, Pune
14.29.2 ??♂️PSB Banking Personnel → Bank Board Bureau (BBB), 2016
14.29.3 ??♂️PSB Banking Personnel Reforms→ 1212ES20 suggestions Vol1Ch7 (50 years anniversary)
14.29.4 ??♂️Enhanced Access and Service Excellence (EASE) Agenda 2018
14.29.5 ??♂️Ease 3.0: Tech-Enabled Banking (2020-21)
14.29.6 ✍️ Conclusion for public sector banks? (सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के बैंकों के बारे में निष्कर्ष)
14.30 ???? Negative News → Yes Bank and AT1 Bonds (2020)
14.30.1 ?? ?️♂️ BASEL-III norms: Capital Tiers
14.30.2 ????♂️Additional Tier 1 (AT1) Bonds
14.30.3 Zero Coupon Bonds for PSB recapitalization
14.31 ??: ?(??) NEGATIVE News: ILFS & Shadow Banking
14.31.1 ?(??) NBFC: Shadow Banking (आभासी / प्रतिछाया बैंकिंग प्रणाली)
14.31.2 ?(??) Shadow Banks → IL&FS & NBFC Liquidity Crisis
14.31.3 ? ATMANIRBHAR → ?: ?(??) RBI Helping NBFCs/ Shadow Banking industry
14.31.4 ? ATMANI → ???? Partial Credit Guarantee Scheme (PCGS) 2.0
14.31.5 ? ATMANI → ???? Special Liquidity Scheme for NBFC/HFC (खास तरलता योजना)
14.31.6 ? ATMANI → ???? Credit Guarantee Enhancement Corporation
14.31.7 ?(??)??Shadow Banking → other Remedies by Govt post-ILFS crisis
14.31.8 ?(??) ?? Shadow Banking → Remedies by RBI
14.31.9 ?(??) ?1212 Shadow Banking → Remedies by SEBI
14.31.10 ?(??) ?1212 Shadow Banking → Remedies suggested by ES20
14.31.11 ??⛱ NBFC-Negative News (2019): Thomas Cook NBFC closure in UK
14.32 ??? Negative News: PNB, LoU, SWIFT, & Nirav Modi
14.32.1 ?Financial Messaging Systems
14.33 ???? RBI Dividend, Reserves, Economic Capital Framework
14.33.1 ????? RBI’s Bimal Jalan panel (2018-Nov)
14.33.2 ? RBI’s Financial / Accounting Year (वित्तीय वर्ष में बदलाव)
14.33.3 ???Section-7 Directive & Urjit Patel’s Resignation (इस्तीफा)
14.33.4 ???? Section-7 of RBI Act
14.34 ✍?? Mock Question for Mains GSM3 (250 Words Each)
EF1C_HDT_SHAREMARKET_PCB3.pdf (p.129-165)
15 ???Pillar#1C: SEBI-Share Market
15.1 ?Securities (प्रतिभूति)
15.2 ? ?Financial / Securities market: meaning and types
15.3 ?? Debt Instruments (ऋण उपकरण)
15.3.1 ??⏰Short term debt instruments (लघु अवधि ऋण उपकरण )
15.3.2 ??⏰:?Short term debt instruments → by Government
15.3.3 ??⏰: ?? ??? Short term debt instruments → by Govt → WMA
15.3.4 ???? Consolidated Sinking Fund (CSF) for State Govts’ repayment
15.3.5 ??⏰Short term debt instruments → by borrowers other than Govt
15.3.6 ??⏰Debt → Interest Rate Benchmarks: LIBOR, MIBOR, MIFOR
15.4 ??? Long Term Debt Instruments (दीर्ध-अवधि ऋण- उपकरण)
15.4.1 ????Colonial era Govt. to borrow money
15.4.2 ????Modern day Government to borrow money
15.4.3 ???Bonds by Modern day Govt. to curb Gold Consumption
15.4.3.1 ???? Inflation Indexed Bonds (IIB-मुद्रास्फीति सूचकांकित बांड)
15.4.3.2 ???? Sovereign Gold Bond (2015: संप्रभु स्वर्ण बांड)
15.4.4 ?????✈️ Long term debt instruments by Companies
15.4.5 ???Long Term Debt Instruments: Other issuers
15.4.6 ???Long Term Debt Instruments: Masala, Maharaja, Panda Bond
15.4.7 ??? Long Term Debt Instruments: Other Special purpose Bonds
15.4.8 ?(??)⏳Electoral bonds (चुनावी बांड, 2017 )
15.4.9 ??: ? Bond Yield, Yield Inversion, Negative Yield
15.5 ⚖️? Equity Instruments (इक्विटी)
15.6 ⚖️? Methods of Issuing Shares
15.6.1 ⚖️? IPOs- Big sized IPOs in recent years
15.6.2 ⚖️? ? IPO → Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC)
15.6.3 ⚖️? ? ADR/GDR: Shares in Videshi locker
15.6.4 ?⚖️? ? ATMANIRBHAR reforms in ADR/GDR/BharatDR
15.6.5 ?? Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
15.7 ? Stock Exchanges / Secondary Market: meaning & examples
15.7.1 ?12 Secondary Market: Significance? (द्वितीयक बाजार का महत्व)
15.7.2 ?? DEMAT Account
15.7.2.1 ?? ISIN Number
15.7.3 ??♂️? Types of Investors: Depending on Buying Capacity
15.7.4 ??♂️? Types of Investors: Depending on Buying Behaviour
15.8 ? SENSEX & other Notable Indices (उल्लेखनीय संकेतक/ सूचकांक)
15.8.1 ??:??♂️⚖️?⚖️ Force Majeure (अभेद्य शक्ति)
15.9 ??? SENSEX: Impact of Corona
15.9.1 ??? Share Market: Impact of Bond Yield
15.10 ??Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
15.10.1 ?⚖️?Securities Market Code & Investor charter (निवेशक अधिकार पत्र)
15.10.2 ??: ? SEBI: why protect investors & ⏫investors participation?
15.10.3 ?? (Full) Budget 2019: measures to ⏫ retail investors participation
15.10.4 ??: ? SEBI Reforms to boost investors’ confidence?
15.10.5 ? (?⏱:??) Algo Trading & Co-Location
15.11 ? (??) Bond Market Reforms
15.11.1 ? (??: ???) Unified Bond Market (एकीकृत बॉन्ड बाजार)
15.11.2 ? (??: ???) Deepening of G-Sec market- Direct Retail participation @RBI
15.11.3 ? (??: ???) Bond Buying Institution in ?Budget-2021
15.12 ???? Commodity Market, FMC, SEBI merger
15.12.1 ????Commodity Market: Gold exchanges & ?Budget-2021
15.13 ??♀️ Related Bodies with similar sounding names
15.14 ? ??♂️ ?? Investment Funds → Mutual fund (MF) for aam-aadmi
15.14.1 ? ??♂️ ?? Mutual fund → SIP, ELSS, ULIP
15.14.2 ? ??♂️ ?? Mutual fund → ? Mutual fund risk-o-meter
15.15 ? ??♂️ ?? Investment Funds → Hedge Fund (हेज फण्ड) for rich-aadmi
15.16 ? ??♂️ ?? Investment Funds → Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF: संप्रभु धन कोष)
15.17 ? ?? ? ? Investment Funds → REITs / InvITs: for rich-aadmi
15.18 ? ? Investment Funds → CPSE-Exchange Traded Funds (ETF: ईटीएफ)
15.18.1 (??)?: (???) Bharat Bond (Debt) ETF (2019-Dec)
15.18.2 (??)?: (???) CPSE-ETF vs Mutual Fund
15.19 ? Investment Funds → Alternative Investment Funds (AIF)
15.19.1 (??):(??) Govt’s AIF for Real Estate Sector (2019)
15.20 ? ⏱ Forward / Future Contracts & Call / Put Option
15.21 ? ? Derivatives & Swaps (व्युत्पन्न प्रतिभूतियां और अदला-बदली)
15.21.1 ??: ??? Bilateral Netting of Qualified Financial Contracts Act 2020
15.21.2 ??? Participatory notes (P-Notes: पार्टिसिपेटरी नोट्स)
15.21.3 ✍️ Conclusion: Financial Markets- वित्तीय बाजारों के बारे में निष्कर्ष
15.22 ?? Company types
15.22.1 ?Company types based on incorporation
15.22.2 ?? Company types based on number of members
15.22.3 ?? Company types based on Ownership
15.22.4 ?? Company Types: Misc.
15.22.5 ?? Corporate Governance → Small Companies given compliance relief
15.22.6 ?? Commercial Organizations: Other Types
15.22.7 ??? 1C: Corporate Governance → LLP settlement Scheme 2020
15.23 ? Statutory bodies in Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)
15.23.1 ? ?⚖️ Competition Commission of India (भारतीय प्रतिस्पर्धा आयोग)
15.23.2 ? ?⚖️ Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI)
15.23.3 ??⚖️ Ministry of Corporate Affairs also associated with:
15.24 ?♀️? Corporate Governance (कॉर्पोरेट शासन)
15.24.1 ?♀️? Corporate Governance: notable Committees
15.24.2 ?(??)CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility (कॉर्पोरेट सामाजिक जिम्मेदारी)
15.24.3 ????⚖️ ATMANI: Corporate Governance → Companies Act relaxed
15.24.4 ✍️ Conclusion: Corporate Governance- निष्कर्ष
15.24.5 ✍️? Mock Questions for Mains (GSM3/250 Words Each)
EF1D_HDT_Insurance_Pension_PCB3.pdf (p.166-210)
16 ⚰️Insurance (बीमा): Meaning and Significance
16.11.1 Insurance Principles (सिद्धान्त: hindi not required but understand gist for case studies)
16.12 ⚰️? History of insurance in India (भारत मे बीमा कं. का इतिहास)
16.13 ⚰️?Life Insurance (जीवन बीमा)
16.13.1 ⚰️? ? Life Insurance → notable entities in public sector (सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के जीवन बीमा संस्थान)
16.13.1.1 ⚰️? ? Post Office Life Insurance
16.13.2 ⚰️?? ? Life Insurance Corporation of India (1956)
16.13.3 ⚰️?? ? LIC’s Disinvestment (2020, विनिवेश)
16.13.4 ⚰️???? LIC- Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY):
16.13.5 ?⚰️PM schemes for Life Insurance & Accidental (Gen) insurance
16.14 ⚰️ ???General Insurance (सामान्य बीमा)
16.14.1 ⚰️?? ? Public Sector General Insurance Entities: Timeline (समय रेखा)
16.14.2 ?(???) Employees' State Insurance Corporation
16.14.3 ??⚰️Gen Insurance → Corona Warrior ₹50 lakh cover (2020-March)
16.15 ? Gen → Health Insurance Schemes (स्वास्थ्य बीमा योजनाएं)
16.15.1 ? ?: ?Arogya Sanjeevani Policy (2020)
16.15.2 ⚰️ ?: ?SARAL JEEVAN BIMA-Standardized term Life Insurance policy
16.15.3 ??Gen→ Health Insurance → Corona Kavach vs Rakshak
16.15.4 ?♿️ Niramya Health Insurance for PH. 1OLD SCHEME DONOT-LOOSE-SLEEP
16.15.5 ?? Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY: 2008)
16.15.6 ??: ?Why public health insurance for poor people? (गरीबों को सरकारी स्वास्थ्य बीमा क्यों दिया जाए)
16.15.7 ??5️⃣L /?/? Ayushman Bharat / PM Jan Aroyga Yojana (PMJAY)
16.15.7.1 ???5️⃣L /?/? PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY, 2018)?
16.15.8 PM-JAY Sub-schemes
16.15.8.1 PMJAY → National Health Authority (राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य प्राधिकरण)
16.15.8.2 PMJAY → State Health Agency (SHA)
16.15.8.3 ?Budget-2020 on Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY
16.15.8.4 ?♂️ PMJAY → Challenges? (चुनौतियां)
16.15.8.5 1212ES21 on PM-JAY (कुल मिलाकर घी-दूध की नदियां बह रही है-आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण)
16.15.8.6 ✍? Conclusion: PM-JAY (निष्कर्ष)
16.16 ⚰️ ??? General Insurance → other than Health Insurance
16.16.1 ?⚰️? Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (2016)
16.16.2 ?⚰️? PM-FBY (2.0) revamped in 2020
16.16.3 ?⚰️? Other Agriculture Insurance Schemes?
16.16.4 ⛴?(???) Insurance to Banks on Exporters’NPA → NIRVIC Scheme (2019)
16.16.5 ?? Third Party Motor Insurance (थर्ड पार्टी मोटर इंश्योरेंस)
16.16.6 ?? Own Damage Insurance (OD: मोटर संबंधित स्वयं के नुकसान का बीमा )
16.16.7 ?⚖️?Title Insurance (जमीन / इमारत का टाइटल बीमा)
16.16.8 ?⚖️?Clinical Trial Liability Insurance
16.16.9 ???? Bharat Griha Raksha & other: Standardized home/factory insurance policies
16.16.10 ??(Proposed) Catastrophe Insurance (आपदा बीमा)
16.16.11 ?? Catastrophe Bonds, Surety Bonds:
16.16.12 ??General Insurance → Cyber Insurance (साइबर बीमा)
16.16.13 ?eIA: e-Insurance account
16.17 ⚰️↗️⚰️Re-insurance (पुनर्बीमा)
16.18 ⚰️?️♀️IRDAI: the insurance sector regulator (बीमा क्षेत्र नियंत्रक)
16.19 ⚰️? Challenges to insurance industry (चुनौतियां)
16.19.1 Insurance progress indicators (बीमा प्रगति संकेतक)
16.19.2 FDI limits in Insurance sector? (बीमा क्षेत्र मे प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश की सीमा)
16.19.3 Should we ⏫ FDI beyond 49% in insurance companies? (क्या सीमा बढ़ाए?)
17 ?? → ?? (??) PENSION (पेंशन)
17.11 ??? Employee Provident Fund Org. (कर्मचारी भविष्य निधि संगठन)
17.11.1.1 EPF Commutation (2020)
17.11.2 ????? (2016) Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (Labour Min)
17.11.3 ?ATMANI Reforms in EPFO ????? (March to August)
17.11.4 ?Atmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana= Subsidy from Central Govt in EPFO contribution
17.11.5 ?MORAL OUTRAGE Q: “why not merge EPFO with ESIC!!? ”
17.12 ??→??Pension for Govt Employees & Middle Class? = NPS
17.12.1 1Old Pension Scheme (OPS) will not be re-introduced says Govt in Lok Sabha
17.12.1.1 ??? → ?? Jeevan Pramaan (2014)
17.13 ??→??Pension for Senior Citizens WITH CAPACITY to Invest?
17.13.1 Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (2017-DFS, LIC)
17.14 ???→??Pension for Poor People WITH capacity to INVEST?
17.14.1 ?? → ???: ? Pension: Three Maan Dhan Yojanas
17.14.2 ?MORAL OUTRAGE Q.: “why not merge all these schemes into one!??
17.15 ?♂️→?? Pension for Poor People WITHOUT capacity to INVEST?
