CRC Press,2012. — 218 pages — ISBN: 0415684218
This reference set offers illustrated essentials to study mineralogy, applied to petrology. While there are some excellent reference works available on this subject, this work is unique for its data richness and its visual character.
This compact set will serve as a field manual to students, researchers and professionals in geology, geological, mining, and mineral resources engineering to observe and determine minerals in their studies or field work.Table of Contents
Introduction
Why the microscope? Purpose of the book1Rocks and minerals
What is a mineral?
An ordered atomic structure
A given chemical composition
Classification of the minerals
Factors of occurrence of minerals
Physical factors
Chemical factors
Parameters linked to the fluid phase
Chemical composition of the rock
Silica saturation of igneous rocks
Alumina saturation of igneous rocks
Plan adopted in this guide2Observations with the petrographic microscope
Indicatrix (refractive index ellipsoid)
The petrographic microscope
Crystalline plate with parallel faces in crossed polarized light
Observations in parallel polarized light (PPL)
Forms, fractures, cleavages
Index/refringence
Color – Pleochroism
Inclusions
Alterations
Observations in cross polarized light (CPL)
Interference colors – Birefringence
Anomalous interference colors
Position of the indicatrix – Angle of extinction
Sign of elongation
Twinning
Observations in convergent polarized light
Obtain an interference figure
Uniaxial mineral: section perpendicular to the optic axis
Determining optic sign
Biaxial mineral: section perpendicular to an optic axis
Determining optic sign
Biaxial mineral: section perpendicular to the bisector of the acute angle of the optic axes
Determining optic sign
Dispersion
Fluid and melt inclusions in rock-forming minerals
Definitions
Identification of the fluid/melt content
Primary versus secondary inclusions
Potential interest of fluid/melt inclusion studies3Systematic mineralogy
Major tectosilicates: quartz – feldspars – feldspathoids
Silica group
Feldspars
Chemical composition
Stability of feldspars
Occurrences of feldspars
Alteration of the feldspars
Feldspathoids
Chemical composition
Occurrences
Major ferro-magnesian minerals: micas, chlorites, amphiboles, pyroxenes, olivines, serpentines
Micas and related minerals
Structure and chemical composition
Alterations of micas
Stability of micas
Occurrences of micas
Lithium-bearing micas
Paragonite
Brittle micas
Stilpnomelane
Talc
Zussmanite – Howieite – Deerite
Chlorites
Structure and chemical composition
Occurrences of chlorites
Amphiboles
Structure and chemical composition
Classification of the amphiboles (Leake, 1978)
Stability of amphiboles
Occurrences of amphiboles
Pyroxenes
Structure and chemical composition
Stability of pyroxenes
Occurrences of the pyroxenes
Olivine group
Structure and chemical composition
Stability of olivines
Occurrences of olivines
Alterations of olivine
Serpentine and serpentinization
Aluminous minerals
Structure and chemical composition
Alumina silicates: andalusite, sillimanite, kyanite
Aluminous garnets
Staurolite
Chloritoid
Cordierite
Magnesiocarpholite
Sapphirine
Topaz
Beryl
Corundum
Pyrophyllite
Diaspore (gibbsite and boehmite)
Occurrences
Metamorphic rocks
Igneous rocks
Metasomatic rocks
Sedimentary rocks and alterites
Calcic, magnesian and calc-magnesian minerals
Chemical composition and stability
Carbonates
Aluminous, anhydrous and hydrated, calcic silicates
Non aluminous calcium silicates
Magnesian, non-aluminous silicates (oxides and hydroxides) (anhydrous and hydrated; saturated and under-saturated in silica)
Ferro-magnesian calcic silicates
Occurrences
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Igneous rocks
Hydrothermal veins
Alteration minerals
Accessory minerals
Spinel group
Chemical composition
Occurrences
Boron minerals
Tourmaline
Axinite
Datolite
Phosphates
Apatite
Monazite
Xenotime
Lithium bearing minerals
Amblygonite
Petalite
Pollucite
Titanium bearing minerals
Rutile
Ilmenite
Titanite
Perovskite
Zircon
Titano-and zircono-silicates and silicates of the alkaline rocks
Oxides of niobium, tantale and zirconium of alkaline rocks
Minerals of sedimentary rocks and alterites
Clay minerals
Structure and chemical composition
Occurrences
Evaporites minerals
Ore minerals
Barite
Fluorite
Sphalerite
Scheelite
CassiteriteAppendix – Calculation of the structural formula of a mineral
A selection of books
References
Websites
Index
