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Modality in Typological Perspective [PhD Thesis]

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Author(s): Fabrice Dominique Nauze
Series: ILLC Dissertation Series DS-2008-08
Publisher: University of Amsterdam
Year: 2008

Language: English
Pages: 248
City: Amsterdam

Introduction 1
1 Typology and modality 7
1.1 Typology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.1 Variation in the languages of the world . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.2 Language comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1.3 Three steps of typology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.1.4 Language sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.1.5 Language universals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2 Typologies of modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.1 Palmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.2 Hengeveld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.3 Van der Auwera and Plungian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.4 Typology of modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2 Typological investigation of six modal systems 19
2.1 Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.1.1 Dutch modal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1.2 Combinations of modal items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2 Fon cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.1 Fon modal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.2 Combinations of modal items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.3 Korean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.3.1 Korean modal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.3.2 Combinations of modal items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.4 Lillooet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4.1 Lillooet modal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
2.4.2 Combinations of modal items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.5 Turkish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.5.1 Turkish modal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
2.5.2 Combinations of modal items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
2.6 Tuvaluan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.6.1 Tuvaluan modal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.6.2 Combinations of modal items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
2.7 Typological conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
2.7.1 Participant-internal modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
2.7.2 Participant-external modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
2.7.3 Epistemic modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
2.7.4 Combinations of modal items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
2.7.5 Polyfunctionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3 Formal semantics of modality 131
3.1 Kratzer’s semantics of modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.1.1 Relative modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.1.2 Double relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3.1.3 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.2 Extensions of the standard framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.2.1 Goal-oriented modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.2.2 Modals and conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.2.3 Brennan: the epistemic/root distinction . . . . . . . . . . 146
4 Some problems of the standard framework 153
4.1 Polyfunctionality and context-dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.1.1 Ineffability of conversational backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.1.2 Non-polyfunctional modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.1.3 Polyfunctional modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.1.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.2 Participant-internal modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.2.1 Asymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.2.2 Disjunctive abilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4.2.3 Inference from epistemic modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.3 Participant-external modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.3.1 The content of a deontic ordering source . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.3.2 Zvolenszky’s problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
4.3.3 Goal-oriented modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.4 Combinations of modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5 Update semantics framework 181
5.1 Epistemic and deontic modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
5.1.1 Epistemic above deontic modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5.1.2 In the scope of deontic modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
5.2 Goal-oriented and participant-internal modality . . . . . . . . . . 204
5.2.1 Goal-oriented modality: a first sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
5.2.2 Participant-internal modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Conclusion 219
List of abbreviations 225
Samenvatting 227
Bibliography 229