17.16 ????♀️ PFRDA, the Pension Funds’ Regulator
17.16.1 Separation of PFRDA and NPS Trust
17.17 ???Social Security for Overseas Indians (Pension / Insurance)
17.17.1 ???Mahatma Gandhi Pravasi Suraksha Yojana, 2012 to 2017
17.17.2 ???Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana, 2017
18 (??????:?)→?Financial Inclusion (वित्तीय समोवेशन)
18.11 (??????:?)→? Fin. inclusion: Bank accounts for Everyone
18.11.1 ?(??????:?)→? Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (प्रधान मंत्री जन धन योजना)
18.11.2 ?? Jan Dhan Darshak App (2018)
18.12 (??????:?)→ ? Fin inclusion: Investments other than Bank
18.12.1 ? (Yearbook) Dept of Post: POSB vs IPPB
18.12.2 (??:?)→(??:?)Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (2015)
18.12.3 ⚖️Proposed Government Savings Promotion Act (in 2018)
18.12.4 (??????:?)→ ? Chit Funds and Prize Chits
18.12.4.1 (??????:?)→ ? Chit Funds (Amendment) Act, 2019
18.12.5 ?? Chit Fund Scams? धांधली/ गबन / काण्ड
18.12.5.1 ⚖️ ?? Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Act, 2019
18.13 ?????? ←(??) Financial inclusion: Credit (Loans: ऋण)
18.13.1 ??????: ? ←(??) Credit Guarantee (ऋण अदायगी गारंटी)
18.13.2 (??)↗️?=(??) Refinance (पुनर्वित्त)
18.13.3 ? ??? MSME: Definition changed in ATMANIRBHAR (2020)
18.13.4 ?? ??? MSME Non-NPA borrower → ECLGS 1.0
18.13.5 ?? ??? MSME Non-NPA borrower → ECLGS 2.0 (Atma-Nirbhar 3.0)
18.13.6 ????? MSME NPA borrower → Subordinate Debt (गौण ऋण)
18.13.7 ????? MSME Loans: FM tells Bankers not to fear 3C
18.13.8 ????? MSME → Equity infusion via Fund of Funds (निधियो की निधि)
18.13.9 ???⚖️??? NBFC → Mudra (2015, 100% SIDBI subsidiary)
18.13.10 ?? ??? Mudra Loans → Shishu Loans pe 2% Interest subvention
18.13.11 ⏰? psbloansin59minutes.com (2018)
18.13.12 ?♀️Stand Up India Scheme, 2016 (उत्तिष्ठ भारत)
18.13.13 ?Self-help group (स्व-सहायता समूह) → Credit
18.13.14 ???Street vendors’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi Scheme (SVANidhi)
18.13.15 ???? Kisan Credit Card (1998)
18.13.16 ??????: ? ←(??) Interest Subvention (ब्याज सहायता)
18.13.17 ??PaiSA Portal (2018)
18.14 ????Farm Loan Waiver (कृषि ऋण माफी)
18.14.1 ????Agri-Finance → Loan waivers for the farmers
18.14.2 ????=?Agri-Finance → Farm loan waivers: arguments in favour
18.14.3 ????=?Agri-Finance → Farm loan waivers: arguments against
18.14.4 ????=?☠️Anti-Argument: Loan waiver will not stop farmer suicide
18.14.5 ???? ✍️ Farm Loan Waiver: Conclusion
18.14.6 ??? Atma-Nirbhar Farm Loan Reforms (2020)
18.15 ⚰️?? Financial inclusion: Insurance & Pension
18.15.1 ⚰️? Micro Insurance (सूक्ष्म बीमा)
18.15.2 ??? Gig Workers’ social security code (गिग कर्मी की सामाजिक सुरक्षा संहिता)
18.15.3 ?ATMANIRBHAR → ?♂️Workers’ Social security (2020)
18.16 ??????: ?️♀️Financial Inclusion: Customer Protection (ग्राहक सुरक्षा)
18.16.1 ?RBI’s 3 Ombudsman (ओमबड्समेन/ शिकायत निवारण अधिकारी)
18.17 ???Financial Inclusion: India’s Performance (भारत का प्रदर्शन)
18.17.1 ?? Global Microscope Report
18.17.2 ?? Global Findex Database 2017: (released in 2018, April)
18.17.3 ?? (India’s own) Financial Inclusion Index by DFS
18.17.4 ?? (India’s own) RBI’s National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI)
18.18 ✍?? Mock Questions for Mains (250 words Each)
Mrunal_PCB3_Pillar2.pdf (p.211-364) !!AbAn!!
EF2A1_HDT_Budget_Direct_Taxes_PCB3.pdf (p.1-28)
20 ?? Pillar #2: Budget: Relevance in UPSC?
20.1 ? Fiscal Policy (राजकोषीय नीति): Meaning & significance
A well planned Fiscal Policy can help in following arenas:
20.2 ? Budget (बजट): Meaning
20.2.1 ?Three Funds related to Budget (Self-Study= Laxmikanth ch. on Parliament)
20.2.2 ??Donation Funds: PMNRF vs PM CARES (दान)
20.2.3 ?? Three Documents related to Budget
20.3 ???SIX Stages of Passing the Budget in Parliament
20.3.1 ?Financial Year (FY: वित्तीय वर्ष)
20.4 ????⏳Vote on Account- (लेखा अनुदान)
20.5 (???)=?? Interim Budget (अंतरिम बजट)
20.5.1 THEME of budget (विषयवस्तु)
20.6 ?? Economic Survey (आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण)
20.6.1 ??Chief Economic Advisor (CEA: मुख्य आर्थिक सलाहकार)
20.7 ??Finance ministry and its departments: (वित्त मंत्रालय और उसके विभाग)
20.7.1 ???Department of Economic Affairs (DEA: आर्थिक कार्य/ आर्थिक मामलो का विभाग)
20.7.2 ???FinMin#2: Department of Expenditure (व्यय विभाग)
20.7.3 ???FinMin#3: Department of Revenue (राजस्व विभाग)
20.7.4 ????FinMin#4: Department of Financial Services (DFS: वित्तीय सेवाएँ विभाग)
20.7.5 ???FinMin#5: DIPAM (निवेश एवं लोक परिसंपत्ति प्रबंधन विभाग)
20.7.6 ??FinMin#6: Indian Audit and Accounts Department
20.8 ?Budget→ ⏳Revenue Part→ ?Receipts→ ?Tax Receipts
20.8.1 ? Types of taxes: direct / indirect: प्रत्यक्ष कर/ अप्रत्यक्ष कर
20.8.2 Types of taxes: Progressive vs Regressive vs Proportional
20.8.3 ? Adam Smith’s 4 canons of taxation (कराधान के चार सिद्धांत)
21 ??♀️ Direct Taxes: Types (प्रत्यक्ष करों के प्रकार)
21.1 ??♀️Direct taxes: merits and demerits (प्रत्यक्ष करों के लाभ व् नुकसान)
21.2 Union Tax, Cess and Surcharge (केंद्रीय कर, उपकर और अधिभार)
21.3 ??♀️: ? Direct Tax → Corporation Tax (निगम कर)
21.3.1 ??♀️: ? Corporation Tax Cut in 2019-Sep
21.3.2 ??♀️: ? Corporation Tax Cut on Cooperative Societies
21.3.3 ??♀️: ?? Corporation Tax: announcements in 2019 and 2020 budgets
21.3.4 ??♀️: ??: ?1 Corporation Tax: Exemption from audit for small companies
21.3.5 ??♀️: ?? Corporation Tax on Startups
21.4 ??♀️: ? Equalisation Levy / Google Tax (समकारी लेवी/ गूगल टैक्स)
21.5 ??♀️: ?? Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT: न्यूनतम वैकल्पिक कर)
21.6 ??♀️: ? Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT: लाभांश वितरण कर)
21.7 ??♀️: ?? Buyback Tax (शेयर की वापसी-खरीद पर कर)
21.8 ??♀️ : ???Capital Gains Tax (CGT: पूंजीगत लाभ कर)
21.9 ??♀️: ? Income Tax on Individuals (व्यक्तिक आयकर)
21.9.1 ????Income Tax Slabs before 12Budget-2020
21.9.2 (Optional) New slabs for Income Tax in 12Budget-2020
21.9.3 ????Income Tax Slabs in 12Budget-2021, Compliance relief to Senior Citizen?
21.10 ????Direct Tax Code (DTC) Task Force (2017-2019)
21.11 ??♀️Direct Taxes: Misc. Concepts
21.11.1 ??Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) (हिंदू अविभाजित परिवार):
21.11.2 ???⚕️Presumptive Taxation (प्रकल्पित कराधान)
21.11.3 ?⏰Advance Tax ? (अग्रिम कर)
21.11.4 ? ATMA NIRBHAR BHARAT → Tax Ordinance 2020 [कर अध्यादेश]
21.11.5 ???✂️Tax Deducted at Source (TDS): (स्रोत पर कर कटौती)
21.11.6 ? (???✂️) TDS → ATMA NIRBHAR BHARAT REFORMS
21.11.7 ??✂️Tax Collected at Source (TCS): (स्त्रोत पर संगृहीत कर)
21.11.8 ??Tax refund? (कर वापसी)
21.12 ?Misc. Direct Taxes - Financial Transaction Taxes (वित्तीय लेनदेन कर)
21.12.1 ?? (Concept) Tobin Tax / Robinhood Tax
21.12.2 ??STT & CTT (प्रतिभूति लेनदेन कर और वस्तु लेनदेन कर)
EF2A2_HDT_Budget_Indirect_Taxes_GST_PCB3.pdf (p.29-63)
22 ?BUDGET→ ⏳REVENUE PART→ ?RECEIPTS→ ?TAX →? Indirect Taxes
22.1 ?? Indirect Taxes: types (अप्रत्यक्ष करों के प्रकार)
22.2 ?? Indirect Taxes: merits and demerits (लाभ व् नुकसान )
22.3 ???? (Concept) Pigouvian Tax (पिगोवियन कर)
22.4 ????♀️↗️??♀️Cascading Effect of Indirect Taxes
22.5 ????: Indirect Taxes: A Timeline of Reforms
22.5.1 ????♀️Cess and Surcharges on Excise & Customs
22.6 ??? Indirect Taxes → GST: Timeline (समयरेखा)
22.7 ??:?? GST: 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016
22.8 ??: ???? GST Council: Composition? जीएसटी परिषद
22.8.1 ???? GST Council: Functions? They’ll decide following-
22.9 ??? GST Input Tax Credit (ITC: इनपुट कर प्रत्यय)
22.10 ???? Centre’s Indirect Taxes subsumed in CGST
22.10.1 ? GST Revenue Collection Figures: जीएसटी राजस्व प्राप्ति के आंकड़े
22.11 ??(???)? States’ Indirect Taxes subsumed in SGST
22.12 ???? GST Rates on Services: सेवाओं पर जीएसटी की दर
22.13 ??? GST Rates on Goods : सामान पर जीएसटी की दरें
22.14 ??⏰? GST Composition Scheme (जीएसटी संरचना योजना)
22.14.1 ??⏰? GST Mechanism: Quarterly Returns and Monthly Payment of Tax (QRMP)
22.14.2 ??: ??(1?) 1% GST deposit in cash for controlling fake ITC claims
22.15 ??↩️ Reverse Charge Mechanism (विपरीत प्रभार की व्यवस्था)
22.16 ?? E-way Bill System (ई-वे बिल प्रणाली) from 2018 onwards
22.17 ? → ?(???♀️) Compensation to States: WHY?
22.17.1 ? → ?(???♀️) Compensation to States: HOW?
22.18 ??:? → ?(???♀️) GST Compensation & Back2Back Loans
22.18.1 ??? → ?(???♀️) GST Compensation: 2 Borrowing options
22.18.2 ???[? → ?(???♀️ GST compensation: "back to back" loans ₹1.10 lcr
22.18.3 ???[? → ?(???♀️ Back to Back loans: Beneficiary States
22.18.4 ???:⚖️ GST Back to Back Loans and Fiscal Deficit / FRBM for States
22.18.5 ✍️Conclusion : GST compensation (निष्कर्ष)
22.19 ???️♂️ GST Related Organizations (संस्थाए)
22.19.1 ?️♂️???♀️ Group of Ministers (GoM: मंत्रियों का समूह)
22.19.2 Distribution of Admin. Responsibilities प्रशासनिक जिम्मेदारियों का विभाजन
22.19.3 ⚖️?️♂️? National Anti-Profiteering Authority (NAA/NAPA)
22.19.4 ?️♂️? Authority for Advance Ruling (AAR-अग्रिम फैसलों के लिए प्राधिकरण)
22.19.5 ?️♂️?GSTN Network (Not for Profit Company- मुनाफ़ा रहित कंपनी )
22.19.6 ? ? Project Saksham: Digital/ICT integration (2016)
22.19.7 ?? HSN and SAC Codes
22.20 ??? PAN vs GSTIN vs Aadhar
22.20.1 ??? PAN/GSTIN vs UID (=Aadhar Card)
22.21 ??? GST: Benefits (लाभ)
22.21.1 ???: ⚓️ GST Benefit: Zero Rated Exports (शून्य रेटेड निर्यात )
22.22 ??? GST: Challenges for Mains & Interview (चुनौतियां)
22.22.1 ??High Rates and Multiple Slabs (उच्च दर और कई स्लैब)
22.22.2 ?♂️?Frequent changes harming long term business planning
22.22.3 ?? Fall in collection (आमद में कमी)
22.22.4 ?Inconvenience to Small Traders (छोटे व्यापारियों के लिए असुविधा)
22.23 ✍️ GST: Conclusion Template (सार/निष्कर्ष)
22.24 ✍️?Mock Q for Mains GSM2/GSM3 (250 words each)
EF2B_HDT_Budget_BlackMoney_15FC_2C_Subsidies_PCB3.pdf (p.64-114)
23 ? (?⚖️????♀️??) Taxation → Finance Commission
23.1 Introduction to Finance Commission (वित्त आयोग)
23.2 ?️♂️(? ?⚖️??) Fifteenth FC Composition (setup in 2017-Nov)
23.2.1 ?15th FC Terms of Reference (TOR: विचारार्थ विषय)?
23.3 ?️♂️?: (?? → ?) 15th FC’s TOR: Apprehension of the States
23.3.1 ? States Fear#1: Vision for New India 2022
23.3.2 ? States fear#2: Performance based incentives (प्रदर्शन आधारित प्रोत्साहन)
23.3.3 ? States fear#3: Census-2011 (जनगणना -2011)
23.3.4 ? States fear#4: Debt and Grants (ऋण और अनुदान)
23.3.5 ✍?15th FC TOR: Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
23.4 ? [?⚖️(????♀️??)] FC: Vertical Tax Devolution from Union to States
23.5 ? [??⚖️??♀️⚖️??] Horizontal Tax Devolution among States
23.5.1 ? [??⚖️??♀️⚖️??]15th FC: Horizontal devolution: States’ share
23.5.2 ?Finance Commissions & the fate of UTs of J&K & Ladakh
23.6 ? → ??? (????♀️) Grants from Union to States (संघ से राज्यों को अनुदान)
23.6.1 ????15th FC: Local Bodies Grants (स्थानीय निकाय अनुदान)
23.6.2 ?????♂️Post-Devolution Revenue Deficit Grants
23.6.3 ?????15th FC: Special Grants: (विशेष अनुदान)
23.6.4 ?????15th FC: Disaster Management Grants (आपदा प्रबंधन अनुदान:)
23.6.5 ????15th FC: Sector Specific Grants (क्षेत्र-विशिष्ट अनुदान)-Malnutrition
23.6.6 ????15th FC: Sector Specific Grants (क्षेत्र-विशिष्ट अनुदान)-Health
23.6.7 ????15th FC: Sector Specific Grants (क्षेत्र-विशिष्ट अनुदान)- Others(अन्य)
23.6.8 ???Defence and Internal Security Fund for Union
23.6.9 ? 15th FC: Other recommendations to Govt (सरकार के लिए अन्य सिफारिशें)
23.6.10 ✍️ 15th FC Report: conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
23.6.11 ?ATMANI → ????Helping States → Tax devolution and grants
23.7 ?️♂️(??⚖️??)⏰ FC: Giving Permanent Status (स्थायी दर्जा देना)
23.7.1 ?♂️?Arguments against giving permanent status to FC (विरोध में तर्क)
23.7.2 ?♂️?Argument in favour of giving permanent status to FC
23.7.3 ✍? Conclusion: give permanent status to FC or not? (निष्कर्ष)
23.8 ?? FC vs PC vs NITI: What’s the Difference?
23.9 ?(?⚖️?♂️?) Special Category States? विशेष श्रेणी के राज्य?
23.9.1 ?(?⚖️?♂️?) Sp.Cat States → Economic Surveys criticised
23.9.2 ?(?⚖️?♂️?) Sp.Cat States → Hill Union Territory Status for J&K?
23.10 ✍? Mock Questions for UPSC Mains (250 words each)
24 ???? Taxation → Black Money & Allied Issues
24.1 (??)??Black Money → Notable Organisations
24.2 ?? Tax Evasion (Hiding Income / Transaction)
24.2.1 ??⚖️ Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA-2002)
24.2.2 ??⚖️ Undisclosed Foreign Income & Assets Act (UFIA-2015)
24.2.3 ??⚖️ Benami Transactions Prohibition Act (BTPA- 1988, 2016)
24.3 (??)? Tax Evasion → Full-Budget-2019 Announcements
24.3.1 ??? Tax (Evasion) disclosure schemes (“surrender = less punish”)
24.3.2 ??? Vivad se Vishwas Scheme for Direct Taxes (12Budget-2020)
24.3.3 ? Tax Ordinance 2020 in ATMA NIRBHAR BHARAT[कर अध्यादेश]
24.3.4 ??? Dispute Resolution Committee (DRC) in 12Budget-2021
24.3.5 ?? Tax Evasion → Other Initiatives (अन्य कदम)
24.4 (???)Tax avoidance (कर परिहार / कर टालना)
24.4.1 ??? Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) & Round Tripping
24.4.2 ??? Tax Avoidance through Non-Resident Status
24.4.3 ??? Place of Effective Management (POEM: पीओईएम)
24.4.4 ??? Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS: बीईपीएस)
24.4.5 ??? Transfer Pricing (हस्तांतरण मूल्य)
24.4.6 (???) ?? Authority for Advance Rulings (AAR)
24.4.7 (???) ?? General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR)
24.4.8 ??? Angel Tax on Startup Investments (2012)
24.5 ?????: ?? Reforms to reduce Tax Terrorism / Harassment
24.5.1 ?????:? Pre-filled online forms for Tax Payers
24.5.2 ?????:? Faceless interaction between Tax payers and Tax official
24.5.3 ?????:?⏰ Time limit on opening of past cases
24.5.4 ?????:? Document Identification Number (DIN: दस्तावेज़ पहचान संख्याक)
24.6 ??? Taxpayers’ Charter in ? Budget-2020 (करदाताओ का अधिकारपत्र)
24.6.1 ??? (Indian) Tax Payers' Charter released in 2020-Aug
24.6.2 ✍️ ??? Conclusion: Tax Payers' Charter
24.7 ???: ?♂️?♂️ Tax Ombudsman in 1212 Economic Survey 2021
24.7.1 ???: ?♂️?♂️Tax ombudsman: Indian experience
24.7.2 ?problems in previous Ombudsman system (2003-19)?
