Occupational disease is an important public health problem of the 21st century. Occupational disease still accounts for many preventable illnesses and injuries in the workplace. It is important to incorporate modern knowledge of disease epidemiology and cutting-edge diagnostic methods and treatment with the most recent developments in the management and prevention methods to better control work-related diseases and injuries. This book covers a selection of the common occupational diseases and injuries. It offers accurate, current information on the history, causes, diagnosis, management and prevention of several occupational diseases.
Key features:
- 14 chapters contributed by more than 30 experts in occupational and preventive medicine
- Comprehensive treatment of the history, causes, diagnosis, management and prevention of many important occupational diseases (including asbestosis, silicosis, work-related asthma, occupational cancer, mesothelioma, arsenic, and other diseases.).
- Each chapter highlights the latest research findings and cutting-edge technologies
- References for further reading
Modern Occupational Diseases: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Management and Prevention serves as a useful guide for all readers interested in occupational diseases. The suggested readership includes trainees in occupational medicine, general practitioners, medical students, graduate students in public health programs, occupational health nurses, and professionals involved in occupational health and safety roles at public and private levels.
Author(s): Ki Moon Bang
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 389
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Occupational Disease in the 21st Century: COVID-19, Climate Change, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Kelly M. Hager1, Brian Linde1 and Carrie A. Redlich1,*
INTRODUCTION
THE CHANGING ECONOMY/CHANGING STRUCTURE OF WORK
Non-standard Work and Precarious Employment
Work Organization
CONTRIBUTION OF WORK TO OTHER HEALTH DISPARITIES
COVID-19 AS AN EXAMPLE OF AN EMERGING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE AND WORK HEALTH DISPARITIES
Effects on Workers
Health Disparities
Other Health Effects
Protections Looking to the Future
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate Change and Human Health
Heat Stress
Air Quality
Increase in Natural Disasters and Resurgence of Zoonotic Diseases
Future Recommendations
HOW TO BETTER PROTECT WORKERS IN THE FUTURE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Occupational Epidemiology
Ki Moon Bang1,*
INTRODUCTION
USE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
Descriptive Study
Analytic Studies
Experimental Study
TYPE OF STUDIES AND EXAMPLES
Cohort Study
Example 1. Prospective Cohort Mortality Study
Example 2. Prospective Cohort Morbidity Study
Case-Control Study
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Cross-Sectional Study
Example 1
Example 2
Ecologic Study
Example
Meta-Analysis
Example
Epidemiologic Surveillance for Occupational Disease
Example 1
Example 2
Molecular Epidemiologic Study
Example
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Asbestosis
Ian Henderson1,*, Daniel H. Sterman1, Robert L. Smith1 and William N. Rom1
BACKGROUND
BENIGN PARENCHYMAL MANIFESTATIONS
Asbestosis
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical, Radiographic, and Physiologic Features
Diagnosis and Treatment
BENIGN PLEURAL MANIFESTATIONS
Pleural Plaques
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical, Radiographic, and Physiologic Features
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diffuse Pleural Thickening
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Clinical, Radiographic, and Physiologic Features
Diagnosis and Treatment
Rounded Atelectasis
Acute Benign Pleural Effusion
EFFORTS TO CONTROL ASBESTOS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Silicosis
David N. Weissman1,* and Robert J. Tallaksen2
INTRODUCTION
RESPIRABLE CRYSTALLINE SILICA (RCS)
EXPOSURES TO RCS
PATHOGENESIS OF SILICOSIS
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SILICOSIS
RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF SILICOSIS
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SILICOSIS
DIAGNOSIS OF SILICOSIS
MANAGEMENT OF SILICOSIS
PREVENTION OF SILICOSIS
DISCLAIMER
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis
Rafia Zulfikar1,* and John E. Parker1
INTRODUCTION
Historical Background
Coal
Mining Methods
Coal Mine Dust
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Graph 1:
Graph 2:
PATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
CLINICAL FEATURES
Radiology
Pulmonary Function Test
Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)
TREATMENT
Prevention and Monitoring
Lung Transplant
Potential role of Antifibrotics
SUMMARY
CONSENT OF PULICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Occupational Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Jaime Szeinuk1 and Rafael E. de la Hoz2,*
INTRODUCTION
PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS
Functional Evidence
Imaging Evidence
Occupations and Exposures Associated with COPD
Occupational Exposure, Cigarette Smoking, and Causal Attribution
DIAGNOSIS
Additional Diagnostic Evaluation
Impairment and Disability Evaluation
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Work-Related Asthma
Kenneth Rosenman1,*
INTRODUCTION
Case Report
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS OF WORK-RELATED ASTHMA
TREATMENT
HAZARD CONTROL AND DISEASE PREVENTION
CONSENT OF PULICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Acute Respiratory Infections: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention
Oluwasanmi Oladapo Adenaiye1, Kathleen Marie McPhaul1 and Donald K. Milton1,*
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION OF ARI
