Covering a topic of massive contemporary importance, this well written volume demonstrates how transportation strategy and environmental sustainability can be pursued in a comprehensive and harmonious, rather than unconnected and potentially conflicting, set of public policies. It applies lessons from several urban areas (e.g., Bogota, Singapore, Mexico City, Sao Paulo), including ''success stories'' and less successful ''hard-won lessons'', to a case study in Guangzhou.
Author(s): F. Moavenzadeh, M.J. Markow
Series: Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 280
1402067011......Page 1
Alliance for Global Sustainability, Volume 14......Page 3
Moving Millions......Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 10
A Growing Worldwide Phenomenon......Page 16
Urbanization and Motorization......Page 18
Globalization and Megacity Competitiveness......Page 19
Symptoms of an Unsustainable Transportation System......Page 23
Moving toward Sustainability......Page 24
1.3 Outline of This Book......Page 27
Definitions......Page 29
Implications......Page 31
Value of the Environment......Page 32
Equity......Page 33
Sustainability beyond Survivability......Page 34
Sustainability and Efficiency......Page 37
Growth versus Economic Development......Page 40
2.2 Methods to Analyze Policies and Projects......Page 41
Discount Rate......Page 42
Extended Time Horizon......Page 43
Treating Irreversibility and Uncertainty in Intergenerational Equity......Page 44
Externalities......Page 45
2.3 Context for This Study......Page 47
3.1 Sustainable Cities......Page 49
3.2 Sustainable Development as a Resource Management Problem......Page 51
Environmental Accounting Systems for Type I Resources......Page 54
Environmental Valuation......Page 56
3.3 Sustainable Development as a Pollution Control Problem......Page 59
Pollution Charges......Page 61
Permits......Page 62
3.4 Criticisms of Economic or Market-Based Incentives......Page 63
Trade and Market Responsiveness......Page 69
Technology Transfer and Business......Page 70
International Implications......Page 71
Global Implementation......Page 72
3.6 Sustainable Transportation as an Integrated Concept......Page 73
Access......Page 74
Affordability......Page 75
Economic Components of Sustainable Transportation......Page 76
Institutional Components of Sustainable Transportation......Page 78
Mobility and Society......Page 80
Inproved Modal Availability and Choice......Page 81
Improved Transportation System Management......Page 82
Reductions in Harmful Vehicle Emissions......Page 83
Importance of Local Context......Page 84
Supply-Side and Demand-Side Management Options......Page 87
4.2 Managing Transportation Supply......Page 88
Public Road and Street Construction......Page 90
Restricted Vehicle Zones......Page 92
Restricted Parking Supply......Page 93
High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes......Page 94
Mechanisms for Private Sector Engagement......Page 95
Private Transit Concessions......Page 96
4.3 Managing Transportation Demand......Page 97
Vehicle Use or “Car-Day” Restrictions......Page 99
Vehicle Quotas......Page 100
Peak-Period and Location Restrictions......Page 101
Fuel, Vehicle, and Traffic Taxes......Page 102
Rebates and Incentives......Page 104
Road pricing......Page 105
Congestion Metering......Page 106
Area Licensing Schemes (ALS)......Page 107
Overview......Page 108
Transit-Oriented Development......Page 109
High Density Development......Page 110
Urban Growth Boundaries......Page 112
More Details on Transit-Oriented Development......Page 113
Elements of a Transit-Oriented Development......Page 114
Features of a Transit-Oriented Development......Page 115
Impacts......Page 118
Implementation......Page 119
Intelligent Transportation Systems......Page 122
Intelligent Infrastructure Technologies......Page 123
Advanced Traffic Management Systems......Page 124
Advanced Traveler Information Systems......Page 125
Electronic Payment Systems......Page 126
Intelligent Vehicle Technologies......Page 127
Drive-by-Wire......Page 128
Navigation Assistance......Page 129
Institutional Issues in Deployment......Page 130
Compressed Natural Gas and Liquefied Natural Gas......Page 133
Liquefied Petroleum Gas......Page 134
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells......Page 135
Greenhouse Gas Emissions......Page 136
Air Pollutant Emissions......Page 137
Overview......Page 138
Public and Private Perspectives......Page 139
Rationale......Page 142
The Nature of Goods......Page 144
5.2 Spectrum of Partnership Arrangements......Page 146
Contracting......Page 147
Franchising......Page 148
Grants and Subsidies......Page 149
Vouchers......Page 150
Approaches and Criteria......Page 151
Empirical Evidence......Page 155
Public versus Private Ownership......Page 159
Source of Revenue......Page 161
Increasing Private Investment......Page 162
Divestiture of Monopolies......Page 163
Regulatory Strength......Page 165
5.6 Ensuring the Public Good......Page 168
5.7 Capital Formation, Project Selection, and Investment Stimulation......Page 170
5.8 Risk Allocation......Page 173
5.9 Environmental Mutual Funds......Page 176
6.1 Introduction......Page 178
Context......Page 179
Overview......Page 180
Sin Mi Carro......Page 181
Pico y Placa......Page 184
TransMilenio......Page 187
Outcomes and Lessons......Page 192
Context......Page 193
Polic Initiatives and Program Implementation......Page 194
Area Licensing Scheme......Page 195
Electronic Road Pricing......Page 196
Vehicle Quota System......Page 197
Area Licensing Scheme......Page 198
Electronic Road Pricing......Page 200
Policy Initiative and Program Implementation......Page 202
Outcomes and Lessons......Page 203
Context......Page 204
Transit-Oriented Development......Page 205
Outcomes and Lessons......Page 206
Context......Page 207
Policy Initiatives and Program Implementation......Page 209
Outcomes and Lessons......Page 210
Demographics......Page 212
Economic Growth......Page 213
Motorization......Page 214
Speed,Congestion, and Air quality Impacts......Page 215
Emissions by Vehicle Type......Page 217
China’s Agenda 21......Page 219
Transport-Related Initiatives in Guangzhou......Page 220
Urban Road Network......Page 224
Passenger Rail......Page 225
Guangzhou City Center Transportation Project (GCCTP)......Page 226
7.3 Institutional and Financial Aspects......Page 227
Guangzhou’s Municipal Transportation Institutions......Page 228
Transportation Project Financing......Page 232
Shared Objectives and Themes......Page 233
Core Recommendations......Page 235
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)......Page 236
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)......Page 242
Institutional Review, Reform, and Integration......Page 247
Regulatory Regimes.......Page 248
Integration and Coordination.......Page 249
Conclusion......Page 251
REFERENCES......Page 254
INDEX......Page 264