24.7.3 ???: ?♂️?♂️Tax Ombudsman: Global experience with Independent
24.7.4 ???: ?♂️?♂️ Tax Ombudsman: Conclusion / way forward (निष्कर्ष/आगे का रास्ता)
24.7.5 ???: Reducing Tax Terrorism / Harassment: online portals/Apps
24.8 ???Taxation → Global Treaties, Agreements & Indexes
24.8.1 ??? Tax Information Exchange Agreement (TIEA: कर सूचना विनिमय समझौता)
24.8.2 ??? USA’s Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA-2010)
24.8.3 ??? Global Financial Secrecy Index (वैश्विक वित्तीय गोपनीयता सूचकांक)
24.9 ?Black Money → Demonetisation (विमुद्रीकरण)
24.9.1 ?Why Demonetise ₹ 500 & 1000?
24.9.2 ?How did 99.30% SBN returned into banking system?
24.9.3 ?99.30% SBN returned, but Demonetization not failed experiment because:
24.9.4 ?Demonetization: Impact as per Economic survey 2016-17
24.10 ??Economic Survey on taxation and fiscal capacity (वित्तीय क्षमता)
24.10.1 ?? Tax: GDP – why low in India (भारत का कर:जीडीपी अनुपात खराब क्यों है?)
24.10.2 ?? Tax: GDP ?? ES19: “Use Behavioural Economics to improve Tax Compliance”
24.10.3 ?? Tax: GDP: 15th Finance Commission on how to improve it?
24.11 ?Taxation: Misc. Terms
24.11.1 ? Net Tax Revenue of the Govt (शुद्ध कर राजस्व)
24.11.2 ? Revenue Shortfall (राजस्व में कमी)
24.11.3 ✍? Mock Questions for UPSC Mains (250 words each)
24.12 ??? Budget → Revenue Part → Receipts → Non-Tax Receipts
25 ?⏰ Budget → Revenue Expenditure (राजस्व खर्च/ व्यय)
25.1 ?⏰(?⛽️) Revenue Expenditure → Subsidies
25.1.1 ?⏰(?⛽️) Types of subsidies with selected examples
25.1.2 ?? ?? Impact of Subsidies (सब्सिडी का प्रभाव: सकारात्मक एवं नकारात्मक)
25.1.3 ?? Past Economic Surveys on subsidy delivery (आर्थिक सर्वेक्षणों के उपाय)
25.1.4 ?? ES19: Use ‘Behavioural economics (व्यवहार अर्थशास्त्र)’ to ↓ subsidy bill
25.1.5 ??♀️✍??️♂️National Recruitment Agency (NRA: राष्ट्रीय भर्ती एजेंसी)
25.2 ?⏰? Revenue xpdr → Salaries→ 7th Pay Commission (वेतन आयोग)
25.2.1 ? Pay Commission: Associated terms
25.3 ??⏰??? SALARY Reforms in Atmanirbharat 2.0 (Oct 2020)
25.3.1 ?⏰??? Atma-Nirbhar 2.0: Festival Advance Scheme (त्योहारों में एडवांस रकम)
25.3.2 ?⏰??? Atma-Nirbhar 2.0: LTC Cash Voucher Scheme
25.4 (? 25.5 (? EF2D_HDT_Budget_Disinvestment_Deficit_PCB3.pdf (p.115-154)
26 ?? Budget → Capital → Receipts
26.1.1 ??? Foreign Borrowing in Foreign Currency
26.1.2 ???12Budget-2021: Foreign Borrowing
26.2 ?? ♐️ ? Budget → Capital Receipts → Disinvestment: विनिवेश
26.2.1 ?Ratna Companies = freedom to govt companies based on performing
26.2.2 ? ☎️: BSNL MTNL Merger (विलीनीकरण)
26.2.3 ?? ♐️ ? Government policy towards disinvestment before 2021
26.2.4 ?? ♐️ ? Disinvestment & Privatization in the Modi Raj (2014-19)
26.2.5 ??? ♐️ ? Strategic Disinvestment in Modi Raj
26.3 ??? → ?? Disinvestment in budget 2021
26.4 ??ES20 Vol1 Ch9 Privatization and Wealth Creation
26.4.1 ?? Strategic Disinvestment (=privatisation) → ⏫profitability
26.4.2 ??Strategic Disinvestment (=Privatisation) → Adopt Singapore Model
26.5 ??Budget → Capital Part → Expenditure (पूंजीगत व्यय)
26.5.1 ??????Atmanirbharar 2.0 (2020-Oct) → State CAPEX Loans
27 ???Types of deficits: घाटे के प्रकार
27.1 ???Fiscal Deficit: राजकोषीय घाटा
27.2 ???Primary Deficit: प्राथमिक घाटा
27.3 ???Debt Composition: Amount-wise
27.3.1 ???Debt Composition: Type-wise
27.4 ?????? Extra-Budgetary Resources (बजटेतर संसाधन)
27.5 ??? Financing the deficit: its negative consequences on economy:
27.5.1 ??? ⏫:?⏬ Financing the Deficit: Ricardian Equivalence
27.5.2 ??? ⏫:?⏬Ricardian Equivalence invalid for India says 1212ES21
27.5.3 ??? Financing the deficit: “Crowding Out” of private borrowers
27.5.4 ??? Crowding out of private investment? ??ES21 Observations
27.5.5 ??? Financing the deficit: Printing More Money
27.5.6 ??? Fiscal Deficit ⏫= India sovereign rating ⭐️⭐️⏬
27.5.7 ⭐️⭐️Rating downgrade⏬: Don’t worry says 1212ES21
27.5.8 ⭐️⭐️Rating downgrade: conclusion or way forward
27.6 ????Countercyclical policy (प्रतिचक्रीय राजकोषीय नीति)
27.6.1 ????Countercyclical: IRGD & Debt Sustainability
27.6.2 ????Countercyclical: Conclusion/Way forward? (निष्कर्ष)
27.6.3 ??? Misc Terms related to Deficit Financing
27.7 ??? Fiscal Consolidation / Prudence: राजकोषीय एकत्रीकरण / विवेक
27.8 ?? Fiscal stimulus (राजस्व प्रोत्साहन पेकेज)
27.8.1 ?? ?♂️ Manmohan’s Fiscal Stimulus (2008-)
27.8.2 ?? ? Modi’s Fiscal Stimulus (2019)
27.8.3 ??? ? Modi’s Atma-Nirbhar Bharat Economic Stimulus Package (2020)
27.9 ???? Fiscal Responsibility & Budget Management Act, 2003
27.10 ? FRBM: Trigger Mechanism (to) Escape (Deficit control) Clause
27.10.1 ???? FRBM: Misc. Concepts
27.10.2 ???? ? FRBM Act: Documents (दस्तावेज़)
27.11 ?????Fiscal Federalism: Helping the States in ATMANIRBHAR
27.11.1 ????Helping States → Tax devolution and grants
27.11.2 ????Helping States → States’ Fiscal deficit limits ⏫
27.12 ????Fiscal Deficit target for States by 15th FC & 12Budget-2021
27.13 ?????? Fiscal Responsibility: NK Singh FRBM Review Panel
27.13.1 ???? FRBM Panel’s Notable recommendations: उल्लेखनीय सिफारिशें?
27.14 ?????? Fiscal Responsibility: NK Singh’s 15th Finance Commission
27.14.1 ?????? :? Budget marksmanship is Poor, says 15th FC
27.15 ?????? Fiscal Responsibility: Misc Bodies
27.15.1 ???? Expenditure Management Commission (2014)
27.15.2 ?????? Public Debt Management Agency (PDMA): सार्वजनिक ऋण प्रबंधन एजेंसी
27.16 ?????? Fiscal Council (राजकोषीय परिषद)
27.16.1 ?????? Fiscal Council: Why do we need it in India?
27.16.2 ?????? Fiscal Council: conclusion YES we NEED it for INDIA
27.17 ? (MAINS) Public Expenditure Management: Challenges
28 ? Types of budget: बजट के प्रकार
28.1 Revenue versus Capital budget: राजस्व बनाम पूंजीगत बजट
28.2 ??General budget versus Railway budget (आम बजट बनाम रेलवे बजट)
28.3 ?? Plan vs non plan expenditure budget:
28.4 ??Budgeting (बजट निर्माण की प्रक्रिया/ रणनीति)
28.5 ???Tribal sub plan & SCSP
28.6 ???Output Outcome Framework for Schemes:
28.7 ??Cash vs Accrual Budgeting: नगदी बनाम उपचय बजट
28.8 ??Treasury Single Account (TSA) System
28.9 ???Lapsable Funds & March Rush: व्यपगत निधि और मार्च व्यस्तता
28.10 ??? Non lapsable funds & No Rush: बिनव्यपगत निधी
28.11 ??Types of schemes (योजनाओं के प्रकार)
28.11.1 ??Ministry-wise Highest Allocation in 12Budget-2021
28.12 ✍?Mock Questions for UPSC Mains GSM3 (250 words each)
Mrunal_PCB3_Pillar3.pdf (p.365-448) !!AbAn!!
EF3A_HDT_BoP_Currency_Exchange_PCB3.pdf (p.1-48)
30 ⛽️?Pillar#3A: Balance of Payment (भुगतान संतुलन)
30.1 ? RBI’s (Actual) method of classifying BoP
30.2 ⛽️? Balance of payment → Current Account →
30.2.1 ⛽️? Balance of Trade (BoT व्यापार का संतुलन)
30.2.2 Net Terms of Trade (NTT) or Commodity terms of trade
30.2.3 Gross (Barter) Terms of Trade (GTT, सिर्फ प्रिलिम के लिए, अत: हिंदी अनावश्यक)
30.2.4 Income terms of trade (ITT)
30.2.5 Top Import and Exports before Corona:
30.2.6 Largest importer and exporter in world (before Corona 2020)
30.2.7 Top Import and Exports During Corona April-Nov-2020
30.2.8 ? Remittance: World Bank’s Remittance Report (विश्व बैंक की धनप्रेषण रिपोर्ट)
30.2.9 ? Remittance: Global migration report 2020 (अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रवास)
30.2.10 ? Remittance: Sidetopic → Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas (PBD)
30.3 ⛽️Balance of payment → Current Account → Import of Oil
30.3.1 ⛽️?? Domestic Oil Exploration Policies?
30.3.2 ⛽️??: ??♂NELP’s primary limitations were →
30.3.3 ⛽️??HELP Policy (हाइड्रोकार्बन अन्वेषण और अनुज्ञप्ति/लाइसेंसिंग नीति)
30.3.4 ⛽️India’s Strategic Oil Reserves (भारत के सामरिक तेल भण्डार)
30.3.5 ⛽️?? Crude Oil prices & OPEC (कच्चा तेल)
30.4 ⛽️?BoP: Current → Fall of Crude oil prices in negative figure
30.4.1 ⛽️?BoP: Current → Petrol & Diesel Prices in India
30.5 ?Balance of payment → Current Account → Import of Gold
30.5.1 ??RBI’s 80:20 Scheme (2013-14)
30.5.2 ??? Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme (2015: स्वर्ण बांड योजना)
30.5.3 ??? Gold Monetization Scheme (2015: स्वर्ण मुद्रीकरण योजना)
30.5.4 ??? Indian (Sovereign) Gold Coins (2015: भारतीय स्वर्ण सिक्के)
30.5.5 ??: Gold price in Corona
30.5.6 ☕️BoP → Current → Export → GI Tag
30.5.7 ☕️12GI-Controversies? (विवाद)
30.5.8 ☕️? GI Logo
30.5.9 ??BoP → Current → Exports → SEZ
30.5.10 ???️♂️Baba Kalyani report on SEZ
30.5.11 ???BoP → Current → Exports → Foreign Trade Policy (2015-2020)
30.5.12 ? Foreign Trade Policy: Challenge / Updates?
30.5.13 ??Tax Credit for Exporters: MEIS/SEIS
30.5.14 Tax Credit for Exporters: RoDTEP?
30.5.15 ⚓️Port Logistics: Authorised Economic Operator (AEO)
30.5.16 ?Export Preparedness Index by NITI (2020,Aug: निर्यात तैयारी सूचकांक)
30.5.17 ??? “Assemble in India” | Production Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI)
30.6 ⛽️?: ?? BoP → Capital Account→ Investment→ FDI / FPI
30.6.1 ?? Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPI: विदेशी पोर्टफोलियो निवेशक)
30.6.2 ???? Foreign Direct Investment (FDI: प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश)
30.6.3 ???? Foreign Investment → 100% Automatic permitted in
30.6.4 ???? Foreign Investment → Others
30.6.5 ?? Hotmoney Effect by FPIs
30.6.6 ?UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2020 (विश्व निवेश रिपोर्ट)
30.6.7 ?? India’s new FDI rules for E-Commerce
30.6.8 ?? E-Commerce Rules 2019-Feb
30.6.9 ?? E-Commerce Rules 2020-Jul
30.6.10 ?? Yearbook: Ministry of Commerce and Industry (वाणिज्य और उद्योग मंत्रालय):
30.6.11 ?️♂️ (2019) DIPP becomes DPIIT (विभाग का नाम बदला गया)
30.6.12 ?? (2017) FIPB Abolished (विदेशी निवेश अनुमति की संस्था को हटाया गया)
30.6.13 ??? BoP: Capital → Chinese FDI need Govt approval
30.6.14 ?? Related Topic: Cabinet Committees
30.6.15 ???? International Financial Services Centre (IFSC)
30.6.16 ????: ?? IFSC Authority Act, 2019
30.6.17 ?? ? BoP → Capital Account → Debt (Loans & Non Resident Bank deposits)
30.6.18 ?? ? BoP → Capital Account → Misc. Concept: NIIP
30.6.19 ?? ? BoP: External Debt overhang Problem (ऋण की अधिकता)
30.7 ⛽️?: ?? BoP → summing up
30.7.1 ??? Sterilization (स्थिरीकरण)?
30.7.2 ???: ? ? Mundell-Fleming Trilemma (मंडल फ्लेमिंग की त्रि-आयामी दूविधा)
30.8 (⛽️?>??)⚠️ India’s Balance of Payment crisis (1991)
30.8.1 ?? RBI’s Forex Reserve: विदेशी मुद्रा रिजर्व
30.8.2 (⛽️?>??)⚠️ Disequilibrium in BoP: Factors responsible (असंतुलन के कारण)
31 ? Currency Exchange Rate: मुद्रा विनिमय दर
31.1 ? Exchange Rate Regime: Theory
31.1.1 ?? Managed Float / Dirty Float; प्रबंधित चल/ मलिन चल
31.1.1.1 Challenges in Managed Float System?
31.2 ??? Exchange Rate Regime: Historic
31.2.1 ???? Fixed exchange rate system → Gold Standard; सोने के मानक/ स्वर्णमान (1870-1914)
31.2.2 ? ??? Fixed exchange rate system → Bretton Woods System (1946-1971)
31.2.3 ??Currency Exchange in India
31.3 ???IMF Special Drawing Rights (SDR: विशेष आहरण अधिकार)
31.4 ?⛽️? Currency Convertibility (मुद्रा परिवर्तनीयता)
31.5 ?✋?RBI restriction on convertibility of rupee: रुपये की परिवर्तनीयता
31.5.1 ?? Full convertibility of Rupee :रुपये की पूर्ण परिवर्तनीयता?
31.5.2 ?? ₹ ?️♂️ Convertibility → S.S. Tarapore Committee (1997)
31.5.3 ?? ? ₹ Convertibility → RBI reforms (2004-2019)
31.5.4 ??Currency Exchange Rate → Attracting Dollars: VRR and FAR
31.5.5 Sidenote: FCRA violations (विदेशी चंदे पर नियंत्रण)
31.6 ?⚔️ Currency War 2018 (मुद्रा युद्ध)
31.6.1 ?⚔️Currency War → Fall of Indian ₹ in 2018
31.6.2 ?⚔️ Misc. Concepts: Quantitative Easing and Federal Tapering
31.6.3 ?⚔️ Misc. Concepts: Helicopter Money & Zero interest rate regimes
31.6.4 ?⚔️??? Misc. Concepts: Yuan as global currency?
