Moral Issues in Business

Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 10
Introduction......Page 15
Ethics......Page 17
Moral versus Nonmoral Standards......Page 18
Religion and Morality......Page 24
Ethical Relativism......Page 26
Having Moral Principles......Page 28
Morality and Personal Values......Page 31
Individual Integrity and Responsibility......Page 33
Moral Reasoning......Page 37
Study Corner......Page 43
Case 1.1: Made in the U.S.A.-Dumped in Brazil, Africa, Iraq . . .......Page 44
Case 1.2: Just Drop off the Key, Lee......Page 47
Case 1.3: The A7D Affair......Page 49
Reading 1.1: It's Good Business......Page 52
Reading 1.2: Moral Responsibility in the Age of Bureaucracy......Page 60
Introduction......Page 68
Consequentialist and Nonconsequentialist Theories......Page 70
Egoism......Page 71
Utilitarianism......Page 74
Kant's Ethics......Page 80
Other Nonconsequentialist Perspectives......Page 86
Utilitarianism Once More......Page 91
Moral Decision Making: A Practical Approach......Page 93
Study Corner......Page 96
Case 2.1: Hacking into Harvard......Page 97
Case 2.2: The Ford Pinto......Page 99
Case 2.3: Blood for Sale......Page 102
Reading 2.1: One Philosopher's Approach to Business Ethics......Page 104
Reading 2.2: When is "Everybody's Doing It" a Moral Justification?......Page 110
Introduction......Page 119
The Nature of Justice......Page 121
The Utilitarian View......Page 124
The Libertarian Approach......Page 128
Rawls's Theory of Justice......Page 134
Study Corner......Page 142
Case 3.1: Eminent Domain......Page 143
Case 3.2: Battling over Bottled Water......Page 145
Case 3.3: Poverty in America......Page 147
Reading 3.1: Income Distribution......Page 149
Reading 3.2: Is Inheritance Justified?......Page 157
Introduction......Page 164
Capitalism......Page 165
Key Features of Capitalism......Page 168
Two Arguments for Capitalism......Page 171
Criticisms of Capitalism......Page 174
Today's Economic Challenges......Page 182
Study Corner......Page 187
Case 4.1: Catastrophe in Bangladesh......Page 188
Case 4.2: Licensing and Laissez Faire......Page 190
Case 4.3: One Nation under Walmart......Page 193
Case 4.4: A New Work Ethic?......Page 195
Case 4.5: Casino Gambling on Wall Street......Page 196
Case 4.6: Paying College Athletes......Page 198
Reading 4.1: Globalization and Its Discontents......Page 200
Reading 4.2: The Ethics of Corporate Downsizing......Page 204
Reading 4.3: Buddhist Economics......Page 211
Introduction......Page 216
The Limited-Liability Company......Page 217
Corporate Moral Agency......Page 220
Rival Views of Corporate Responsibility......Page 223
Debating Corporate Responsibility......Page 230
Institutionalizing Ethics within Corporations......Page 235
Study Corner......Page 241
Case 5.1: Yahoo in China......Page 242
Case 5.2: Drug Dilemmas......Page 244
Case 5.3: Free Speech or False Advertising?......Page 246
Case 5.4: Corporations and Religious Faith......Page 248
Case 5.5: Charity to Scouts?......Page 249
Case 5.6: Corporate Taxation......Page 251
Reading 5.1: The Toxic Side Effects of Shareholder Primacy......Page 253
Reading 5.2: A Debate on the Social Responsibility of Business......Page 258
Reading 5.3: Business Ethics: On Getting to the Heart of the Matter......Page 266
Reading 5.4: Ethical Dilemmas for Multinational Enterprise: A Philosophical Overview......Page 272
Introduction......Page 276
Product Safety......Page 278
Other Areas of Business Responsibility......Page 289
Deception and Unfairness in Advertising......Page 297
The Debate over Advertising......Page 306
Study Corner......Page 310
Case 6.1: Breast Implants......Page 311
Case 6.2: Hot Coffee at McDonald's......Page 313
Case 6.3: Sniffing Glue Could Snuff Profits......Page 314
Case 6.4: Closing the Deal......Page 316
Case 6.5: The Rise and Fall of Four Loko......Page 318
Reading 6.1: The Ethics of Sales......Page 320
