Molecular Architectonics and Nanoarchitectonics

Preface
Introduction: Molecular Architectonics to Nanoarchitectonics
Contents
Part I: Molecular Architectonics and Nanoarchitectonics
Chapter 1: Molecular Architectonics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Self-Cleaning Materials
1.3 Biomimetic Catalysis
1.4 Organic Electronics
1.5 Chirality, Homochirality, and Protein Folding
1.6 Biosensors
1.7 Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
1.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 2: Nanoarchitectonics
2.1 History of Nanoarchitectonics
2.2 Essence of Nanoarchitectonics
2.3 Example of Nanoarchitectonics
2.4 Short Perspective
References
Part II: Architectonics of Functional Molecules
Chapter 3: Topological Supramolecular Polymer
3.1 Sixty Years of History of Catenanes
3.2 Supramolecular Polymer with Intrinsic Curvature
3.3 Nanolympiadane
3.4 Mechanism of Nano-Catenane Formation
3.5 Nano-Polycatenanes
3.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Molecular Architectonics Guide to the Fabrication of Self-Cleaning Materials
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Self-Cleaning Surfaces and Relevant Parameters
4.3 Theories of Superhydrophobic Property-Based Self-Cleaning Phenomena (Lotus Leaf Vs Rose Petal)
4.4 Molecular Architectonics-Guided Self-Cleaning Materials
4.5 Fabrication Superhydrophobic Self-Cleaning Surfaces by Molecular Architectonics
4.6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Chapter 5: Functional Discotic Liquid Crystals Through Molecular Self-Assembly: Toward Efficient Charge Transport Systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Charge Transport in DLCs
5.2.1 Charge Transport Studies in DLC Materials Based on Various Discotic Cores
5.2.1.1 Phthalocyanine
5.2.1.2 Porphyrin
5.2.1.3 Triphenylene
5.2.1.4 Coronene Family
5.2.1.5 Perylene
5.2.1.6 Pyrene
5.2.1.7 Truxene Family
5.2.1.8 Thiophene
5.2.1.9 Triphenylborane
5.3 Summary and Future Perspective
References
Part III: Architectonics of Peptides
Chapter 6: Dopamine-Based Materials: Recent Advances in Synthesis Methods and Applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Polydopamine-Based Materials
6.2.1 Polydopamine Nanoparticles
6.2.2 Core/Shell Nanoparticles
6.2.3 Microcapsules
6.2.4 Films
6.2.5 Hydrogels
6.3 Dopamine-Based Materials Prepared via the Co-assembly Strategy
6.3.1 Polydopamine-Assisted Co-deposition
6.3.2 Novel Dopamine-Based Nanostructures
6.4 Applications of Dopamine-Based Materials
6.4.1 Cancer Theranostics
6.4.2 Bioimaging
6.4.3 Self-Adhesive Bioelectronics
6.4.4 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions
6.5 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 7: Peptide-Based Nanoarchitectonics: Self-Assembly and Biological Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Self-Assembly Mechanisms
7.3 Tumor Imaging and Phototherapeutic Biomaterials
7.4 Biomimetic Photosynthetic Architectures
7.5 Conclusions and Perspective
References
Chapter 8: Peptide Cross-β Nanoarchitectures: Characterizing Self-Assembly Mechanisms, Structure, and Physicochemical Properti...
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Mechanisms of Cross-β Self-Assembly
8.2.1 General Mechanistic Considerations
8.2.2 Fluorescent Reporters of Cross-β Assembly, Including ThT
8.2.3 Turbidity
8.2.4 Infrared Spectroscopy
8.2.5 Circular Dichroism (CD) Spectroscopy
8.2.6 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
8.2.7 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and High-Speed AFM (HS-AFM)
8.2.8 Sedimentation Analysis
8.2.9 Electrospray Ionization-Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-IMS-MS)
8.2.10 Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Analysis
8.2.11 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
8.2.12 Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
8.2.13 In Silico Simulations
8.3 Structural Characterization of Cross-β Nanomaterials
8.3.1 Introduction
8.3.2 Circular Dichroism
8.3.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy
8.3.3.1 Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
8.3.3.2 Raman Spectroscopy
8.4 Solid-State NMR (SSNMR)
8.5 Diffraction Techniques
8.6 Electron Microscopy
8.7 Emergent Physicochemical Properties of Cross-β Nanomaterials
8.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Function-Inspired Design of Molecular Hydrogels: Paradigm-Shifting Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Molecular Hydrogels from Self-Assembling Peptides (SAPs)
9.2.1 Self-Healing SAPs for Cardiovascular Disease
9.2.2 SAP-Based Molecular Hydrogels in Accelerated Wound Healing
9.2.3 Hydrogels to Regulate Immune Response Toward the Implant
9.3 Prodrug-Based Self-Assembled Hydrogels
9.4 Stimuli-Guided Self-Assembly and Disassembly (Disease-Responsive Disassembly) of Small Molecules
9.4.1 Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels for Delivery of Immunosuppressants in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) and A...