31.7 ? Exchange Rate → Miscellaneous Terminologies
31.7.1 ? NEER and REER? (Hindi not imp because only prelim relevant)
31.7.2 ✍?? Mock Questions for Mains:
EF3B_HDT_BoP_WTO_Intl_Agreeements_PCB3.pdf (p.49-84)
32 ???⚖️Pillar #3B: Bretton Woods Organizations
32.1 ???⚖️ Bretton Woods → 1) World Bank, Washington, 1945, Jul
32.1.1 ???⚖️World Bank President?
32.2 ???⚖️ (Non-Bretton Woods) → Multilateral Development Banks
32.2.1 BRICS Bank and AIIB
32.2.2 ???⚖️Multilateral Development Banks → Others
32.3 ???⚖️Bretton Woods → 2) IMF, Washington, 1945, Dec
32.3.1 ???⚖️?IMF gives loan to Pakistan (2019)
32.4 ?? Theories of International Trade
32.4.1 Mercantilist Theory: व्यापारी सिद्धांत
32.4.2 Adam Smith’s Theory of Absolute Cost Advantage (1776)
32.4.3 David Ricardo’s Theory of Comparative/Relative Cost Advantage (1817)
32.4.4 Heckscher and Ohlin’s Factor - Proporations Theory (1919)
32.5 ???⚖️Bretton Woods → 3) GATT → WTO (Geneva)
33 ???⚖️ World Trade Organization: विश्व व्यापार संगठन
33.1 ???⚖️ WTO → functions (जिम्मेदारियां या कार्य)
33.1.1 ???: Tariff Barriers against international trade
33.1.2 ??? Non-Tariff Barriers against international trade
33.2 ??⚔️? WTO Disputes involving India vs USA
33.2.1 ??⚔️ ?? India’s Solar procurement preference
33.2.2 ??⚔️ ?? Ban on American Poultry
33.2.3 ??⚔️?? India’s export incentive schemes
33.2.4 ??⚔️?? WTO’s Appellate Body (AB) Crisis
33.2.5 ??⚔️?? WTO Multiparty Interim Arbitration (MPIA) mechanism
33.3 ???⚖️: ? WTO → Notable Agreements
33.4 ???⚖️: ? WTO negotiations / summits / packages
33.4.1 ? ??⚖️ Most Favoured Nation (MFN)- अत्याधिक वरीयता वाले देश
33.4.2 ? ??⚖️ Least Developed Countries (LDC: सबसे से कम विकसित देश)
33.4.3 ? ??⚖️ Doha Development Round (Qatar 2001)
33.4.4 ???? ??⚖️ Food subsidies & peace clause: खाद्य रियायतें और शान्ति अनुच्छेद/उपधारा
33.4.5 ???? ??⚖️ Food subsidies: Cairns Group
33.4.6 ? ??⚖️ Bali Package & Trade Facilitation Agreement / TFA (2013)
33.4.7 ? ??⚖️ Nairobi Package & SSM (2015)
33.4.8 ? ??⚖️ Buenos Aires Summit #flop (2017)
33.4.9 ? ??⚖️ Kazakhstan Summit #cancelled (2020-June)
33.5 ?Trade Agreements Types: व्यापार समझौते के प्रकार
33.6 ?⛷?Free Trade agreements → TPP, TPP11, TATIP, RCEP
33.6.1 ?⛷? Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP: ट्रांस पैसिफिक साझेदारी) #FAIL
33.6.2 ?⛷? TPP-11 or CPTPP
33.6.3 ?⛷? Transatlantic Trade and Investment Pact (TTIP)
33.7 ?⛷? Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
33.7.1 ✍? Introduction to RCEP ()
33.7.2 ??✍️ RCEP: Why didn't India join in 2019-Nov?
33.7.3 ?♂️ RCEP: Counterview: India made a mistake by not joining
33.7.4 ✍? RCEP: Conclusion? (निष्कर्ष)
33.7.5 ? ? Economic survey 2015-16: Observations abt India’s Trade Agreements
33.7.6 1212ES20: Observations abt India’s Trade Agreements (आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण)
33.7.7 12Budget-2020: FTA ‘rules of origin’ (उत्पत्ति के नियम)
33.7.8 ? Commerce Ministry: Certificate of Origin (उदगम प्रमाण पत्र)
33.7.9 ?⛷? Trade agreements losing shine → NAFTA & SAFTA
33.8 ?⛷?India’s trade agreements
33.9 ???♀️ Burning issues in International trade
33.9.1 ???♀️Protectionism, Trade war: संरक्षणवाद, व्यापार युद्ध
33.9.2 ????♀️: ??Protectionism → Medicine and Defence
33.9.3 ????♀️: ?? Protectionism → Indian Govt procurement (सरकारी खरीद)
33.9.4 ???♀️?USA’s Special 301 report
33.9.5 ???♀️?USA’s Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) list
33.9.6 ⚖️?USA Reciprocal Trade Bill/Act (पारस्परिक व्यापार विधेयक / अधिनियम)
33.9.7 ??? India-USA limited trade deal (सीमित व्यापार सौदा)
33.9.8 ???♀️How does US/EU/China trade war impact India?
33.9.8.1 ✍?Protectionism / Trade War: Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
33.9.9 ????BREXIT = BRITAIN EXIT
33.9.9.1 ????How does BREXIT affect India?
34 ??Other Notable Groupings related to economy
34.1 ????Groupings: Indian subcontinent
34.1.1 ????Mekong- Ganga Cooperation (2000)
34.2 ??? Groupings: ASEAN vs SCO
34.2.1 ☪️?Afghanistan 6+2+1 group for redevelopment of Afghanistan
34.3 ??? Groupings: Ocean-rim walla
34.4 ??Groupings: BRICS, OECD, OPEC, G20 & JAI
34.5 ??⛷ G20: Osaka Declaration
34.5.1 ??⛷??Osaka declaration: why India refused to sign
34.5.2 ✍️Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
34.6 ???Groupings led by Gora → G7 and D10
34.6.1 ??G7 - Group of Seven (1975)
34.6.2 ??? D10: 5G club proposed by UK (2020)
34.7 ??☪️Groupings: GCC vs OIC
34.7.1 ⚖️☪️✋:?♂️?♂️Kuwait Expat Bill (प्रवासी/विदेशी मजदूरों की संख्या ⏬ का विधेयक)
34.7.2 ☪️??Abraham Accords (2020-Sept)
34.8 ?? Misc groupings / org → World Economic Forum (1971)
34.9 ?? Misc groupings / organizations Others
34.10 ??? Export control / Non-Proliferation regimes
34.10.1 ???USA Exit from Arms Treaties
34.10.2 ?✍️ Mock Questions for Mains GSM2 (Intl. Org Related to Economy)
Mrunal_PCB3_Pillar4.pdf (p.449-643) !!AbAn!!
EF4A_HDT_SECTORS_AGRO_PCB3.pdf (p.1-58)
40 ? Agriculture- Intro
40.1.1 ??? [Yearbook-Info] Agro Ministry
40.1.2 ???? [Yearbook] Min. for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying
40.2 ??Agri-Input → Land (जमीन)
40.2.1 ??Land reforms in India after independence
40.3 ?Agri-Input → Seeds: बीज
40.3.1 ??Agri-Input → Seeds → Green Revolution: हरित क्रांति
40.3.2 ??Agri-Input → Seeds → ? Pepsi vs Potato Farmers
40.3.3 ??Agri-Input → Seeds → Genetically modified (GM) crops
40.3.4 ??12Seeds → GM crops → Challenges: HTBT Cotton
40.3.5 ??Seeds → GM crops → Challenges?
40.3.6 ??Seeds → GM crops → suggestions by Economic survey 2017?
40.3.7 ✍️ ?? GM-Crops: Conclusion templates?
40.4 ?☔️Agri-Input → Water (Irrigation: सिंचाई)
40.4.1 ?️♂️ ?☔️ [Yearbook] Water related Ministries and Departments
40.4.2 ??? Water Schemes → NRDWP (2009)
40.4.3 ??? Water Schemes → Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (2015)
40.4.4 ??? Water Schemes → Namami Gange Yojana (2015)
40.4.5 ??? Water Schemes → Jal Kranti Abhiyan (2015)
40.4.6 ??? Water Schemes → Jal Shakti Abhiyan (2019-July)
40.4.7 ??? Water Schemes → Jal Jeevan Mission (Rural) (2019-Aug)
40.4.8 ??? Water Schemes → Jal Jeevan Mission (Rural) (2021-Budget)
40.4.9 ??? Water Schemes → ATAL Bhujal Yojana (=ATAL JAL) (2019-Dec)
40.4.10 ??? Water Schemes → Misc. Schemes
40.4.11 ☔️? Agri-Input → Water → Composite Water Management Index
40.4.12 ☔️Agri-Input → Water (irrigation) → suggestions by Economic Surveys
40.4.13 ✍️ ⛈ Conclusion? (पेयजल और सिंचाई के बारे में निष्कर्ष)
40.5 ????Agri-Input → Fertilizer (उर्वरक / खाद)
40.5.1 ?????Prevent urea misuse→ Nutrient Based Subsidy (2010)
40.5.2 ?????Prevent urea misuse→ Soil Health Card (2015)
40.5.3 ?????Prevent urea misuse→ Neem Coating of Urea (2015)
40.5.4 ?????? Prevent urea misuse→ DBT of fertilizer (2018)
40.6 ??Agri-Input → Pesticides & weedicides
40.7 ??☣️ Agri Inputs → Don’t use chemicals → PKVY (2015)
40.7.1 ???☣️Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF: शून्य बजट प्राकृतिक खेती)
40.7.2 ?☣️? Organic farming & ZBNF → Limitations? (मर्यादा/चुनौतिया)
40.7.3 ?☣️✍️ Conclusion: Organic farming / ZBNF
40.8 ??Agri Inputs → Farm Mechanization (मशीनीकरण)
40.8.1 ??? Agri Inputs → Farm Mechanization: Challenges?
40.9 ??? Agri Inputs → Finance / Credit: ऋण
40.9.1 ??Agri-Finance → Negotiable Warehouse Receipts (NWR)
40.9.2 ????Agri-Finance → Loan waivers for the farmers
40.10 ?⚰️ Agri-Input → Risk reduction → Insurance
40.11 ?? Agri-Output → don’t burn the crop residue (फ़सल-अवशेष/ पराली)
40.12 ??Agri-Selling → APMC (कृषिगत उत्पाद विपणन समिति)
40.12.1 ⚠️APMC Problems? समस्याएं / चुनौतियां
40.12.2 ?Model APMC Act? (आदर्श कानून)
40.13 ?⚖️??? Agro Ordinance/Act#1 → APMC Ordinance/Act 2020
40.13.1 ⚖️???:?? Criticism for Agro-Ordinance#1: आलोचना/ निंदा
40.13.2 ⚖️???:??Conclusion /Pros: Agro-Act#1: Appreciate (निष्कर्ष)
40.13.3 ⚖️???: ???1? Punjab's Rural Development Fund Act, 1987
40.14 ?⚖️?????? Agro Ordinance/Act#2 → Contract farming 2020
40.14.1 ? ⚖️??????:? :? Criticism & Conclusion Act#2:
40.15 ???Agri-Selling Online → e-national agriculture market (E-NAM)
40.15.1 ????E-NAM: Criticism? (आलोचना)
40.15.2 ??Agri-Selling Online → Other Misc. initiatives= NOT IMP1
40.15.3 ??Agri-Selling → Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs)
40.15.4 ???Agri-Selling→Outside India →Agri Export Policy, 2018
40.16 ?????Agri-Selling → Income support for farmers
40.17 ????? Agri-Selling → Minimum Support Prices (MSP)
40.17.1 ????? MSP covers which crops?
40.17.2 ????? MSP computation, Swaminathan Committee?
40.17.3 ????? Agri-Selling → MSP → Procurement (अधिप्रापण / खरीद)?
40.17.4 ?????= ? MSP Benefits?
40.17.5 ?????= ? MSP Limitations? (मर्यादा)
40.18 ?????: ? Agri-Selling: PM-AASHA: fix MSP limitations
40.19 ?????????♂️: FCI’s Buffer Stock Problem (बफर भंडार)
40.19.1 ???????: ? FCI → Problems (समस्याएं)
40.19.2 ??????? FCI → Solutions by 1212ES20
40.20 ?????: ? Agri-Selling: Storage and Transport
40.21 ????: ? Agri-Selling: Direct income w/o selling → PM-KISAN@6k/pa
40.21.1 ????: ?= ? PM-KISAN: Criticism / Challenges?
40.21.2 ?? → ???: ? Pension: PM Kisan Maan Dhan Yojana
40.21.3 ✍️ Income Support: Conclusion template? (आमदनी में सहयोग -निष्कर्ष)
40.22 ???Agri-Selling: food inflation for consumers
40.22.1 ???Food Inflation due to shortage of Vegetable supply
40.22.2 ???Food Inflation due to shortage of Pulses supply (दालों का उत्पादन)
40.23 ???: ?Agri-selling: Food-Inflation: Govt initiatives?
40.23.1 ???: ? Food Inflation → Govt initiatives → MEP
40.23.2 ???: ? Food Inflation → Govt initiatives → OMSS
40.23.3 ???: ? Govt initiatives → Price Stabilization Fund (2014)
40.23.4 ???: ? Govt initiatives → Operation Greens for T-O-P (2018)
40.23.5 ???: ? Govt initiatives → Onion Inflation (2019-Sept to Dec)
40.23.6 ???: ?: ??ES21 how to control onion inflation?
40.24 ???: ? Food Inflation → Essential Commodities Act
40.25 ?⚖️???✋Agro Ordinance#3 → ECA Ordinance/Act 2020
40.25.1 ✍️ ECA Ordinance/Amendment Act → Conclusion / निष्कर्ष
40.25.2 ?? ECA → N95 Masks and Sanitizers put under ECA
40.25.3 ✍️ Food Inflation: Conclusion? (खाद्य महंगाई /मुद्रास्फीति पर निष्कर्ष)
40.26 ?↘️? Agro-Selling→ Deflation (2017 onwards)
40.26.1 ?↘️? Agro-Selling→ Deflation → Sugar mills’ problem
40.27 ?????? Agriculture Production & Processing → Other Schemes
40.27.1 ???? ?? Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (2020-Jul)
40.27.2 ?????? Agro Produ. & Processing → Farmer Producer Company (FPC)
40.27.3 ?????? Agro Production & Processing → RKVY & RAFTAAR (2017)
40.27.4 ?????? Agro Prod. & Processing → Green Revolution - Krishonnati Yojana
40.27.5 ?????? Agro Production & Processing → PM Kisan Sampada Yojana
40.27.6 ???? Atma-Nirbhar: ”Op Green” expanded to all fruits & veggies
40.27.7 ???? Atma-Nirbhar: Food Enterprises promotion (खाद्य उद्यमों को बढ़ावा)
40.28 ?Food Processing Industries for GSM3
40.28.1 ?Food Processing: Meaning (खाद्य प्रसंस्करण: अर्थ/मतलब)
40.28.2 ??Food Processing Industry: Significance (महत्व)
40.28.3 ??Food Processing Industry: Scope / Opportunities (अवसर)
40.28.4 ??Food Processing Industry: Challenges → General (चुनौतियां)
40.28.5 ??Supply Chain Management (SCM: आपूर्ति श्रृंखला प्रबंधन)
40.28.6 ??SCM: Upstream-Downstream: Meaning
40.28.7 ????Food Processing: Upstream issues
40.28.8 ???Food Processing: Downstream issues
40.28.9 ????Food Processing: Downstream issues → Export stage
40.28.10 ?✍️Food Processing: Conclusion- हां इस क्षेत्र पर ध्यान देना होगा
40.29 ? Sectors → Agro Allied: → Animal husbandry (पशुपालन)
40.29.1 ??? Livestock Census (पशुधन की जनगणना)
40.29.2 ?? Agro Allied: Animal husbandry → White Revolution
40.29.3 ??Cow (welfare) Cess
40.29.4 ??: 1212ES2019: Focus on Small Ruminants
40.29.5 ?????Atma-Nirbhar: Dairy cooperatives (दुग्धालय सहकारी समितियां)
40.29.6 ?Agro Allied: Fisheries → Blue revolution (मत्स्य → नीली क्रांति)
40.29.7 ?Other revolutions:
40.29.8 ????Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (2020)
40.30 ??????? Agriculture → Research Development & Education
40.30.1 ⚠️ Challenges in Agro R&D?