Reading 6.2: The Inconclusive Ethical Case against Manipulative Advertising......Page 328
Reading 6.3: Why Do We Consume So Much?......Page 338
Introduction......Page 345
Business and Ecology......Page 348
The Ethics of Environmental Protection......Page 351
Achieving Our Environmental Goals......Page 357
Delving Deeper into Environmental Ethics......Page 361
Study Corner......Page 369
Case 7.1: Hazardous Homes in Herculaneum......Page 370
Case 7.2: Poverty and Pollution......Page 372
Case 7.3: The Fordasaurus......Page 374
Case 7.4: The Fight over the Redwoods......Page 375
Case 7.5: Palm Oil and Its Problems......Page 378
Reading 7.1: The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues......Page 380
Reading 7.2: Business and Environmental Ethics......Page 386
Introduction......Page 393
Civil Liberties in the Workplace......Page 394
Hiring......Page 399
Promotions......Page 405
Discipline and Discharge......Page 407
Wages......Page 410
Labor Unions......Page 414
Study Corner......Page 422
Case 8.1: AIDS in the Workplace......Page 423
Case 8.2: Web Porn at Work......Page 425
Case 8.3: Speaking out about Malt......Page 426
Case 8.4: Have Gun, Will Travel . . . to Work......Page 427
Case 8.5: Union Discrimination......Page 429
Reading 8.1: Employment at Will and Due Process......Page 431
Reading 8.2: The Libertarian Critique of Labor Unions......Page 436
Reading 8.3: The Meaning and Value of Work......Page 442
Introduction......Page 448
Organizational Influence in Private Lives......Page 449
Testing and Monitoring......Page 454
Working Conditions......Page 459
Redesigning Work......Page 467
Study Corner......Page 471
Case 9.1: Unprofessional Conduct?......Page 472
Case 9.2: Testing for Honesty......Page 473
Case 9.3: She Snoops to Conquer......Page 476
Case 9.4: Protecting the Unborn at Work......Page 477
Case 9.5: Swedish Daddies......Page 480
Reading 9.1: Drug Testing in Employment......Page 482
Reading 9.2: Work, Privacy, and Autonomy......Page 487
Reading 9.3: Workplace Wars: How Much Should I Be Required to Meet the Needs of Your Children?......Page 494
Reading 9.4: Participation in Employment......Page 500
Introduction......Page 507
Obligations to the Firm......Page 508
Abuse of Official Position......Page 512
Bribes and Kickbacks......Page 517
Gifts and Entertainment......Page 521
Conflicting Obligations......Page 523
Whistle-Blowing......Page 526
Self-Interest and Moral Obligation......Page 530
Study Corner......Page 534
Case 10.1: Changing Jobs and Changing Loyalties......Page 535
Case 10.2: Conflicting Perspectives on Conflicts of Interest......Page 536
Case 10.3: Inside Traders or Astute Observers?......Page 537
Case 10.4: The Housing Allowance......Page 539
Case 10.5: Ethically Dubious Conduct......Page 540
Reading 10.1: Does It Make Sense to Be a Loyal Employee?......Page 542
Reading 10.2: Analyzing Insider Trading from the Perspectives of Utilitarianism and Rights Theory......Page 547
Reading 10.3: Foreign Corrupt Practices: How to Deal with Foreign Forms of Bribery......Page 555
Reading 10.4: Some Paradoxes of Whistleblowing......Page 565
Introduction......Page 572
The Meaning of Job Discrimination......Page 574
Evidence of Discrimination......Page 576
Affirmative Action: The Legal Context......Page 580
Affirmative Action: The Moral Issues......Page 585
Comparable Worth......Page 588
Sexual Harassment......Page 590
Study Corner......Page 594
Case 11.1: Minority Set-Asides......Page 595
Case 11.2: Hoop Dreams......Page 597
Case 11.3: Raising the Ante......Page 598
Case 11.4: Consenting to Sexual Harassment......Page 600
Case 11.5: Facial Discrimination......Page 602
Reading 11.1: A Defense of Programs of Preferential Treatment......Page 603
Reading 11.2: Rethinking Sexual Harassment......Page 608
Reading 11.3: Job Discrimination and Gay Rights......Page 615
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 622
Notes......Page 626
Index......Page 645