9.4.2 Ascorbyl Palmitate (AP or AP-16) Hydrogel Fibers for Charge-Dependent Localization, Adherence, and Enzyme-Responsive Dru...
9.4.3 Stimuli-Responsive Molecular Hydrogels for Cancer Immunotherapy
9.5 In Situ Forming Gels
9.5.1 Other Applications: LMWHs for Gene Therapy and Delivery of NSAIDs
9.6 Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine
9.7 Future Perspectives
9.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Smart Peptide Assembly Architectures to Mimic Biology´s Adaptive Properties and Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Different Nanoarchitectonics
10.2.1 Micelles
10.2.2 Vesicles
10.2.3 Fibers
10.2.4 Tubes
10.2.5 Tapes and Ribbons
10.2.6 Nanospheres
10.3 Self-Assembly Amino Acids to Nanoarchitectonics
10.4 Peptide Self-Assembly to Nanoarchitectonics
10.4.1 Supramolecular Helices
10.4.2 Single-Stranded Supramolecular Helix
10.4.3 Double-Stranded Supramolecular Helix
10.4.4 Triple-Stranded Supramolecular Helix
10.4.5 Quadruple-Stranded Supramolecular Helix
10.4.6 Herringbone Helix
10.4.6.1 Supramolecular β-Sheets
10.4.6.2 β-Sheet from Cyclic Peptide Foldamers
10.4.6.3 β-Sheet from Acyclic Peptide Foldamers
10.4.7 Factors on Self-Assembly of Folded Peptides
10.4.8 Effect of Amino Acid Sequence
10.4.9 Effect of Concentration
10.4.10 Effect of Sonication
10.4.11 Effect of Spacer
10.5 Effect of pH
10.6 Effect of Solvent
10.7 Effect of Other Stimulus
10.8 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Architectonics of Nucleic Acids
Chapter 11: Bio-inspired Functional DNA Architectures
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Modification Strategies
11.3 DNA Duplexes with External Modifications
11.4 DNA Duplexes with Internal Modifications
11.5 Higher-Order DNA Architectures
11.6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Chapter 12: Functional Molecule-Templated DNA Molecular Architectonics
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 SFM Toolbox
12.1.2 Templated DNA Architectures
12.1.2.1 SFM-Templated DNA Architectonics Driven by Canonical Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
12.1.2.2 SFM-Templated DNA Architectonics Driven by Noncanonical Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
12.1.2.3 SFM-Templated DNA Architectonics Driven by Ionic Interactions
12.1.2.4 SFM-Templated DNA Architectonics Driven by Metal-Base Pair Interactions
12.2 Nanoparticle-Templated DNA Architectonics
12.3 Biomolecule-Templated DNA Architectonics
12.3.1 Threading Intercalator-Guided DNA Architectonics
12.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 13: Architectures of Nucleolipid Assemblies and Their Applications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Architectonic Landscape of Nucleolipids
13.2.1 Design and Tuning of Nucleolipid Assemblies
13.2.2 Non-ionic Nucleolipids
13.2.3 Ionic Nucleolipids
13.2.4 Glycosyl-Based Nucleolipids
13.3 Applications of Nucleolipid Assemblies
13.3.1 Nucleolipid Delivery Vehicles, Injectable Gels and Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
13.3.2 Fluorescent Nucleolipids and Sensors
13.3.3 Nucleolipid Assemblies for Environmental Remediation
13.4 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Chapter 14: Nucleobase- and DNA-Functionalized Hydrogels and Their Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 G-Quadruplex Hydrogel
14.2.1 Brief History of G-Quadruplex Hydrogel
14.2.2 G-Quadruplex Hydrogels from Binary Systems
14.2.3 Boronate Ester Functionalized Dynamic G-Quadruplex Hydrogels and Their Applications
14.3 Oligonucleotide-Based Hydrogel
14.3.1 Conjugated Oligonucleotides
14.3.2 Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates (POCs)
14.3.3 Lipid-Oligonucleotide Conjugates
14.3.4 Carbohydrate-Oligonucleotide Conjugates
14.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: RNA Nanoarchitectures and Their Applications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 RNA vs DNA: Structural Differences and Its Implications on Stability
15.2.1 Key Structural Differences Between RNA and DNA
15.2.2 Structural Implications on RNA Stability
15.3 Aspects of RNA Nanoarchitecture
15.3.1 RNA Nanotechnology in Comparison with DNA Nanotechnology
15.3.2 Building Blocks of RNA Nanoarchitecture: RNA Motifs
15.3.3 Strategies for Building RNA Nanoarchitecture
15.4 Applications of RNA Nanoarchitecture
15.4.1 RNA Nanoarchitectures in Drug Delivery
15.4.2 In Vivo Assembly of RNA Nanoarchitecture
15.4.3 RNA Nanoarchitecture in Detection and Imaging: Light-Up Aptamers
15.4.4 RNA Nanoarchitecture in Gene Editing: CRISPR-Cas System
15.4.5 RNA Computing
15.5 Future Prospective
References
Part V: Architectonics of Complex Systems and Advanced Objects
Chapter 16: Covalent Organic Frameworks as Tunable Supports for HER, OER, and ORR Catalysts: A New Addition to Heterogeneous E...