40.30.2 ??????? Agriculture → Extension Service (विस्तार-सेवा)
40.30.3 ??????? Agri-extension services → Timeline of schemes / events
40.30.4 ??????? Krishi Kalyan Abhiyaan (2018)
40.30.5 ✍? Extension Services: Conclusion template
40.30.6 ? Global Cooperation: Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
40.30.7 ? Global Cooperation: Misc. → SAARC Food Bank (2007)
40.30.8 ? Global Cooperation: Misc. → International Grains Council (London)
40.30.9 ? Global Awards related to Agro
40.30.10 ✍️ Agriculture-Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
40.31 ✍️ Mains Qs from Agriculture in Previous UPSC Exams
40.31.1 Mains Questions: Agro → Cropping & irrigation & Land Reforms
40.31.2 Mains Questions: Agro →E-Tech. in aid of farmers
40.31.3 Mains Questions: Agro →Food processing industry
40.31.4 Mains Questions: Agro → MSP
EF4B_HDT2_Sectors_MFG_EoD_IPR_MSME_PCB3.pdf (p.59-126)
41 ??Mfg & Services: Industrial policy and LPG reforms
41.1 ?️?Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization?
41.1.1 ?️? Liberalization :उदारीकरण
41.1.2 ?♂️ → ??Privatization: निजीकरण
41.1.3 ?Globalization: वैश्वीकरण
41.2 ?Beyond LPG → towards 4th Industrial Revolution
41.2.1 ?? GPAI – the new GANG for A.I. (2020-June)
41.2.2 ? Beyond LPG → 4th Industrial Revolution → New Industrial Policy
41.2.3 ? 4th Industrial Revolution → Samarth Udyog Bharat 4.0
41.3 ⛸??? Circular Economy (परिक्रामी अर्थव्यवस्था)
41.3.1 ? Circular Economy: Business Models
41.3.2 ?Circular Economy: Roadmap for India/how to achieve?
41.4 ???Mfg Policy → National Mfg Policy 2011: राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन नीति
41.4.1 ? Mfg Infrastructure → NIMZ, राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन और निवेश क्षेत्र
41.4.2 ? Mfg Infrastructure → Industrial Corridors (औद्योगिक गलियारे)
41.5 ??? Mfg & Services → Make in India: Why? (2014)
41.6 ??? Make in India: How?
41.7 ???:? ?? Mfg: Assemble in India (असेंबल इन इंडिया)
41.7.1 ???:? ??: Assemble in In India → “Network products”
41.7.2 ???:? ??: Assemble in In India → how will it benefit India?
41.7.3 ???:? ??: Assemble in In India → Wild Geese Flying Model (1960s)
41.7.4 ???:? ??: Assemble in In India → Policy recommendations?
41.7.5 ???:??Production Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI: उत्पादन आधारित प्रोत्साहन)
41.7.6 ?PLI Scheme Benefits?
41.8 ?? Mfg & Services → Startup India (2016)
41.8.1 ??:? (Full) Budget-2019 on Start-ups
41.8.2 ??:? Budget-2020 on Start-ups
41.8.3 ?? Startup: Misc Terms and trends
41.8.4 ?? Startup: Factors affecting new firms creation (??ES20)
41.9 ?? Mfg Policy → National Policy on Electronics 2019
41.9.1 ??Mfg → Electronics Development Fund (EDF: इलेक्ट्रॉनिकी विकास निधि)
41.9.2 ?? → National Digital Communications Policy (2018)
41.9.3 ?? → National Policy on Software Products - 2019
41.9.4 ?? → Quantum Technology (क्वांटम प्रौद्योगिकी) 2020
41.10 ??⚠️12 Startup Criticism / challenges (निंदा/आलोचना)
41.11 ?? → ? Startup → (SHUTDOWN) “EXIT” of Sick Industries
42 ?Mfg & Services → Intellectual Property Rights
42.1.1 ??️♂️WIPO is known for
42.1.2 ?IPR → Indian Laws
42.2 ?IPR → Patents → What can’t be Patented?
42.3 ?IPR → Patents → Compulsory Licensing (अनिवार्य लाइसेंसिंग)
42.3.1 ??Patent pools (पेटंटो का समूहीकरण)
42.3.2 ??Trips Waiver demand by India & S.Africa
42.3.3 ?India can be "pharmacy of the world" says ??ES21
42.3.3.1 ?Pharma sector: Way forward (आगे का रास्ता)
42.4 ?IPR → Evergreening of Patents (पेटेंट को सदाबहार करना / रखना)
42.5 ?IPR → Utility Patents: उपयोगिता पेटेंट
42.6 ?? IPR → National IPR Policy 2016
42.7 ?? IPR → Notable Schemes
42.8 ?? IPR → Indices & Rankings
42.8.1 ?? IPR Index → Global Innovation Index (GII: वैश्विक नवीनीकरण सूचकांक)
42.8.2 ? Index → Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) by WEF
42.8.3 ? Index → NITI’s India Innovation Index (भारत नवाचार सूचकांक)
42.8.4 ?? IPR Index → Misc. फालतू वाले
42.9 1212 ES21 on R&D Funding by Indian private Sector Companies
42.9.1 ?? Number of patents filed by a resident of a given country
42.9.2 ?? Gross domestic expenditure on Research & Development (GERD)
43 ?♂️Sectors: Ease of Doing Business Report
43.1.1 ?♂️?EoD → Indian States’ EoD: BRAP Ranking 2020
43.1.2 ?♂️?EoD → Economic Freedom of the World (2020, Sept)
43.1.3 ??ES20 Vol1ch6 on Ease of Doing Biz in India: observed
43.2 ??♀️Pro-Business vs Pro-Crony, ??ES20Vol1Ch3
43.2.1 ?♀️??Cronyism: Related Party Transaction (RPT: संबंधित पक्षों से लेनदेन)
43.2.2 ?♀️?: ??Cronyism: Economist David Ricardo & Rent Seeking
43.2.3 ?♀️??Crony Capitalism and SENSEX’s 30 companies
43.2.4 ??♀️ Pro-business vs Pro-Crony Policies
43.3 ?♂️⚖️ Ease of doing Biz → Judicial Reforms: न्यायिक सुधार
43.3.1 ?♂️⚖️: ?️♂️ Suggested reforms#1: recruit more judges (न्यायाधीशों की भर्ती)
43.3.2 ?♂️⚖️: ?️♂️ Suggested reforms#2: Create a new Judicial Administrative Service
43.3.3 ?♂️⚖️: ?? Suggested reforms#3: ⏫ courts’ working days
43.3.4 ?♂️⚖️: ?? Suggested reforms#4: E-governance, ICT-Technology
43.3.5 ?♂️⚖️: ✍️Conclusion on Judicial reforms?
43.3.6 ?️♂️??Transparency International → Corruption Perceptions Index 2019
43.4 ?? 1212ES21: Over regulation in India
43.4.1 ?? Overregulation & Uncertainty (अति नियमन तथा अनिश्चितता)
43.4.2 ?? Overregulation: Way Forward- TORA Act
43.4.3 ?? Overregulation Solution: Doctrine of Business Judgment Rule
43.4.4 ?? Overregulation Solution: ‘Minimum Government and Maximum Governance’:
43.4.5 ?? Overregulation Solution: Tribunals Reforms Ordinance, 2021-April
43.5 ?♂️?♂️Ease of doing Biz → Labour Reforms : श्रम सुधार
43.6 ?♂️Ease of doing Biz → Fixed Term Employment 2018
43.7 ?♂️? Minimum Wages (न्यूनतम वेतन)
43.7.1 ?♂️?⚖️ Minimum Wages Act (न्यूनतम मजदूरी अधिनियम 1948)
43.7.1.1 ? Gender injustice (लैंगिक न्याय की कमी)
43.7.1.2 ? New-age workers not covered
43.7.1.3 ? Unorganized workers not represented (असंगठित क्षेत्र के मजदूर)
43.7.2 ?♂️? Minimum Wage Reform: Anoop Satpathy Committee (2019)
43.7.3 ?♂️?? Anoop: why proposal #2 is better?
43.8 ?♂️?? Minimum Wages → Code on Wages 2019 (वेतन कोड/ संहिता)
43.8.1 ?♂️?? Code on Wages 2019 →Salient Features (figures not IMP)
43.8.2 ?? ES19 on Minimum Wages reforms (what more we can do?)
43.8.2.1 Simplification and Rationalisation (सरलीकरण किया जाए, न्यायोचित बनाया जाए)
43.8.2.2 Use ICT to enforce Minimum Wage (सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी का प्रयोग)
43.8.2.3 Adopt Best Practices from abroad (अन्य देशों की अच्छी नीतियों से सीखे)
43.8.3 ✍? Conclusion: Indeed minimum wage enforcement is important
43.9 ?♂️?Ease of doing Biz (EoD) → Factories Act reforms
43.9.1 ?⚖️ Factories (Amendment) Bill, 2014
43.10 ???⚔️??(EoD) → Industrial Dispute Act 1947, 2010
43.11 ?♂️?Ease of doing Biz → Shram suvidha Portal (2014)
43.12 ?♂️? ??♀️⚖️EoD → Corona: Suspension of Labour Laws?
43.12.1 ??♀️⚖️Corona Suspension Labour laws: Union says NO!!
43.12.2 ??♀️⚖️ DON'T punish employers if they can't pay full salaries- SC
43.12.3 ??♀️⚖️ Banking = Public Utility Service (सार्वजनिक उपयोगिता सेवा)
43.13 ?♂️?Ease of doing Biz → Building Homes & Running Shops
43.13.1 ?♂️?Ease of doing Biz → Model Shops & Establishments Bill, 2016
43.13.2 ?♂️?Ease of doing Biz → Real Estate Regulation & Development Act
44 Sectors of Economy → Mfg → ?Textile & MSME
44.1 ??♀️?Textiles Ministry (कपडा / वस्त्र मंत्रालय)
44.1.1 ??? Textile Ministry → Notable schemes / initiatives
44.1.2 ??Textile & Leather Industry: Past Economic Surveys’ suggestions:
44.2 ?? Mfg & Services → MSME → Ministry
44.2.1 ???? MSME Problems: RBI’s UK Sinha report (2019)
44.2.1.1 ?Easier registration (पंजीकरण आसान हो)
44.2.1.2 ?Easier loans (ऋण कर्जा आसानी से मिले)
44.2.1.3 ?Easier NPA resolution (दिवालियापन का आसानी से समाधान हो)
44.2.1.4 ?Pending payments (बकाया पैसा तुरंत चुकाया जाए)
44.2.1.5 ? Give them training & social security. (तालीम व सामाजिक सुरक्षा)
44.2.2 ??MSME Ministry → PM's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
44.2.3 ?? MSME Ministry → ASPIRE (2015)
44.2.4 ??MSME Ministry → Solar Charkha Mission (2018)
44.2.5 ??MSME Ministry → Gramodyog Vikas Yojana
44.2.6 ?? ?? MSME Ministry → Misc. Initiatives
44.2.7 ???? MSME Ministry → Public Procurement Order(सार्वजनिक खरीद/अधिप्राप्ति आदेश)
44.2.8 ????? Public Procurement → GeM Portal
44.2.9 ?? MSME → PM's Initiatives for MSMEs (2018, Nov)
44.2.10 ?????? MSME → Atma-Nirbhar Funding/Schemes (2020, Corona)
44.2.11 ?? ??↘️??? ES19: MSME dwarfism shd be discouraged (बौनापन)
44.2.12 ??↘️???: ? MSME ‘Dwarfism’ is caused by Govt schemes
44.2.13 ??↗️?? MSME ‘Dwarfism’: Suggested Reforms by ES19
44.2.14 ? ??? ATMANI: MSME Definition Changed by Government
44.2.15 ✍? Conclusion-Template for MSME (निष्कर्ष)
44.2.16 Sectors of Economy: Service Sector – Data from 1212ES21
44.2.17 ???Service Sector: IT & BPM
44.2.18 ???Other Service Provider (OSP) guidelines of the Department of Telecom.
44.2.19 ????:12 Knowledge economy of India: Threats/Challenges
44.3 ?️♂️ Mfg → Bodies for quality standards (गुणवत्ता के मानक)
44.3.1 ?️♂️Consumer Affairs Ministry → Statutory → BIS (1986)
44.3.1.1 ?️♂️: ? BIS & Gold Hallmarking
44.3.2 ?️♂️ Commerce Ministry → Not-Statutory → QCI (1997)
44.3.3 ?️♂️ Commerce Ministry → Not-Statutory → NPC (1958)
44.3.4 ?️♂️ Power Ministry → Statutory → BEE (2001-02)
44.3.5 ?️♂️ Health ministry→ Statutory → FSSAI (2006)
44.4 ?️♂️? Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (उपभोक्ता संरक्षण)
44.4.1 ?️♂️? Consumer Protection Act 2019 → bodies → Consumer court
44.4.2 ?️♂️? Consumer Protection Act 2019 → bodies → others
44.4.3 ?️♂️? Consumer Protection Act 2019 → Features
44.5 ✍️? Mains Questions in Previous GSM2 & GSM3
44.5.1 ✍️? Mock Questions for Mains → Minimum wages, MSME Dwarfism
44.5.2 ✍️? Mock Questions for Mains → Post Independence: PM Rao (2020)
EF4C_HDT3_Indicators_GDP_IIP_PCB3.pdf (p.127-195)
45 ??? Economic Planning & Economic Systems
45.1.1 ? Capitalism- Great Reset Initiative by W.E.F (विश्व आर्थिक मंच की ग्रेट रीसेट पहल)
45.2 ??? Economic Planning: आर्थिक योजना
45.2.1 ? Types of Economic Planning (आर्थिक योजना के प्रकार)
45.2.2 ?? ? Economy Planning → Before Independence:
45.3 ?? ? Economy Planning → After Independence
45.4 ??? Planning Commission → Five Year plans
45.5 ?♂️?Planning Commission: Limitations / Shortcomings
45.6 ??? Planning Commission vs Niti Aayog: Structure
45.7 ??? Planning Commission vs Niti Aayog: Functions
45.8 ? NITI → Notable initiatives / how different from PC?
45.9 ?️♂️ ? Economy Planning → PM-EAC?
45.9.1 ? Economy Planning → PRAGATI?
45.10 ➗? ?️♂️ ? [Yearbook] MOSPI, NSSO, CSO, NSO
45.11 ➗? ?️♂️? National Statistical Commission (राष्ट्रीय सांख्यिकी आयोग)
45.11.1 ➗? ?️♂️? Standing Committee on Economic Statistics (SCES)
45.11.2 ➗?? Mahalanobis National Award for Statistics
45.11.3 ➗?⚖️ Collection of Statistics Act, 2008
46 ?♂️ Pillar#4C: Indicators → Unemployment
46.1.1 ???International Labour Organization (ILO: अंतरराष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन)
46.1.2 ??Occupational structure of Indian Workers- as per 1212ES21
46.2 ?♂️ Unemployment → Involuntary → Types
46.3 ?♂️ Unemployment → NSO Survey Types
46.4 ?♂️ Indicators → unemployment rate (UR)
46.5 ?♂️?♂️ Workers Classification by NSO
46.5.1 ?♂️?♂️ Worker Types → Census-2011 classification of workers
46.5.2 ?♂️?? Worker Types → Unorganized sector
46.5.3 ?⏳ Worker Types → Informal worker (अयथावधि/अनौपचारिक मजदूर)
46.5.4 ??? Worker Types → Gig workers & Two sided market - 1212ES21
46.6 ?♂️/( ?♂️ ?♂️) Indicators → Worker Population Ratio (WPR)
46.7 ?♂️/( ??♂️?) Indicators → Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
47 ?⌚️?Pillar#4: Indicators → GDP
47.1 ??GDP Calculation Method#1→ via Expenditure (व्यय द्वारा)
47.2 ??GDP Calculation Method → via Expenditure (NSO Real Life)
47.3 ?? GDP Calc Method → via Production/GVA (उत्पादन द्वारा)
47.3.1 From GVA to GDP
47.3.2 GDP Misc Topics → Discrepancy (विसंगति)?
47.4 ?? GDP Calculation Method → via Income (WIPR)
47.5 ?? GDP Calculation Method → via Income (CSO real life)
47.6 ?? GDP → Growth Rate & Deflator (वृद्धि दर, अपस्फीतिकारक)
47.6.1 ???12 GDP Misc Topics → Backseries Controversy? (विवाद)
47.6.2 ?1212ES20 Vol1ch10: India GDP is not overstated
47.6.3 ?GDP Misc Topics → Changing base years to 2017 & 18
47.6.4 ?GDP Misc Topics → (Proposed) City-level GDP
47.7 ??? GDP → Growth Rate → Economic Cycle
47.7.1 ???Post-Corona: V-shaped recovery for India?
47.7.2 ✌️?? ??Low base effect in GDP growth
47.7.3 ?Misc. Terms: Animal spirit in the economy
47.7.4 ♨️Misc. Terms: Pent up demand (दबी हुई मांग)
47.7.5 ? Misc. Terms: Hysteresis
48 ??⌚️?GDP Growth Rate & 5 Trillion Economy
48.1.1 ??️♂️?World Bank-ICP's GDP series based on PPP
48.1.2 ? Budget-2019: $5 Trillion economy
48.2 ??⌚️?GDP Growth Rate BEFORE Corona
48.2.1 ?? Growth rate: why fall / decline? (B4 Corona)
48.2.2 ?? Declining Growth rate: future risks / challenges
48.2.3 ??️♂️??Declining Growth rate: glass is still half-full!
