Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Workshop on Logic, Language, and Meaning, TLLM 2020, held in Tsinghua, China, in December 2020. The 12 full papers together presented were fully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions.
Due to COVID-19 the workshop will be held online.
The workshop covers a wide range of topics where monotonicity is discussed in the context of logic, causality, belief revision, quantification, polarity, syntax, comparatives, and various semantic phenomena in particular languages.
Author(s): Dun Deng, Fenrong Liu, Mingming Liu, Dag Westerståhl
Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12564
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 239
City: Berlin
Preface
Organization
Contents
New Logical Perspectives on Monotonicity
1 Varieties of Monotonicity for Generalized Quantifiers
2 Monotonicity in First-Order Logic
3 Logics for Monotonicity-Related Model Change
4 Back to Natural Language
5 Conclusion
References
Universal Free Choice from Concessive Copular Conditionals in Tibetan
1 Introduction
2 An Approach to wh-quantification
3 On the Syntax of wh-yin.na'ang
4 Interpreting wh-yin.na'ang
5 Restricting the Distribution of wh-yin.na'ang
5.1 Enforcing Universal Force
5.2 On the Granularity of Modal Quantification
5.3 Subtrigging
6 Summary and Outlook
References
Monotonicity in Syntax
1 Background and Prior Work
2 Restrictions on Movement Types
2.1 Selection, A-Movement, and A'-Movement
2.2 The Ban Against Improper Movement
2.3 Generalized Versions of the Ban Against Improper Movement
3 Omnivorous Number
3.1 Proposed Analysis
3.2 Addressing a Potential Objection
4 Why Monotonicity?
5 Conclusion
References
Attributive Measure Phrases in Mandarin: Monotonicity and Distributivity
1 The Issue: The Syntactic Dependence of Measure Predicates on Monotonicity
2 Two Semantic Accounts for (Non-)Monotonicity of MPs
2.1 (Non-)extensive Measure Functions
2.2 Deriving Non-monotonicity from Distributivity
3 (Non-)Monotonic MPs in Mandarin: the Facts
3.1 MP-de-N as Pseudopartitives or Attributive Constructions
3.2 Ambiguity of Attributive MPs in Mandarin
4 Deriving the Monotonic Reading of Attributive MPs
5 Non-monotonic Reading of Attributive MPs as a Subkind Reading
5.1 Non-monotonic MPs as Classifying Adjectives
5.2 Non-intersective MPs as Kind Modifiers
6 Conclusions
References
Universal Quantification in Mandarin
1 The Puzzle and Lin's Decompositional Solution
2 Mei-NPs are Quantificational
2.1 Mei-NPs Without dou in Post-verbal Positions
2.2 Mei-NPs with dou
2.3 Summary
3 Non-quantificational dou
4 Obligatory dou as Obligatory Presupposition
4.1 Obligatory Presupposition and Maximize Presupposition
4.2 Universal Quantifiers and Their Alternatives
4.3 A More Nuanced Characterization of Obligatory-dou
5 Conclusions
References
Monotonicity in Intuitionistic Minimal Change Semantics Given Gärdenfors' Triviality Result
1 Introduction
2 Incentive: Monotonicity in Gärdenfors' Triviality Result
3 Preliminary: Logic of IVC and Its Canonical Model M
3.1 The Logic of IVC
3.2 Models of IVC
4 Intuitionistic Minimal Belief Change
5 Discussion: Rational Monotonicity in NMLs
6 Conclusion and Further Research
References
Are Causes Ever Too Strong? Downward Monotonicity in the Causal Domain
1 Introduction
1.1 Taking the Soft Presuppositions of Causal Claims into Account
2 Data on DMC in Causal Claims
3 Explaining Apparent Failures of DMC
3.1 A Possible Explanation of the Failure of DMC
3.2 Pragmatic Deviance via False Implicature
3.3 Sensitivity to Alternatives
3.4 Behavior in Downward Entailing Environments
4 Truth Conditions for Causal Claims: Halpern (2016)
4.1 Halpern's Semantics for Causal Claims
4.2 An Obstacle in the Way of Representing Monotonicity in Structural Causal Models
4.3 Failures of DMC in Halpern's Framework: Minimality
4.4 Against Minimality
4.5 Partial Causes to the Rescue?
4.6 Without Minimality: DMC Restored
5 Conclusion
References
Morphosyntactic Patterns Follow Monotonic Mappings
1 Introduction
2 Monotonicity
3 Tense Stem Syncretism
3.1 Corpus of Tense Syncretism
3.2 Semantic Motivation: Reichenbach's System
4 Gender Resolution Rules
4.1 Possibilities and Patterns
4.2 Gender Resolution Patterns
5 Conclusion
References
Negative Polarity Additive Particles
1 Introduction
1.1 Data of Interest
1.2 The Goal of This Paper
2 The Positive Additive Marker
2.1 Deriving the Additive Meaning
2.2 The Positive Antecedent Requirement
2.3 Positive Additives Under Negation
3 The Negative Additive Marker
3.1 Polarity Restrictions as Constraints on Obligatory Exhaustification
3.2 Nici in Upward Entailing Contexts
3.3 Nici in Downward Entailing Contexts
3.4 The Negative Antecedent Requirement
3.5 Carving Out the Space of Possibilities: si or nici?
4 Summary and Open Issues
References
A Causal Analysis of Modal Syllogisms
1 Introduction
2 Standard and Modal Syllogistics
3 Causal Analysis and Aristotelian Demonstrations
3.1 Causal Dependence and Causal Models
3.2 A Causal Analysis of Aristotelian Demonstrations
4 Causality and Modal Syllogisms
5 A Challenge: Counterexamples to Barbara LXL?
6 Conclusion and Outlook
A Appendix
A.1 Table of Modal Syllogisms with Necessity Modals
References
Bipartite Exhaustification: Evidence from Vietnamese
1 An Observation About Vietnamese
2 A Theory of ``any''
2.1 Licensing
2.2 Exhaustification
2.3 Summary
3 Accounting for the Observation About Vietnamese
4 Open issues
References
Comparatives Bring a Degree-Based NPI Licenser
1 Introduction
2 An Interval-Subtraction-Based Analysis of Comparatives
3 The downward-entailingness of a than-clause
4 Monotonicity Projection Patterns from a than-clause
5 The Strong Negativity of a than-clause
6 NPI Licensing by a Than-Clause
7 Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Author Index