16.1 Introduction to Covalent Organic Framework [COF]
16.2 Chemistry of COF Formation
16.3 Selected Notable Chemistries for COF-MOF Construction
16.4 Self-Exfoliation and Functionalizing Exfoliation Agent [FEA] (Fig. 16.12)
16.5 Stability in Imine-COFs Through Chemical Design
16.6 Imparting Nanoparticle Binding Units and Conductivity into COF
16.7 Concepts in HER
16.8 Concepts in Oxygen Evolution Reaction
16.9 Acidic and Alkaline Polymer Catalyst for OER
16.10 Analyzing OER Mechanism: A Thermodynamic Perspective
16.11 OER Mechanism Based on Kinetic Measurements: Challenges
16.12 Concepts in ORR: Different Pathways with Varying Thermodynamics
16.13 COF as Active Porous Support to Improve Catalyst Activity
16.14 Visible Light HER by Sulfone-Functionalized COF [169]
16.15 Electrocatalysis Using COF with Transition Metals
16.16 CFSE a Descriptor to Predict the Catalytic Activity of COF [204]
16.17 OER by Semi-crystalline Highly Conjugated Phenazine COFs
16.18 Modeling the Potential of a COF as a Bifunctional Catalyst
16.19 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Ligand-Functionalized Nanostructures and Their Biomedical Applications
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Why Ligand Functionalization Is Important for Biomedical Application?
17.3 Coating Chemistry for Nanoparticle
17.4 Bioconjugation Chemistry for Ligand Functionalization of Nanoparticle
17.5 Biomedical Applications of Ligand-Functionalized Nanostructures [1-25]
17.6 Challenges and Future Aspect of Ligand-Functionalized Nanostructure for Biomedical Applications
References
Chapter 18: Biomimetic Composite Materials and Their Biological Applications
18.1 Overview of Drug Delivery with Particulate Vehicles
18.2 Particles Mimicking Mammalian Cell Architecture and Morphology
18.3 Composites Mimicking Bacterial Cells
18.4 Virus-Mimicking Synthetic Delivery Systems
18.5 Drug Delivery Vehicles Imitating Antibody-Antigen Interactions
18.6 Biomimetic Materials for Tissue Engineering
18.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Combining Polymers, Nanomaterials, and Biomolecules: Nanostructured Films with Functional Properties and Applicati...
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Polymer Architectures with 1D, 2D, and 3D Dimensions
19.3 Polymer 2D Nanoarchitectures from Mono- and Multilayer Films
19.4 Biointerfaces: Applications as Mimetic Models and in Biosensing
19.4.1 Langmuir Monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett Films as Mimetic Models
19.4.2 Polymers and Nanostructured Films for Biosensing
19.5 Final Remarks
References
Chapter 20: Responsive Polymeric Architectures and Their Biomaterial Applications
20.1 Nano- and Bio-materials
20.2 ``Smart´´ Polymers
20.3 ``Smart´´ Diagnostic Tools
20.3.1 Early Disease Diagnosis
20.3.2 Diagnosis in the Developing World
20.3.3 ``Smart´´ Microfluidic Flow Control
20.4 ``Smart´´ Biological Assays
20.4.1 Biological Affinity Measurement
20.4.2 Bio-separations
20.5 Conclusions
References
Index