48.3 ???⌚️?GDP Growth Rate in Corona
48.3.1 ???⌚️?Negative GDP Growth: Demand & Supply-side Shocks in Corona
48.3.2 ???Negative GDP Growth: Agriculture an outlier
48.3.3 ???⌚️?Negative GDP growth: Post Independence
48.3.4 ???⌚️?Negative GDP growth: Impact on States in Corona
48.4 ?⌚️?? GDP → $5 Trillion → How to Achieve?: 1212ES strategy
48.4.1 ?⌚️?? GDP → $5 Trillion → How to Achieve?: NITI strategy
48.4.2 ??ES20 Vol1Ch1 on Wealth Creation (धन सृजन)
48.4.3 ??ES20: Countercyclic Fiscal Policy, Interest Rate Growth Rate Differential (IRGD)
48.4.4 ?♂️? ES19: GDP growth harmed during Economic Policy Uncertainty
48.4.5 ?? ES19: How to reduce Economic Policy Uncertainty
48.4.5.1 Make Policies predictable (पूर्वानुमान करने योग्य)
48.4.5.2 Keep consistency in promises (वादों में सामंजस्य / निरंतरता रखिये)
48.4.5.3 Policy implementations must be monitored (अविरल निगरानी)
48.4.5.4 Respect boundaries (एक दूसरे की सीमाओं का सम्मान कीजिए)
48.4.6 ✍? Conclusion: Policy Uncertainty
48.4.7 ✍? Conclusion: 5 Trillion economy?
48.4.8 ?? Global Risk Report (वैश्विक जोखिम रिपोर्ट)
48.5 ??⌚️?? GDP → $5 Trillion → Atma-Nirbhar Bharat
48.5.1 ?? Chronology wise total allotment
48.5.2 ??⌚️?? Atma-Nirbhar Bharat Salient features
48.5.3 ?✋?? Atmani-Criticism: insufficient ₹ to revive Indian economy
48.5.4 ?✋?? Criticism: Statistical Window Dressing (अंको की फर्जी दिखावट)
48.5.5 ?✋???? Criticism: States Fiscal problems not given sufficient help
48.5.6 ?✋???? Criticism: Regional Imbalance (असंतुलित क्षेत्रीय विकास)
48.5.7 ?✋? Atmani-Criticism: Modi merely copying Nehru’s ideas
48.5.9 ?✋?♀️Alternate Suggestions to revive Economy: अन्य सुझाव
48.6.1 ??Misc. Terms: Chinese Atma Nirbhar/ Dual circulation (दोहरा परिसंचरण)
48.7 ? GDP → GNP to NNP to Per Capita Income
48.7.1 ? GDP → National Income → Misc. concepts
48.7.2 ?Types of Nations : High Income, Low Income
48.7.3 ?Types of Nations : Advanced Economies (AE : उन्नत अर्थव्यवस्थाएं)
48.7.4 ?Types of Nations : EMDEs (उभरते बाजार और विकासशील अर्थतंत्र)
48.7.5 ?Types of Nations : Bangladesh transition from LDC to Developing Country
48.7.6 ?Bangladesh Per Capita GDP higher than India?
48.8 ?? GDP & Per Capita Income→ Criticism / Limitations
48.8.1 GDP → is everyone benefitting?
48.9 ✍️? Mains Questions: GDP, Economic Growth
48.9.1 ✍️? Mains Questions → Mock Questions → Atma-Nirbhar
48.9.2 ✍️? Mains Questions → Mock Questions → GDP Growth
48.9.3 ✍️? Mains Questions → Previous Years’ official Questions
49 ?Pillar#4C: Indicators → Inflation
49.1 ?Inflationary and deflationary gaps
49.2 ?? Inflation: Types based on causation (कारणता के अनुसार)
49.3 ?? Inflation types based on Speed / Quantum
49.3.1 ? Inflation → Base Effect?
49.4 ?? Effects on individuals
49.5 Combating inflation or deflation
49.6 ???Pillar#4: Indices: CPI, WPI, IIP & others
49.7 ???Index → Inflation indices
49.7.1 ???CPI-IW: New reforms in 2020- Oct
49.7.2 CPI-IW: Weightage of components
49.7.3 ???Index → Inflation → CPI (All India), NSO, Base: 2012
49.7.4 ??? Inflation rate %: how is it calculated?
49.7.5 ??? Headline vs Core CPI?
49.7.6 ??? CPI Inflation is higher in urban areas than rural area because
49.7.7 ??? CPI in Corona- 1212ES21
49.7.8 ???: ?Inflation targeting by RBI- focus on Core CPI or Headline CPI?
49.7.9 ???Index → Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI: उपभोक्ता खाद्य महंगाई सूचकांक)
49.7.10 ???Index → Inflation → Wholesale Price Index, EA-DPIIT, Base: 2011
49.7.11 ???WPI Kabhi ⏬ kabhi ⏫
49.7.12 ???Index → Inflation → Other Indices
49.7.13 ???: Inflation observations by 1212ES20 Vol2Ch5
49.7.14 ??? Thalinomics by 1212ES20: Vol1Ch11
49.7.15 ??? Thalinomics data in 1212ES21
49.8 ???Index → Production → Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
49.8.1 IIP's weights in ascending order (classification: use based)
49.8.2 IIP's weights in (sector-based)
49.8.3 ???: IIP Before Corona Year 2020
49.8.4 ???: IIP in Corona-2020
49.9 ???Index → Production → Index of Eight Core Industries
49.10 ???Index → Production → Misc. indices
49.10.1 ✍️? Mock Questions for Mains → Inflation
Mrunal_PCB3_Pillar5.pdf (p.644-747) !!AbAn!!
EF5A_HDT_Infrastructure_BiPaSA_PCB3.pdf (p.1-60)
50 ? Infrastructure → Meaning & Characteristics
50.1 ?⚒Infrastructure → Mining (खनन) / Basic Industries
50.1.1 ?️♂️? [Yearbook] Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises
50.1.2 ?️♂️ ? [Yearbook] Ministry of Steel (इस्पात मंत्रालय)
50.1.2.1 ? Steel → Purvodaya Initiative (2020)
50.1.3 ?️♂️? [Yearbook] Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers
50.1.4 ?️♂️⛽️ [Yearbook] Yearbook: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
50.1.5 ⛽️ 1212ES2016-17 on petroleum / gas reserves
50.1.6 ?️♂️[Yearbook] Ministry of Mines ( खान मंत्रालय)
50.1.7 ?⚒? Mineral Products in India: (भारत के खनिज उत्पादन)
50.1.8 ?⚒? National Mineral Policy (NMP) 2019
50.1.9 ?⚒⚖️ Mining → MMDR Act 2015
50.2 ? Mining → Coal (कोयला)
50.2.1 ??️♂️ [Yearbook] Coal Ministry (कोयला मंत्रालय) consists of →
50.2.2 ?⚖️ Mineral Laws (Amendment) Ordinance/Act 2020
50.2.3 ?? Coal selling?
50.2.4 ???Mining → Atma-Nirbhar (खनन)
50.2.5 ? ?? Coal Energy: Economic survey suggestions / observations:
50.2.6 ??⚒ Mining → Misc. Schemes, Apps, Portals, Issues
51 ?Infra → Energy → Electricity (ऊर्जा → विद्युत)
51.1.1 ?️♂️? [Yearbook] Ministry of Power (विद्युत-ऊर्जा मंत्रालय)
51.2 ?️♂️? National Electricity Distribution Company
51.2.1 ? IEX = Current-PDF-walla gone crazier than usual
51.3 ?✝️☪️? Electricity → One Nation-One Grid
51.3.1 ?♻️ Grid → Green Energy Corridor Project (हरित ऊर्जा गलियारा परियोजना)
51.4 ??? Electricity → Power Ministry’s Apps Overdoze12
51.5 ???Electricity → Integrated Power Development Scheme
51.5.1 ?⏱ Electricity → Prepaid Smart Meters for Electricity
51.6 ??:??Electricity: NPA Solve → UDAY (2015)
51.6.1 ??:??Electricity: NPA Solve → (proposed) Pariwartan (2018)
51.6.2 ?⚡️Energy → DISCOMs Liquidity injection (पैसा की तरलता देके जान फूंकना)
51.6.3 ?⚡️Energy infra→ Electricity reforms (बिजली क्षेत्र में सुधार)
51.6.4 ?DRAFT Electricity (Amendment) Bill 2020 (बिजली सुधार विधेयक का प्रारूप/मसौदा )
51.7 ???Electricity → Deen dayal gram jyoti Yojana (2015)
51.8 ??? Electricity → PM Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (saubhagya)
51.8.1 ??⚖️Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules,2020: बिजली उपभोक्ता अधिकार नियम
51.8.2 ?✍️Conclusion: yes electricity access is imp.
51.9 ??↘️ Electricity → Use ‘Less’ → Energy Efficiency
51.9.1 ??↘️?? Electricity → Use ‘Less’ → PAT Mechanism
51.9.2 ? ?↘️ ?? Electricity → Use ‘Less’ → National LED Programme
51.9.3 ? ?↘️ ?? Electricity → Use ‘Less’ → Gram Ujala Programme
51.9.4 ? ?↘️ ?? Electricity → Use ‘Less’ → Misc. Schemes & Topics
51.9.5 ? ?↘️ ?? Electricity → Index → Global Reports
51.9.6 ? ?↘️ ?? Electricity → Index → State Energy Efficiency Index 2019
51.10 ?♻️ Infra → Energy → Renewable (नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा)
51.10.1 ?♻️?️♂️ Energy → Renewable → [Yearbook] MNRE
51.10.2 ???? ? Renewable → KUSUM (Solar for farmer) 2019
51.10.3 ???? Renewable → Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
51.10.4 ?♻️?? Renewable → Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO)
51.10.5 ?♻️?? Renewable →World's largest Hybrid renewable energy park- Khavda
51.10.6 ???? Renewable /energy Efficiency → Ranking / Portals
51.11 ?? Infra → Energy → Cooking (रसोई के लिए)
51.11.1 ?? ?? Cooking → Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh (PAHAL-2015)
51.11.2 ?? ?? Cooking → Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
51.11.3 ?? ?? Cooking → Misc. (विविध योजनाएं)
51.11.4 ? ⚡️☢️Energy infra→ Atomic energy → Atma-Nirbhar (परमाणु ऊर्जा)
52 ? Infra → Water & Sanitation (जल व् स्वच्छता)
52.1 ??? Infra → Sanitation→ Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM: 2014)
52.1.1 ?? Target of Swatchhta Diwas 2/10/2019 → Gandhi’s 150th Birth Anniversary
52.1.2 ?? SBM → How to achieve targets?
52.1.3 ??️♂️ SBM → Who implements this scheme?
52.2 ?SBM Gramin Phase 2
52.2.1 Urban Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 announced in 12Budget-2021
52.2.2 ?SBM Protocols (कार्यपद्धति)
52.2.3 ??Why do we need SBM? Economic surveys observed:
52.2.4 ?? Swatchh Bharat: What more can we do- Eco Survey19 Suggestions?
52.2.5 ?✍?Conclusion: Summary: Yes SBM is important
52.2.6 ?? Infra → Sanitation → Swachhta Udyami Yojana (2014)
53 ?Infra → Transport → H20 → Inland Waterways
53.1.1 ? ?️♂️Inland Waterways → IWAI
53.1.2 ? Inland Waterways → National Waterways (राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग)
53.1.3 ??? Inland Waterways → Jal Marg Vikas Project (2014)
53.2 ⚓️Infra → Transport → H20 → Shipping & Ports
53.2.1 ?? [Yearbook] Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways नौवहन मंत्रालय consists of
53.2.2 ⚓️Types of Ports- Classification Method#1: Major and Minor Ports
53.2.3 ⚓️Types of Ports- Classification Method#2
53.2.4 ⚓️⚖️Major Port Authorities Bill, 2020
53.2.5 ⚓️??♂️Ports → Challenges in India बंदरगाह में चुनौतिया
53.2.6 ⚓️??1212ES20 Vol1ch6: logistics Challenge in India (मालसामान परिवहन)
53.2.7 ⚓️?? Logistics Ranking
53.2.8 ⚓️?? Infra → Transport → H20 → Ports → Sagarmala Project
53.2.9 ⚓️ ?? Infra → Transport → H20 → Blue economy Policy 2021
53.2.10 ⚓️? ⚖️ Infra → Transport → Multi-Modal Transportation of Goods Bill, 2019
54 ? Infra → Transport → Road (सड़क)
54.1.1 [Yearbook] Min. of Road Transport & Highways सडक परिवहन एवं राजमार्ग मंत्रालय →
54.2 ? Infra → Transport → Road → Types
54.3 ? ?? TRANSPORT→ NHAI (1988)
54.4 ??? TRANSPORT→ NHDP (1998)
54.5 ??? TRANSPORT→ Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (2000)
54.6 ??? TRANSPORT→ Bharatmala Pariyojana (2017)
54.7 ?? TRANSPORT→ E-toll collection via FASTag (2017)
54.8 ?? TRANSPORT→ NoWAIT@Railway Crossing: Setu Bharatam
54.8.1 ?? TRANSPORT→ Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana
54.9 ?? TRANSPORT→ NOUSE Fossil Fuel → Electric Vehicle
54.9.1 ???? EVs in India: steps taken to promote them
54.9.2 ??? 100% EV Adoption? NITI vs Highway Ministry differ
54.9.3 ??? ? ES19: EVs in India: Charging is the biggest challenge.
54.9.4 ??E-Vehicle: Lithium → Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (2019)
54.9.5 ?? TRANSPORT→ ?? ⏬ Fossil Fuel Emission → Bharat Stage Norms
54.9.6 ?? ⏬Decarbonizing Transport in India (2020-June)
54.9.7 Vehicle Scrappage Policy [वाहन परिमार्जन नीति]
54.10 ?⚔️?⚖️ Motor Vehicle Amendment Act 2019
54.10.1 ?⚔️?⚖️ MOTOR VEHICLE AMENDMENT ACT 2019 → Gig Drivers
54.11 ?? TRANSPORT→ Bridges & Tunnel & Misc. (सेतु और सुरंग)
54.12 ??Transport → Transborder Connectivity (सीमापार सम्बद्धन)
55 ? Transport → Railway (अग्नीरथ)
55.1.1 ? Railways → Concepts
55.2 ? Railways → Modernization (आधुनिकीकरण)
55.3 ??✈️ Railways → Modernization → Personnel & Organizational Reforms (कार्मिक और संगठनात्मक सुधार)
55.3 ??✈️ Railways → Modernization → Personnel & Organizational Reforms (कार्मिक और संगठनात्मक सुधार)
55.3.1 ??✈️ Railways Personnel Reforms → Unification of Services (सेवाओं का एकीकरण)
55.3.2 ??✈️ Railways Organizational Reforms → Restructuring of Railway Board
55.4 ? ?:? Railways Modernization → Private Train Operators
55.4.1 (? ?:?) ?✋ Challenges in allowing private trains (चुनौतियां)
55.4.2 (? ?:?) ✍️Private Trains → Conclusion- welcome this reform
55.5 ? Railways → Modernization attempts before 2019
55.5.1 ? ? Railways Fares (किराया)→ Rail Development Authority
55.5.2 ? ? Railways Fares→ Concepts
55.5.3 ? Transport → Rail-Modernization → Green Initiatives by Railways
55.5.4 ? Transport → Rail-Modernization → Electric Traction
55.5.5 ? National Rail Plan for India – 2030 [भारत के लिए राष्ट्रीय रेल योजना - 2030]
55.5.6 ? Transport → Rail-Modernization → Safety
55.5.7 ? Transport → Rail Safety → Railways Protection Force (RPF) initiatives-2019
55.5.8 ? Transport → Rail-Types (अग्निरथो के प्रकार)
55.5.9 ? Transport → Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
55.5.10 ? Transport → Metro Rail
55.5.11 ? Transport → Metro Rail → Metro Rail Policy 2017
55.5.12 ? Transport → Hyperloop
55.6 ✈ Transport → Aviation (उड्डयन / हवाई यात्रा)
55.6.1 [Yearbook] Ministry of Civil Aviation नागर विमानन / नागरिक उड्डयन मंत्रालय
55.6.2 ✈ Transport → Cheap flights to Small Towns → UDAN
55.6.3 ✈ Transport → Udan 3.0 (2018)
55.6.4 ✈ Transport → Build More Airports → NABH Nirman
55.6.5 ✈ Transport → Challenges to aviation sector
55.6.6 Airfare price ceiling (हवाई यात्रा दरों में नियंत्रण)
55.6.7 ✈ Transport → Drone Regulation (ड्रोन विनियमन) & GARUD Portal
55.7 ? ⛴✈️ Vande Bharat Mission 2020- Indians ki watan-waapsi
55.7.1 ? ⛴✈️Airbubble Agreement
55.8 ?Tourism & Museum Infrastructure (प्रवासन व संग्रहालय)
55.8.1 ??? [Yearbook] Ministry of Tourism
55.8.2 ? Tourism→ PRASAD & HRIDAY Mission
55.8.3 ? ? Tourism Ministry→ Atma-Nirbhar initiatives
55.8.4 ? Tourism Industry- 1212ES21’s Observations
55.8.5 ???? [Yearbook] Ministry of Culture (संस्कृति मंत्रालय)
55.8.6 ?12Tourism → Museum Infra in 12Budget-2020 (संग्रहालय)
55.9 ✍️Mains Questions in past UPSC exams
EF5B_HDT_Infrastructure_MEGRU_PCB3.pdf (p.61-104)
56 Infrastructure → ? URBAN (शहरी बुनियादी अवसंरचना)
56.1 ? URBAN → Census definitions
56.2 ? URBAN → [Yearbook] MoHUA
56.2.1 2020 marks 5th Anniversary of Urban Mission
56.3 ? URBAN → AMRUT Mission (2015) → 500 cities
56.4 ? URBAN → Smart Cities Mission (2015) → 100 cities
56.4.1 ? Smart Cities → Selection process (चयन प्रक्रिया)
56.4.2 ? ? Smart Cities → funding and administration (वित्त और प्रशासन)
56.4.3 ? ? Smart Cities → Criticism / Challenges (आलोचना / चुनौतियाँ)
56.4.4 ? ?Sister City project
56.4.5 ? Cities → Misc → Floor Space index (FSI)
56.4.6 ? ?? Cities → TULIP Internship (2020-June)
56.4.7 ? ???? URBAN → Misc → PH friendly → Sugamya Bharat (2014)
56.4.8 ? ??? URBAN → Misc → Nagar VAN (2020-Jun)
56.4.9 ? URBAN → Misc → Parliament area, Central Vista
56.4.10 ? ? Cities → Misc → TWO Indices for Quality of Life
56.4.11 ? ? Cities → Misc → Indices / Data
56.4.12 ✍️ Urbanization conclusion (शहरीकरण: निष्कर्ष)
56.5 (?) Infra → (Urban and Rural) → Housing for all by 2022
56.5.1 ?(?) → Affordable rental housing Complexes (AHRC)
56.5.2 (?) → PMAY–U → Angikaar
56.5.3 (?) → National Urban Housing Fund 2018
56.5.4 ? (?) → SWAMIH Fund
56.5.5 (?) PM Unauthorized colonies in Delhi Awaas adhikar Yojna (PM-UDAY)
56.5.6 (?) Sustainable Housing → World Habitat Award to Odisha’s JAGA Mission
56.5.7 (?) Sustainable Housing → Global Housing Technology Challenge 2019
56.5.8 (?) → Model Tenancy Act, 2019 (आदर्श किरायेदारी अधिनियम)
