This book is for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers interested in understanding the physical and chemical interactions of organic semiconductors on emergent two-dimensional (2D) materials. Molecular electronics has come of age, and there is now a pressing need to understand molecule-2D material heterointerfaces at the nanoscale. The purpose of this book is to present a coherent coverage of these heterointerfaces for next generation molecular memories, switches, bio-sensors and magnetic quantum devices. In this interdisciplinary collection, advances in the application of scanning probe and high-resolution synchrotron techniques are illustrated.
Author(s): Andrew T. S. Wee; Konstantin S Novoselov; Arramel
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 446
City: Singapore
Contents
Foreword
Chapter 1 Introduction to Two-Dimensional Materials
1. Background
2. Properties of 2D Materials
3. Synthetic Approaches to Produce 2D Materials
4. Applications of 2D Materials
5. Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Introduction to Molecular Interface Engineering of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-based Devices
1. Introduction
2. Interface Engineering between TMDs and Air
2.1. Background
2.2. Surface charge transfer doping
2.3. Defect engineering with organic molecule treatment
3. Interface Engineering between TMDs and Dielectrics
3.1. Background
3.2. Device structure
3.3. Interface modification with molecular treatments
3.4. Organic polymer dielectric
4. Interface Engineering Between TMDs and S/D Contacts
4.1. Background
4.2. Conventional contact engineering methods
4.3. Contact engineering method by using organic molecule treatment
5. Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
Vocabulary
References
Chapter 3 On-Surface Molecular Reactions
1. Introduction
2. Precursor
2.1. Functional group
2.2. Backbone
3. Surface
4. External Stimuli
4.1. Thermal
4.2. Tip-induced
4.3. Photo-induced
5. Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 4 Molecular Functionalization of 2D Materials
1. Introduction
2. Non-Covalent Functionalization of 2D Materials
2.1. Gas phase functionalization
2.2. Condensed phase functionalization
2.2.1. Condensed phase techniques based on self-assembly
2.2.2. Other condensed phase techniques
3. Covalent Functionalization of 2D Materials
3.1. Metal complexes
3.2. Sulphur-containing species
3.3. Organohalides
3.4. Aryl diazonium salts
3.5. Maleimides
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 5 The Electronic Structure at Organic–2D Material Heterointerfaces
1. Introduction
2. Energy Level Alignment
3. Organic–Graphene Heterointerfaces
3.1. Tunability of the graphene band structure
3.2. Engineering of molecular frontier orbitals
4. Organic–2D TMD Heterointerfaces
4.1. Charge transfer at the interface
4.2. Interaction with surface defects
5. Conclusion and Outlook
References
Chapter 6 Screening Effects at Organic–2D Material Heterointerfaces
1. Introduction
2. Fundamental Concept of the Dielectric Screening Effects
2.1. Dielectric function
2.2. Experimental observations and calculations of the dielectric screening effects
3. Intrinsic Dielectric Polarizability of 2D Materials
3.1. Nonlocal in-plane screening
3.2. Thickness-dependent out-of-plane screening
4. Screening Effect at the OM–2D Inorganic Material Interface
4.1. Screening effect of 2D materials on organic molecules
4.2. Screening effect of organic molecule on 2D materials by tuning the dielectric environment
5. Engineering of the Screening Effects on OM–2D Material Systems
5.1. Tuning of electronic structure by depositing or inserting dipolar molecules
5.2. Creating atomically thin lateral heterojunctions via structured dielectric environment
6. Unintended Consequences and Perspective of the Screening Effect at the Interface
6.1. Dielectric disorder in 2D materials
6.2. Perspective
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7 Characterization of Electronic Structures at Organic–2D Materials Interfaces with Advanced Synchrotron-based Soft X-ray Spectroscopy
1. Introduction
2. Synchrotron-Based Soft X-ray Spectroscopies
3. Synchrotron-Based PES
3.1. Surface transfer doping: Establishing interfacial energetics in non-covalent interactions
3.2. Covalent functionalization and passivation of 2D materials by organic molecules
4. Near-edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy
5. CHC Spectroscopy
5.1. Basic principle
6. X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism
7. Summary and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8 Recent Advances in Bond-Resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
1. Introduction
2. Scanning Hydrogen Tunneling Microscopy
3. BRSTM Imaging with a CO-Functionalized Tip
3.1. Mechanism of BRSTM imaging with a CO-functionalized tip
3.2. BRSTM for on-surface synthesis and characterization
4. Inelastic Tunneling Probe
4.1. ItProbe for intramolecular resolution
4.2. Imaging the halogen bond by itProbe
5. Conclusion and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9 Holographic Convergent Electron Beam Diffraction (CBED) Imaging of Two-dimensional Crystals
1. Introduction
2. Principle of CBED on 2D Crystals
2.1. CBED spots parameters
2.2. Probing wavefront distribution
3. CBED on 2D Crystal Monolayers
3.1. In-plane and out-of-plane ripples
3.1.1. Phase shifts caused by atomic displacements, geometrical approach
3.1.2. Phase shifts caused by atomic displacements, wave theory approach
3.1.2.1. Phase shift caused by an out-of-plane displacement
3.1.2.2. Phase shift caused by an in-plane displacement
3.2. Imaging adsorbates on MLs
4. Holographic CBED of BLs
4.1. Formation of interference pattern in CBED spots
4.2. Holographic reconstruction
4.2.1. Protocol of the reconstruction procedure
4.2.2. Simulated example of reconstruction in-plane and out-of-plane displacement
4.2.3. Experimental example of reconstruction in-plane and out-of-plane displacement
4.3. Reconstruction of interlayer distance
5. HCBED on Multilayer Systems, CBED Moiré
6. Discussion and Outlook
Acknowledgment
Appendix A
Simulation of CBED Patterns
References
Chapter 10 Electronic and Optical Modification of Organic-hybrid Perovskites
1. Introduction
2. Turning the Knob of Electrical Control in Organic-Perovskite Heterointerfaces
2.1. The chemistry of energetic alignment processes at the interfaces between the hybrid perovskites and molecular layers
2.2. Implication of the energy mismatch and role of the substrate toward an e±cient interfacial perovskite/organic heterointerfaces
3. Functionalization of Molecules in Tuning the Optical Properties of Perovskites
3.1. Tuning the reflection, the transmission, and the absorption
3.2. Tuning the emission and the energy transfer
4. Applications
4.1. Enhancing light absorption in photovoltaic cells
4.2. Improving photo-generated carrier extraction in photovoltaic cells
4.3. Improving extraction efficiencies in LED
4.4. Tuning color in LED
5. Summary and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgments
ORCID
References
Chapter 11 Technology and Applications of Graphene Oxide Membranes
1. Introduction
2. Membranes for Ion/Molecular Separation
3. Membranes for Water Treatment
4. Gas Separation Membranes
5. Membranes for Solvent Dehydration
6. Membranes in Sensor and Biomedical Field
7. Membranes for Energy Conversion and Storage
8. GO and Other 2D Materials for Corrosion Protection
9. Conclusion and Perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 12 Enhancement of Reduced Graphene Oxide Bolometric Photoresponse via Addition of Graphene Quantum Dots
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of rGO films and fabrication of rGO-based photodetector device
2.2. Photoresponse characterization of device
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Photoresponse of pure rGO photodetector
3.2. Photoresponse of rGO photodetector with dropcasted GQDs
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index
