This book provides a comprehensive review of the models and approaches that can be employed to simulate modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Each solution is described in terms of operating principle, fields of applicability, advantages, and limitations. In addition, this work proposes a novel and efficient simulation approach for MMCs based on sub-circuit isomorphism. This technique, which has its roots in the electronics fields, can be profitably exploited to simulate MMCs regardless of the model used to describe its sub-modules, including the most accurate ones. Lastly, this book considers a well-known high voltage direct current (HVDC) benchmark system consisting of two MMCs. After describing the implementation details of each benchmark component, simulation results in several scenarios (ranging from normal operating conditions to faults in the AC and DC grid) are included to validate the proposed approach and showcase its key features. Due to its educational content, this book constitutes a useful guide for PhD students and researchers interested in the topic of MMCs and their simulation. It also serves as a starting platform for junior electrical engineers who work in the field of power electronic converters for HVDC systems.
Author(s): Davide del Giudice, Federico Bizzarri, Daniele Linaro, Angelo Maurizio Brambilla
Series: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology: PoliMI SpringerBriefs
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 125
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Challenges of Renewables in Electric Power Systems
1.1.1 Distributed Energy Resources
1.1.2 Concentrated Energy Resources and the Role of hvdc systems
1.2 Rationale of the Book
1.3 Notation
References
2 Modular Multilevel Converters: Key Features, Control Strategies and Main Challenges
2.1 Converter Technologies for High Voltage and Power Applications
2.1.1 Two-Level Voltage Source Converters
2.1.2 Diode Clamped Converters
2.1.3 Active Neutral Point Clamped Converters
2.1.4 Flying Capacitor Converters
2.1.5 Cascaded H-bridge Converters
2.2 Modular Multilevel Converters
2.3 The mmc Control Strategy
2.3.1 Park Transformation
2.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop pll
2.3.3 Upper Level Controls
2.3.4 Lower Level Controls
2.3.5 Protections
2.4 Challenges
2.4.1 Power Flow
2.4.2 Initialization
2.4.3 Stability Analysis
2.4.4 Electromagnetic Transient Simulation
References
3 Modular Multilevel Converter Models and Simulation Approaches
3.1 Literature Review of mmc Models for Transient Simulations
3.1.1 Full Physics (fp) Model
3.1.2 Full Detailed (fd) Model
3.1.3 Bi-value Resistor (bvr) Model
3.1.4 Thévenin Equivalent Model (tem)
3.1.5 Switching Function Model (sfm)
3.1.6 Average Value Model (avm)
3.2 Isomorphism-Based Simulation Techniques
3.2.1 Principles of Isomorphism
3.2.2 Isomorphic Simulation of mmc
3.2.3 Main Features and Fields of Application of the Isomorphism-Based Simulation of mmcs
References
4 Validation of the Isomorphism-Based Approach
4.1 Simulation Setting
4.1.1 ac Grids and Transformers
4.1.2 dc Line
4.1.3 mmc Parameters
4.1.4 Details Concerning Full-Physics, Full-Detailed, and Bi-value Resistor Submodule Models
4.1.5 Simulated Scenarios
4.2 Simulation Results
4.2.1 Analysis of Simulation Accuracy
4.2.2 Analysis of Submodules Variables
4.2.3 Analysis of Simulation Speed
References
5 Conclusion