56.5.9 (?) → Corona: Landlords, tenants, rent & eviction
57 Infra → Rural (?)
57.1.1 ?️♂️ [Yearbook] Ministry of Rural Development ग्रामीण विकास मंत्रालय
57.2 ? RURAL → Shyama Prasad Mukherjee rurban mission
57.3 ? RURAL → Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (2018)
57.3.1 ? ? Panchayati Raj Day & Portals & Awareness Campaigns
57.3.2 ?? ? Swamitva scheme for land survey & title disputes (2020)
57.4 ??? RURAL → MPLADS (1993)
57.4.1 ? ? MPLADS Suspended (योजना को स्थगित करना)
57.5 ? RURAL → Adarsh Gram Yojanas
57.6 ? RURAL → Border Area Development Programme (BADP).
57.6.1 ? Border infra and Shekatkar Committee (सीमा क्षेत्रों में बुनियादी अवसंरचना)
57.7 ?⚔️Infrastructure: Disaster, Security & Strategic Affairs
57.7.1 ?️♂️?♂️ [Yearbook] Ministry of Home (गृह मंत्रालय)
57.7.2 ?️♂️ ? Disaster Infrastructure → Home Ministry → CDRI 2019
57.7.3 ?️♂️? Ministry of Defence (रक्षा मंत्रालय)
57.7.4 ????Draft Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy 2020
57.7.5 ?️♂️Ministry of External Affairs (विदेश मामलों का मंत्रालय)
58 ?Infrastructure → Communication (संचार)
58.1.1 ?️♂️ [Yearbook] Ministry of Communication (संचार मंत्रालय)
58.1.2 ?️♂️ Ministry of Communication → fraud prevention bodies
58.1.3 ?️♂️Dept of Telecommunications → Digital Communications Commission
58.1.4 ?? Ministry of Electronics & IT इलेक्ट्रोनिकी एवं सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय
58.2 Communication (?/?) related Regulators
58.2.1 ?? Comm → Regulators → TRAI
58.2.2 ??? Comm → Stolen phone? → Central Equipment Identity Register portal
58.2.3 ??? Telecom → Emergency Response Support System (ERSS)
58.3 ? Communication → Telecom
58.3.1 ☎️⚔️?Telecom Controversy not so greatly imp for exams
58.3.1.1 ☎️⚔️? Telecom → 2G Spectrum Scam
58.3.1.2 ☎️⚔️? Controversy: Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR)
58.3.1.3 ☎️⚔️? Controversy: Interconnect Usage Charges (IUC)
58.4 ? Communication → IT → Digital India programme
58.4.1 ? Digital India → PM-WANI Public Wifi (2020-Dec)
58.5 ?/? → IT/Telecom → Training (existing schemes)
58.6 ???? Communication → IT → 5G revolution in India
58.6.1 ???? Challenges and Opportunities in of 5G (इसे अपनाने में चुनौतियां+अवसर )
58.6.2 ?♂️ 5G Hackathon by DoT (2020)
58.6.3 5G Trials start in India (2021)
58.6.4 ??♂️ NEST Division in MEA
58.7 ? Communication → IT → Private initiatives for internet
58.7.1 ?? COMMUNICATION → IT → Ranking Digital Quality of Life Index
58.8 ? ? ? ES19: Public Data: For the people, by the people
58.8.1 ?Types of Government Data
58.8.2 ? ?Public Data: Opportunities through Data integration
58.8.3 ? Telangana Government’s Samagra Vedika initiative:
58.8.4 ? Govt efforts to release statistical data [सांख्यिकी डेटा को सार्वजनिक बनाना]
58.8.5 ?? Challenges in public data [सार्वजनिक डेटा कीचुनौतियां]
58.8.6 ??⚖️ Draft Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA)
58.8.7 ? ✍?Conclusion: Public Data (सार्वजनिक डेटा)
58.9 ??? [YB] Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (सूचना एवं प्रसारण मंत्रालय)
58.9.1 ???? Comm → Regulators (Statutory) → Censor board
58.9.2 ??? Comm → Regulators (Statutory) → Press Council of India
58.10 ??SPACE TECH Infrastructure (अवकाश क्षेत्र)
58.10.1 ???Space Tech: Atma-Nirbhar
59 ?? Infra → GSM3: Investment Models (निवेश के तरीके)
59.1 ??? Infra.Dev.→ PPP (Public Private Partnership)
59.2 ???? Infra.Dev. → PPP (Greenfield) Models
59.2.1 ???? Infra.Dev. → PPP (Brownfield) BLT & ToT
59.2.2 ???? Infra.Dev. → PPP (Brownfield) → OMDA Model
59.2.3 ???? PPP/Privatization: Airport Bundling
59.3 ???? Infra.Dev. → Non-PPP
59.4 ???? ? Infra.Dev. → Non-PPP → GOCO for Indian Army
59.4.1 ?GoCo Mechanism?
59.4.2 ?GoCo: Pros and Cons
59.5 ?????Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM) = mix of PPP + NonPPP
59.6 ???Infra.Dev → Misc. Topics
59.6.1 ?????Swiss Challenge (स्विस चुनौती / ललकार)
59.6.2 ???Viability Gap Funding (VGF: व्यवहार्यता अन्तर फंडिंग)
59.7 ?? Infrastructure Funds
59.7.1 ?? National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF: 2015)
59.7.2 ? (Full) Budget-2019 on NIIF, Investment & PPP
59.7.3 ?Atma-Nirbhar 3.0: NIIF Strategic Opportunities Fund
59.7.4 ? Budget-2021: National MONETISATION Pipeline 2021
59.8 ?? Infra Finance → National infrastructure pipeline (NIP)
59.8.1 ?? NIP → Infra Finance Reforms → Financial Market Reforms
59.8.2 ?? NIP → Infra Finance Reforms → Credit Enhancement Fund (CEF)
59.8.3 ?? NIP → Others reforms
59.9 (???)?PPP challenges (चुनौतियां)
59.10 ?✍️Infra → Conclusion (सार / निष्कर्ष)
59.11 ✍️Mains Questions in past UPSC exams
59.11.1 Mains Mock Questions from these topics
59.11.2 ✍️ ? Mains previous years’ questions from these topics
Mrunal_PCB3_Pillar6.pdf (p.748-883) !!AbAn!!
EF6A_HDT_HRD_CENSUS_Health_Hunger_PCB3.pdf (p.1-37)
60 ?HRD → Population Census (जनगणना)
60.1.1 ?️♂️?Census -2021
60.1.2 ??Demographic transition → Census perspective
60.1.3 ??Demographic Transition → Theoretical Perspective
60.1.4 ?x?=??Malthusian Theory of Population Growth
60.2 ??Demographic Indicators (जनसांख्यिकी संकेतक)
60.2.1 ? Census-2011: migration & occupation (स्थानान्तरण)
60.2.2 ??Demographic Indicators → National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5)
60.2.3 ??Demographic Indicators → Sample Registration System (SRS)
60.3 ?↘️ ?:?National Population Policy 2000 (राष्ट्रीय जनसंख्या नीति)
60.3.1 ?↗️?♂️:? World Population Prospects 2019 (Released in 2019-Jul)
60.3.2 ?↗️?♂️:? State of World Population Report
60.4 ?? ES19: Indian Demography @2040- Policy suggestions
60.4.1 ?? 60.4.2 ?? 60.4.3 ?? 60.4.4 ?? 61 ? HRD → Health (स्वास्थ्य)
61.1.1 ?? ? ? [YEARBOOK] Ministry of Science and Technology
61.1.2 ???? [YEARBOOK] Ministry of Health And Family Welfare
61.1.3 ???? World Health Organization (WHO: विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन)
61.1.4 ????[YEARBOOK] Ayush Ministry
61.1.5 ? ?:? → National Health Policy 2017 (राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य नीति)
61.1.6 ? ?:? → National Policy for Rare Diseases-2020
61.2 ???️♂️ → Cheap Medicine → NPPA Price control
61.3 ??? → Cheap Medicine → PM Bhartiya Janaushadi Pariyojana
61.4 ??? → National Health Mission (2005: राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य मिशन)
61.5 ? → Mother & Child Healthcare (??)
61.5.1 ???? → Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS-1975)
61.5.2 ???? → via NRHM’s JSY & JSSK
61.5.3 ???? → PM Matru Vandana Yojana (₹ 5k for 1st child+1k from other scheme*)
61.5.4 ??? → Vaccination (टीकाकरण)
61.5.5 ???? Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 3.0 from 2021 onwards
61.6 ??♂️? → Adolescent boys and girls (किशोर)
61.6.1 ???? → WCD Ministry’s 3 Umbrella Schemes in 2021
61.7 ??? → Ayushman Bharat & PMJAY ₹ 5 lakh insurance
61.7.1 ?Health Cess to build hospitals -2020
61.7.2 ?Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Nidhi (PMSSN) 2021-March
61.7.3 ????15th FC: Sector Specific Grants (क्षेत्र-विशिष्ट अनुदान)-Health
61.8 ??? → National Health Mission → Comm/Non-Comm diseases
61.9 ?1212ES21vol1Ch5 on Healthcare problems-Solutions
61.9.1 ???ES21: Indian Healthcare Problems:
61.9.2 ???ES21: Healthcare Solutions: Oligopsony for universal health insurance coverage
61.9.3 ???ES21: Indian Healthcare Solutions: Patient Rights like UK, Sweden
61.10 ?1212ES21Vol1Ch1- Corona Saving Lives & Livelihood
61.10.1 ?1212Basic Reproduction Number R0
61.10.2 ?1212Mitigation versus suppression
61.11 ??: ??? Atma-Nirbhar Bharat → Medicine / Health
61.11.1 ??: ???→ National Digital Health Mission (15th Aug, 2020)
61.11.2 ??: ???→Draft Health Data Management Policy (स्वास्थ्य डेटा प्रबंधन नीति)
61.11.3 ???Health → E-Sanjeevani telemedicine
61.11.4 ???Health → iGOT
61.11.5 ???? PM AtmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana [PMASBY] from ?Budget-2021
61.11.6 ??: ???: Corona → Health Apps / Portal / Initative overdoze
61.12 ??? → Health: Misc. Schemes (विविध गौण योजनाए)
61.12.1 ??? NITI’s “Healthy States, Progressive India” Report 2019 (released 2019-Jul)
61.12.2 ???National Health Profile 2019 (Released in 2019-Oct)
61.12.3 ?✍️→ Conclusion-Template-Health? (निष्कर्ष)
61.13 ? HRD → Health → Hunger, Malnutrition, Food Security
61.13.1 ? ??[YEARBOOK] Min. of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution
61.13.2 ??? → Hunger → Schemes before NFSA
61.13.3 ??? → Hunger → National Food Security Act 2013 (खाद्य सुरक्षा कानून)
61.13.4 ???:? → Hunger → NFSA → One Nation One Ration Card
61.13.5 ??? Hunger → Food distribution reforms taken by Govt
61.13.6 ??? Hunger → NFSA → 1212ES20 says ⏬number of beneficiaries
61.13.7 ????? Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY)- free grains in Corona
61.13.7 ????? Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY)- free grains in Corona
61.13.8 ????? Corona: other initiatives for cooking / hunger?
61.13.9 ??? → Hunger → Malnutrition (कुपोषण) → Poshan Abhiyaan (2018)
61.13.9.1 ?️♂️Poshan → National Council on India's Nutrition Challenges
61.13.10 ??? → Hunger → Malnutrition (कुपोषण) → Mission Poshan 2.0 (2021)
61.13.11 ?? → Global Hunger Index (GHI: वैश्विक भूख/क्षुधा सूचकांक)
61.13.12 ?? → State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report
61.13.13 ?? → Food Waste Index Report 2021 [अन्न बर्बादी सूचकांक]
61.13.14 ?? → Global Nutrition Report
61.13.15 ?? ✍️→ Conclusion-Template-Hunger? (क्षुधा - निष्कर्ष)
EF6B_HDT_HRD_EDU_SKILL_POVERTY_PCB3.pdf (p.38-88)
62 ?HRD → Education (शिक्षा)
62.1.1 ? Edu →??[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Human Resource Development/Education
62.1.2 ? ?? Bodies → Higher Edu → HEFA (2016)
62.1.3 ? ?? Bodies → Vedic Edu → Bharatiya Shiksha Board
62.1.4 ???[YEARBOOK] Notable Schools funded by Union
62.2 ????New education policy 2020 (नई शिक्षा नीति)
62.2.1 ✍️NEP-2020: Introduction (परिचय)
62.2.2 ?Education: Schooling → Curriculum changed (स्कूली पाठ्यक्रम में बदलाव)
62.2.3 ?♂️Education: Primary- other reforms (प्राथमिक शिक्षा में सुधार)
62.2.4 ?♂️Education: Primary- ECCE upto age 8
62.2.5 ?Education: Language / Medium (भाषा /माध्यम)
62.2.6 ??Education: Higher (उच्च शिक्षा)
62.2.7 ??Education: Higher → Credit (गुण आधारित शिक्षा)
62.2.8 ??Education: Higher → Entry & Exit (प्रवेश और प्रस्थान)
62.2.9 ???Education: Higher → New Orgs → HECI
62.2.10 ???️♀️Education: Higher → New Orgs → Others
62.2.11 ???Education: Adult/PH (प्रौढ़ शिक्षा और विकलांग शिक्षा)
62.2.12 ??Education: Open/Distance/E-Learning (दूर - शिक्षण/ई शिक्षा)
62.2.13 ??Assessment of students (छात्रों का मूल्यांकन)
62.2.14 ??️♀️Assessment of students: bodies (मूल्यांकन/परीक्षा के लिए संस्थाएं)
62.2.15 ??Assessment of schools (स्कूलों का आकलन)
62.2.16 ??Teachers recruitment and training (शिक्षकों की भर्ती और तालीम)
62.2.17 ?NEP-2020: Funding (शिक्षा क्षेत्र के लिए वित्तपोषण)
62.2.18 ?NEP-2020: Criticism (नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति के खिलाफ आलोचना/निंदा)
62.2.19 ✍️NEP-2020: Conclusion (शिक्षा नीति के बारे में निष्कर्ष)
62.3 ???PRAGYATA Guidelines on Digital Education (2020-Jul)
62.4 ????? Edu → Std1-8 → Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDM-2001)
62.5 ??? Edu → Std1-8 → Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA-2001)
62.5.1 ???Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) → Notable Subscheme / Programs
62.6 ??? Edu → Std. 9-12 → RMSA (2009)
62.6.1 ?????CBSE: Syllabus reduction (पाठ्यक्रम में कटौती)
62.7 ??? Edu → Std. Jr.KG to 12: Samagra Shiksha scheme (2018)
62.7.1 ?? 2019: NISHTHA scheme for Teachers training (2019)
62.8 Edu (??) → Rankings for School Education
62.8.1 Annual Status of Education Report ASER Report by NGO Pratham
62.9 ??♂️:? Edu → no detention policy & RTE Amendment 2019
62.10 ???? Edu → National testing agency (NTA) & NEET
62.11 ? Edu → Higher Edu: Colleges & Uni. (उच्चतर शिक्षा)
62.11.1 ?? Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking (स्वाभाविक है कोई ना कोई आ जाएगा रैंक देने को)
62.12 ???? Edu → Portals/Apps/Orgs → Post-Corona
62.13 ?? Edu → Misc. portals / initiatives (Before Corona)
62.13.1 ?? Edu → Misc: School infra/result monitoring
62.13.2 ?? Edu → Misc: E-learning
62.13.3 ?? Edu → Misc: Anti-ragging / life values/mental health
62.13.4 ?? Edu → Misc: Startup ke liye
62.13.5 ?? Edu → Misc: Teachers’ training
62.13.6 ?? Edu → Misc: NRI/foreign teachers/students ko bring to India?
