Missile Guidance and Control Systems

Contents......Page 12
1 Introduction......Page 16
References......Page 28
2.1.1 Transformation Properties of Vectors......Page 30
2.1.2 Linear Vector Functions......Page 31
2.1.3 Tensors......Page 32
2.1.4 Coordinate Transformations......Page 33
2.2 Rigid-Body Equations of Motion......Page 37
2.3 D'Alembert's Principle......Page 60
2.4 Lagrange's Equations for Rotating Coordinate Systems......Page 61
References......Page 66
3.1 Aerodynamic Forces Relative to the Wind Axis System......Page 68
3.2 Aerodynamic Moment Representation......Page 77
3.2.1 Airframe Characteristics and Criteria......Page 92
3.3.1 System Design......Page 100
3.3.2 The Missile Mathematical Model......Page 106
3.4 The Missile Guidance System Model......Page 114
3.4.1 The Missile Seeker Subsystem......Page 117
3.4.2 Missile Noise Inputs......Page 128
3.4.3 Radar Target Tracking Signal......Page 134
3.4.4 Infrared Tracking Systems......Page 140
3.5 Autopilots......Page 144
3.5.1 Control Surfaces and Actuators......Page 159
3.6 English Bias......Page 166
References......Page 168
4.1 Introduction......Page 170
4.2.1 Homing Guidance......Page 173
4.2.2 Command and Other Types of Guidance......Page 177
4.3 Missile Equations of Motion......Page 189
4.4 Derivation of the Fundamental Guidance Equations......Page 196
4.5 Proportional Navigation......Page 209
4.6 Augmented Proportional Navigation......Page 240
4.7 Three-Dimensional Proportional Navigation......Page 243
4.8.1 Introduction......Page 250
4.8.2 Optimal Filtering......Page 252
4.8.3 Optimal Control of Linear Feedback Systems with Quadratic Performance Criteria......Page 257
4.8.4 Optimal Control for Intercept Guidance......Page 263
4.9 End Game......Page 271
References......Page 281
5.1 Introduction......Page 284
5.2 Definitions and Acronyms Used in Weapon Delivery......Page 285
5.2.1 Definitions......Page 286
5.2.2 Acronyms......Page 294
5.3 Weapon Delivery Requirements......Page 299
5.3.1 Tactics and Maneuvers......Page 301
5.3.2 Aircraft Sensors......Page 304
5.4 The Navigation/Weapon Delivery System......Page 305
5.4.1 The Fire Control Computer......Page 307
5.5 Factors Influencing Weapon Delivery Accuracy......Page 308
5.5.1 Error Sensitivities......Page 309
5.5.2 Aircraft Delivery Modes......Page 312
5.6 Unguided Weapons......Page 314
5.6.1 Types of Weapon Delivery......Page 315
5.6.2 Unguided Free-Fall Weapon Delivery......Page 317
5.6.3 Release Point Computation for Unguided Bombs......Page 319
5.7 The Bombing Problem......Page 320
5.7.1 Conversion of Ground Plane Miss Distance into Aiming Plane Miss Distance......Page 323
5.7.2 Multiple Impacts......Page 327
5.8 Equations of Motion......Page 329
5.9 Covariance Analysis......Page 335
5.10 Three-Degree-of-Freedom Trajectory Equations and Error Analysis......Page 338
5.10.1 Error Analysis......Page 341
5.11 Guided Weapons......Page 343
5.12 Integrated Flight Control in Weapon Delivery......Page 347
5.12.1 Situational Awareness/Situation Assessment (SA/SA)......Page 349
5.12.2 Weapon Delivery Targeting Systems......Page 351
5.13 Air-to-Ground Attack Component......Page 354
5.14 Bomb Steering......Page 359
5.15 Earth Curvature......Page 366
5.16 Missile Launch Envelope......Page 368
5.17 Mathematical Considerations Pertaining to the Accuracy of Weapon Delivery Computations......Page 375
References......Page 379
6.1 Introduction......Page 380
6.2 The Two-Body Problem......Page 381
6.3 Lambert's Theorem......Page 397
6.4.1 Application of the Newtonian Inverse-Square Field Solution to Ballistic Missile Flight......Page 404
6.4.2 The Spherical Hit Equation......Page 407
6.4.3 Ballistic Error Coefficients......Page 433
6.4.4 Effect of the Rotation of the Earth......Page 455
6.5.1 Correlated Velocity......Page 458
6.5.2 Velocity-to-Be-Gained......Page 464
6.5.3 The Missile Control System......Page 472
6.5.4 Control During the Atmospheric Phase......Page 477
6.5.5 Guidance Techniques......Page 481
6.6 Derivation of the Force Equation for Ballistic Missiles......Page 487
6.6.1 Equations of Motion......Page 492
6.6.2 Missile Dynamics......Page 495
6.7 Atmospheric Reentry......Page 497
6.8 Missile Flight Model......Page 505
6.9.1 Introduction......Page 519
6.9.2 Missile Tracking Equations of Motion......Page 530
References......Page 534
7.1 Introduction......Page 536
7.2 System Description......Page 542
7.2.1 System Functional Operation and Requirements......Page 547
7.2.2 Missile Navigation System Description......Page 549
7.3 Cruise Missile Navigation System Error Analysis......Page 558
7.3.1 Navigation Coordinate System......Page 563
7.4.1 Introduction......Page 566
7.4.2 Definitions......Page 570
7.4.3 The Terrain-Contour Matching (TERCOM) Concept......Page 572
7.4.4 Data Correlation Techniques......Page 578
7.4.5 Terrain Roughness Characteristics......Page 583
7.4.6 TERCOM System Error Sources......Page 585
7.4.7 TERCOM Position Updating......Page 586
7.5 The NAVSTAR/GPS Navigation System......Page 591
7.5.1 GPS/INS Integration......Page 598
References......Page 602
A: Fundamental Constants......Page 604
C......Page 606
N......Page 607
T......Page 608
Z......Page 609
C: List of Acronyms......Page 610
D: The Standard Atmospheric Model......Page 620
References......Page 624
E: Missile Classification......Page 626
F.1 Historical Background......Page 640
F.2 Unpowered Precision-Guided Munitions (PGM)......Page 659
References......Page 672
G.1 Preliminaries......Page 666
G.2 General Conic Trajectories......Page 668
H: Radar Frequency Bands......Page 674
I: Selected Conversion Factors......Page 676
C......Page 678
K......Page 679
R......Page 680
Z......Page 681