EMERGING VIRUSES 2001 TO 2021
WORKPLACES AT RISK FOR ARI
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
PREVENTION
CONTROL MEASURES
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Malignant Mesothelioma
Yasutaka Takinishi1,*, Mika Tanji1, Haining Yang1 and Michele Carbone1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Incidence in the United States and Worldwide
History and Current Situation of Asbestos Usage and Occupational Exposure
Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Mesothelioma
Non-occupational Asbestos Exposure
Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA)
MECHANISMS OF ASBESTOS CARCINOGENESIS
Carcinogenic Mechanisms of Asbestos
BAP1 and MM
Other Germline Mutations May Also Predispose to MM
DIAGNOSIS OF MM
Clinical Presentation
Imaging Studies
Chest Radiography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FDG-PET/CT
Pathological Features of MM
Cytopathological Features
Histopathological Features of MM
THERAPY
Surgery
Chemotherapy/Targeted Therapy
Radiotherapy
Immunotherapy
PREVENTION
Disclosures
CONSENT OF PULICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Occupational Cancer
Ki Moon Bang1,*
INTRODUCTION
MAGNITUDE OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
CHARACTERISTICS OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
Latency Period
Dose-Response Relationship
Threshold Limit Values
Histologic Types
Demographic Variables
OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGENS IN HUMAN
Asbestos and Respiratory Diseases: Lung cancer, Mesothelioma, Asbestosis
Aromatic Amines: Bladder Cancer
Alkylating Agents: Lung Cancer and Leukemia
Benzene: Myelogenous Leukemia
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Scrotal Cancer and Lung Cancer
Vinyl Chloride: Angiosarcoma
Metals: Lung Cancer and Skin Cancer
Metalworking Fluids: Cancer of the Stomach, Bladder, Pancreas, Larynx, Skin, and Other Sites
OCCUPATIONAL CANCER SURVEILLANCE
Mortality Data
Cancer Survey Data
Cancer Registries
Type of Occupational Cancer Surveillance Disease-Based Surveillance
Exposure-Based Surveillance
Medical Screening
PRIORITIES FOR OCCUPATIONAL CANCER RESEARCH
Asbestos Workers
Motor Vehicle Operators
Machinists
Electric Workers
Metal Molders
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
The Role of IARC in Causation of Occupational Diseases: Case Study of the Carcinogenic Evaluation of Crystalline Silica
David F. Goldsmith*
INTRODUCTION
DETERMINING CAUSE AND EFFECT IN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Causation in Chronic Diseases
Strength of the Association or High Relative Risk (RR)
Dose-response (Sometimes Called Exposure-Response) Relationship
Consistency of Findings
Biological Plausibility, Including Experimental Evidence
Temporal Cogency
Control of Confounding and Bias
Specificity
Overall Coherence
THE CLASSIFICATION OF CARCINOGENICITY BY THE INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER (IARC).
THE IARC REVIEWS OF CRYSTALLINE SILICA
SILICA HEALTH RESEARCH IN THE WAKE OF IARC ASSESSMENTS
POLICY IMPACTS IN THE WAKE OF SILICA’S EVALUATION AS HUMAN CARCINOGEN
SILICA DUST ROARS AT WORKERS AND AT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Health Effects of Arsenic
Rose H. Goldman1,*
INTRODUCTION
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION
ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Acute Toxicity
Chronic and Latent Toxicity
ASSESSMENT
History
Biological Monitoring
Environmental/workplace Monitoring
TREATMENT
PREVENTION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Construction: Accessing and Working on Elevated Work Surfaces Safely
E.A. McKenzie, Jr.1,*, Mathew G. Hause1 and Thomas G. Bobick1
INTRODUCTION
EMPLOYMENT IN U.S. – SELECTED DEMOGRAPHICS
Construction Fatalities
NIOSH FATALITY ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL EVALUATION PROGRAM
OSHA FOCUS ENFORCEMENT AREAS AND TRAINING COMPONENTS
PLAN Ahead to Get the Job Done Safely
PROVIDE the Right Equipment
TRAIN Everyone to Use the Equipment Safely
PREVENTING CONSTRUCTION FALLS FROM ROOFS, LADDERS, AND SCAFFOLDS
Roofs
Safety on the Roof
Ladders
NIOSH Ladder Safety App for Smart Phones
Get the Ladder Safety App
Scaffolding
Mast Climbing Work Platform
Aerial Lifts
Aerial Lift Hazard Recognition Simulator
SUMMARY
DISCLAIMER
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
RESOURCES
REFERENCES
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Ming-Lun Lu1,*, Brian D. Lowe1, Ninica L. Howard2, Alysha R. Meyers1, Robert R. Fox3, Ren G. Dong1 and Brent A. Baker1
BACKGROUND
Burden of WMSDs
WMSD Case Definitions
Sources of WMSD Surveillance Data
Self-administered Surveys and Questionnaires
BLS Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
Workers’ Compensation Claims Data
Occupational Health Indicators
Syndromic Surveillance
Other WMSD Data Sources
Selection of Surveillance Data Sources
ETIOLOGY OF WMSDS
Pathomechanics
Skeletal Muscle Contraction Paradigms
Risk factors of WMSDs
Personal Risk Factors
Physical Risk Factors
Vibration in the Workplace
Workplace psychosocial risk factors
Environmental factors
ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR PHYSICAL RISK FACTORS
ERGONOMIC INTERVENTIONS
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Personal Protective Equipment
Resources for Ergonomic Interventions
Intervention Effectiveness—Systematic Reviews/Cochrane Reviews
ERGONOMICS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
International (ISO) and European Standards
Working Postures
Manual Handling
Human Physical Performance
Human Vibration Exposures
Other Standards and Guidelines on WMSDs Produced by Scientific/ Professional Organizations
The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)
International Ergonomics Association (IEA) Published Guidelines
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
Subject Index