62.13.7 ?? Edu → Misc: Girl students / girl scientists
62.13.8 ?? Edu → Misc: Making science/research useful/popular
62.13.9 ?? Edu → Misc: National Unity
62.13.10 ?? Edu → Misc: Civic duties, Adult Edu
62.14 ? Edu → Misc. → Youth org.
62.14.1 Yearbook: Ministry of Youth Affairs And Sports (युवा कार्य और खेल मंत्रालय)
62.14.2 Youth Schemes= Central Sector Schemes = 100% funded by Union.
62.14.3 ⚽️??♂️Khelo India Scheme → National Sports Education Board
62.15 ? ✍️ Conclusion-Template-Education:
63 ??? HRD → Skilling, Vocational Training, Recruitment
63.1 ?? Yearbook Recruitment & Training Related Ministries
63.1.1 ?? Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions
63.1.2 ? ?? ? Mission Karmayogi: Training of Civil servants (2020-Sept)
63.1.3 ?? Yearbook: Ministry of Labour and Employment
63.2 ??? ??[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
63.3 (???)→ NSDC, NSDF, NSDA, NSQF, NCVET
63.3.1 ?? NCVET 2018 (व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और प्रशिक्षण के लिए राष्ट्रीय परिषद)
63.4 (???)?? Skill India Campaign (2015: कौशल भारत अभियान)
63.4.1 (???)?? Skill India3 → National Policy for Skill Dev. & Entrepreneurship 2015
63.4.2 (???)?? Skill India4 → Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
63.4.3 ???)?? Skill India4 → PMKVY phase 3.0 (2020)
63.5 (???)?? Skilling → SHREYAS Scheme (2019)
63.5.1 ???(???)Skilling → Post Corona / Atma-Nirbhar
63.6 (???)?? Skilling & Entrepreneurship → Before Corona
63.7 (???)✍️ Conclusion-Template-Skill (कौशल विकास के बारे में निष्कर्ष)
64 ?? HRD → Poverty (गरीबी)
64.1.1 ???Vicious Circle of Poverty (गरीबी का दुष्चक्र/विषचक्र)
64.1.2 ??Economics Nobel 2019 for Global Poverty Alleviation
64.2 ??? Poverty → Measurement / Estimation (गरीबी का निर्धारण)
64.2.1 ??? Videshi methods → World Bank: ~21% Indian juntaa is poor
64.2.2 ??? Videshi methods → UNDP: ~28% Indian juntaa is poor
64.2.3 ??? Videshi methods → Inequality (असमानता )
64.2.4 ??? Oxfam Inequality Index वैश्विक असमानता सूचकांक
64.2.5 ?♀Period Poverty (मासिक धर्म के चलते गरीबी)
64.2.6 ??? DESHI methods: (BPL: गरीबी रेखा से नीचे)
64.2.7 ??? DESHI methods → SECC-2011
64.3 ???⚡️? ⏫Economic Growth to ⏬poverty says ??ES21
64.3.1 ???⚡️? Trickle Down in China [आर्थिक वृद्धि का नीचे की ओर टपकना]
64.3.2 ???⚡️? Moderate Inequality =NOT BAD! Says 1212ES21
64.3.3 ???⚡️? Conclusion: Eco Growth⏫ → Poverty⏬
64.4 ?? Poverty → Poverty Removal (गरीबी उन्मूलन)
64.4.1 ??:?? Poverty Removal → MGNREGA (2005)
64.4.2 ?MGNREGA: Use of JAM-DBT
64.4.3 ?MGNREGA: Use of Space technology (अंतरिक्ष प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग)
64.4.4 ?MGNREGA: Use of Apps
64.4.5 ?? MGNREGA: Future suggestion by ES19? (अन्य सुझाव दीजिए)
64.4.6 ?(?⛏:???♀️)Atma-Nirbhar → Prime Minister Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan
64.4.7 ??:?? Poverty Removal → National Livelihood Missions =Skill+Loan
64.4.7.1 ?? Poverty Removal → DAY-NRLM → sub-schemes (उप-योजनाएं)
64.4.8 ??:?? Poverty Removal → Mission Antyodaya (2017)
64.4.9 ??:?? Poverty Removal → DISHA Committees (2016)
64.5 ??:?? Poverty Removal → Directly give ₹ ₹ → UBI
64.5.1 ? UBI: Pro-Arguments by Eco Survey (इस सुधार के पक्ष में तर्क)
64.5.2 ? UBI: Anti-Arguments by Eco Survey (सार्वत्रिक बुनियादी आय विरोधी तर्क)
64.6 ??:✍️→ Conclusion-Template-Poverty (निष्कर्ष- गरीबी निवारण)
64.6.1 ✍️Past Questions in UPSC Mains Exams
EF6C_HDT_HRD_Weaker_Section_SDG_PCB3.pdf (p.89-136)
65 ☪✝HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Minorities, SC/ST
65.1 ☪✝ Minorities (अल्पसंख्यक समुदाय)
65.1.1 ☪✝ Minorities → Constitutional Protection (संवैधानिक संरक्षण)
65.1.2 ☪✝ Minorities → Legal Protection (कानूनी संरक्षण)
65.1.3 ☪✝:? Minorities → DATA/Index/Report: Census-2011
65.1.4 ☪✝:? Minorities → DATA/Index/Report: Religious freedom (धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता)
65.1.5 ☪✝ ??[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Minority Affairs (अल्पसंख्यक कार्य मंत्रालय)
65.1.6 ☪✝:?? → Minority Schemes → PM Janvikas Karykram (2018)
65.1.6.1 PMJVK → Sub-component → CyberGram
65.1.7 ☪✝:?? → Minority Scheme → Education / Exams
65.1.8 ☪✝:?? → Minority Skilling → USTTAD Master Trainers
65.1.9 ☪✝:?? → Minority Skilling → Seekho Aur Kamao (Learn & Earn)
65.1.10 ☪✝:?? → Minority Skilling → MANAS Academy
65.1.11 ☪✝:?? → Preserving a community / culture / pilgrimage?
65.1.12 ☪✝:?? → Pilgrim → Hajj → Subsidy
65.1.13 ☪✝:?? → Pilgrim → Hajj → Mehram
65.2 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Scheduled Tribes (ST)
65.2.1 ST → Constitutional Protection (संविधानिक सुरक्षा)
65.2.2 ST → Legal Protection (कानूनी सुरक्षा)
65.2.3 ST → Census 2011
65.2.4 ??[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Tribal Affairs (जनजातीय कार्य मंत्रालय)
65.2.5 ST → Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
65.2.6 ?? ST → Tribal Sub Plan (1974: जनजातीय उप-योजना)
65.2.7 ?? ST → Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (2014)
65.2.8 ?? ST → Van Dhan Yojana
65.2.9 ?? ST → MSP for Minor Forest Produce (लघु वन-उपज के लिए न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य)
65.2.10 ?? ST → Central Tribal University
65.3 Weaker Section → Scheduled Castes (SC: अनुसूचित जाति)
65.3.1 SC → Constitutional Protection
65.3.2 SC → Legal Protection
65.3.3 SC → Census 2011 (जनगणना)
65.3.4 ??[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
65.3.5 ?? [Yearbook] Ministry of Law & Justice (विधि और न्याय मंत्रालय)
65.3.6 ?? SC → Welfare Schemes (कल्याणकारी योजनाएं)
65.4 Weaker Section → OBC & EWS
65.4.1 Weaker Section → OBC Sub-categorization (ओबीसी उप-वर्गीकरण) commission
65.4.2 Weaker Section → EWS Reservation
66 ? HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Women & Children
66.1 ? → Constitutional Provisions (संवैधानिक संरक्षण)
66.2 ? → Legal Provisions (कानूनी संरक्षण)
66.2.1 Women → Global cooperation: Beijing+25
66.3 ? → Census-2011 [जनगणना 2011]
66.4 ? ??[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Women & Child Development
66.5 ?>? Son-Meta Preference (पुत्री के बाद पुत्र की चाह)
66.5.1 ?>?=12 Son Meta Preference: why bad?
66.5.2 ?? JAYA Jaitley Task Force for ⏫marriage age 4girls
66.6 ?? Report → UNDP → Gender Inequality Index (GII)
66.7 ?? Report → WEF → Global Gender Gap Report
66.7.1 ?? Report → OECD’s SIGI Report
66.7.2 ?? Gender Indices → Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI)
66.8 ?? SDG Goal #5: Gender Equality & Empowerment
66.9 ? ?? Women Schemes → Health
66.10 ? ?? Women Schemes → Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (2015)
66.10.1 ?: ???? Atama-Nirbhar: PM GARIB KALYAN → Women will benefit, how?
66.11 ? ?? Women Schemes→ Violence / Skilling / Misc.
66.12 ? ? ?:?? Women Funds
66.12.1 ? ??- 3 Umbrella Schemes to cover all women schemes
66.12.2 ?✍ Women / Gender Development: Conclusion-Template (निष्कर्ष)
66.13 ? Weaker Section → Children (बालक बच्चे)
66.13.1 ? → Constitutional Protection
66.13.2 ? → Legal Protection
66.13.3 ? ?? → Child Portals & Festivals
66.14 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → PH (♿)
66.14.1 ♿ PH → Constitutional Protection:
66.14.2 ♿ PH → Legal Protection:
66.14.3 ♿ ?? PH → Welfare schemes
66.15 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section: Elderly, Drug Addicts
66.15.1 ? Elderly (व्यस्क)
66.15.2 ? Drug Addicts (नशे के लती/ नशेड़ी)
66.16 ????Weaker Section: LGBT (समलैंगिक और किन्नर)
66.16.1 ?⚖️ National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP: ट्रांसजेंडर व्यक्तियों के लिए राष्ट्रीय परिषद)
67 ????? Human Development & Sustainable Development
67.1 ?? UNDP’s Human Development Report (मानव विकास रिपोर्ट)
67.1.1 ??UNDP → Human Development Index (HDI:मानव विकास सूचकांक)
67.1.2 ??UNDP → Inequality Adjusted HDI
67.1.3 ?? UNDP → Gender Development Index (GDI: लैंगिक विकास सूचकांक)
67.2 ?? UNSDSN → World Happiness Report
67.3 ? World Bank → Human Capital Index
67.4 ? Human development → Misc. Indicators
67.4.1 ??✍Human Development: Conclusion-Template (निष्कर्ष)
68 ? Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
68.1.1 ????? [Yearbook] Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
68.1.2 ??☔️? [Yearbook] Ministry of Earth Sciences (पृथ्वी विज्ञान मंत्रालय)
68.2 ? Sustainable Development: meaning
68.3 ? ??ES20 on SDG & Environment
68.4 ? ??ES21 on SDG & Environment
68.4.1 ??ES21 Climate Change damages Indian economy [जलवायु परिवर्तन से भारतीय अर्थतंत्र को ख़तरा]
68.4.2 ??ES21: Climate Risk & Pandemic Risk Insurance need to be encouraged
68.4.3 ??ES21: solar energy misused for groundwater exploitation
68.5 ? ? ? SDG → India’s Implementation / Monitoring
68.5.1 ? ? ? NITI’s SDG India Index: overall scoring
68.5.2 ?? NITI’s VNR Review to UN
68.6 ? SDG Goals vs India’s Notable Schemes
68.6.1 ?✍SDG: Conclusion-Template (निष्कर्ष)
68.7 ✍️? Mains Answer Writing: Poverty, Hunger, Social Sectors
68.7.1 ✍️? GSM1 Syllabus: Poverty, Population; Development & associated issues
68.7.2 ✍️? GSM2 Syllabus: Poverty & hunger issues/गरीबी और भुखमरी के मुद्दे
68.7.3 ✍️? GSM2 Syllabus: Schemes for Social Sectors
68.7.4 ✍️? GSM2 Syllabus: Schemes for Social Sectors → Education
68.7.5 ✍️? Mains Answer Writing: Inclusive Growth
68.7.6 ✍️? Mains Answer Writing: Women Development
Mrunal_PCB3_PillarZ.pdf (p.884-906) !!AbAn!!
70 ?(Pillar #4Z) Microeconomics- an Introduction
70.1 ??Types of Goods
70.1.1 Goods: Noone pays directly & Noone is excluded (सबको मुफ्त में 12, कोई बहिष्कृत नहीं)
70.1.2 ?? Goods where you’ve to pay ₹ ₹ else you’re excluded
70.1.3 ✈ Price Discrimination (मूल्य में भेदभाव करना)
71 ??? Microeconomics → Demand (मांग)
71.1 ?? Demand Types for Economic Good
71.2 ?✋?Price control
Demand Elasticity : responsiveness to Price/Income
71.3 ??↗️Demand Elasticity Type#1: Against Price of the Good
71.3.1 ? Normal Good: Demand may be Perfectly inelastic (eP=0)
71.3.2 ? Normal Good: Demand may be (Relatively) inelastic (eP<1)
71.3.3 ? Normal Good: Demand may be (Relatively) elastic (eP>1)
71.3.4 Normal Good: Demand may be Unitary elastic (Ep=1)
71.3.5 Normal Good: Demand may be Perfectly elastic (eP=∞)
71.3.6 ?Veblen Good: Higher price → Higher Demand
71.3.7 ?? Giffen Good: Higher Price = ↑ Demand; Lower Price = ↓ Demand
71.4 ??↗️ Demand Elasticity Type#2: Against Income of People
71.4.1 Normal Good: Demand Elasticity with respect to income
71.4.2 ? Inferior Good: Demand Elasticity with respect to Income
71.4.3 ?↗️✖️ ↙️ Demand Elasticity Type#3: Cross-Price Elasticity
72 ??? Microeconomics → Supply (आपूर्ति)
72.1 ?↗️ Supply Elasticity against Price Offered
72.1.1 Supply Curve: Backward sloping when
73 ⚔️Microeconomics → Market & Competition Types
74 ⚙️ Microeconomics → Production (उत्पादन)
74.1 ⚙️ Production → Returns to Scale
74.1.1 ⚙️ ⚙️: ? Economies of Scale: बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन करने से होने वाली किफायतें 1212
74.1.2 ⚙️ ⚙️ ⚙️ : ? Diseconomies of scale- बहुत बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन करने से होने वाले नुकसान 12
75 ?? Microeconomics → Utility, Preferences & Misc.
75.1 ?♀️Preferences, Indifferences (वरीयता, उदासीनता)
75.2 ⚙️?Production Possibility Curve
76 ?Economic Models & Concepts
76.1 ⚙️? Pareto Optimal
76.2 ?? Adam Smith’s Diamond-water paradox
76.2.1 ?✖️Marginal Propensity to consume → Output Multiplier
76.3 ?Commodity Theory of Money (Karl Marx)
76.4 ???Managerial Revolution (1941)
76.5 ?Liquidity Trap (J.M. Keynes)
76.6 ?? Income Hypothesis: 4 Types
76.7 ????Kuznets Curve (by US Economist Simon Kuznets)
76.8 ???? Environmental Kuznets Curve