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Military Social Work Around the Globe

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This is the first book to focus on the scope of social work practice within military settings from an international perspective, and therefore addresses what has been a significant gap in the literature. Given the critical support needs of military personnel and their families worldwide, and the expanding role of social work in responding to these needs, this book offers a comprehensive global understanding of the common military social work (MilSW) practices with active duty military service members and their families, as well as the forms of practice and approaches that are unique, or potentially transferable across nations.

Based on a systematic inquiry conducted by the Editors, there are at least 25 countries that have social workers working directly within their country’s military in either a civilian or uniformed capacity, or both. This book includes contributions from experts in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK, and the USA, who describe various aspects of the MilSW role within their country and the research that informs what military social workers do. The MilSW similarities and differences among these countries are highlighted, including developmental milestones, practice settings, practice orientation and approach, ethical dilemmas, military to veteran transition support, and past and current challenges. Experts from countries that do not yet have MilSW but are interested in developing it (Japan, Ukraine) or are in the process of establishing this area of practice (Slovakia), also contribute chapters about these developments and the evidence base that supports this direction.

Military Social Work Around the Globe is a valuable resource for social work programs and essential reading for instructors and students in MilSW electives and specializations. It is also pertinent reading for occupational social work and international social work courses. In addition, this book is an important source of information for military social workers who would like to gain insights into existing programs and the possibilities for international collaboration, and for countries interested in developing MilSW.

Author(s): Mary Ann Forgey, Karen Green-Hurdle
Series: Military and Veterans Studies
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 304
City: Cham

Foreword
References
Preface
Organization
Editing Challenges
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Chapter 1: Developing Global Collaboration in Military Social Work
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Need for an International Perspective of Military Social Work
1.3 From an Idea to a Concrete Reality
1.3.1 Process of Identifying Countries with Military Social Work (MilSW)
1.3.2 Highlights from the Initial 2016–2017 IMilSW Literature Search
1.3.3 Identifying Subject Matter Experts (SME)
1.4 The Exploratory Interviews
1.4.1 Insights Gained from the Exploratory Interviews with Subject Matter Experts
1.5 Inaugural International Military Social Work (IMilSW) Conference at West Point, NY. April 24–26, 2019
1.5.1 International MilSW Consortium Formed (2019)
1.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Military Social Work in Australia: Opportunities for Policy, Practice, and Education
2.1 Introduction
2.2 A Brief History of Military Social Work
2.3 Military Social Work Settings and Interventions
2.3.1 Department of Defence Military Social Work
2.3.2 Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) Military Social Work
2.4 Overview of the Australian Military Social Work Approach
2.5 Australian Military Social Work Research
2.6 Military to Civilian Transition Support
2.7 Ethical Issues and Challenges
2.8 Education and Training
2.9 Next Steps—Opportunities for Military Social Work in Australia
2.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Military Social Work in the Canadian Armed Forces
3.1 History of Military Social Work (MilSW)
3.2 Military Social Work (MilSW) Role and Settings
3.2.1 Evolution of Social Work Role in Response to Organizational and Societal Factors
3.2.2 A New Concept for Mental Health Care Delivery
3.2.3 Social Work Support to Deployed Operations
3.2.4 Fundamental Military Social Work (MilSW) Roles
3.2.5 Military Social Work Role in Military to Civilian Transition
3.3 Practice Orientation and Ethical Issues Encountered
3.4 Military Social Work (MilSW) Education and Training
3.5 Major Challenges and Future Directions
References
Chapter 4: Social Work in the Danish Defence
4.1 Background: Overview of the Danish Military
4.2 History of Danish Military Social Work
4.3 Requirements for the Job as a Social Worker in the Danish Defence
4.4 Military Social Work Practice
4.4.1 Organizational Framework
4.4.2 Social Work Practice Settings
4.4.3 Practice Orientation and Approach
4.4.4 Social Work Roles with Military Service Members and Former Members
4.4.4.1 Roles with Family Members
4.5 The Influence of the Danish Veteran Policy on the Work of Social Workers
4.6 Social Work Role in the Military to Civilian Transition
4.6.1 Defence Employment Contracts
4.6.2 Rehabilitation Course
4.7 Support of Former Military Members
4.8 Ethical Issues
4.9 Major Challenges and Future Directions
References
Chapter 5: Military Social Work in the Finnish Defence Forces
5.1 Background
5.1.1 Finnish Defence Solution and Conscription System
5.1.2 Nordic Welfare State as a Guardian of Citizens’ Well-Being
5.1.3 Social Work and Education of Social Workers in Finland
5.2 History of Military Social Work
5.3 Military Social Work (MilSW) as Part of the Framework of Human Performance
5.4 Military Social Work (MilSW) Practice Settings and Roles
5.4.1 MilSW in Garrison
5.4.2 Role of Military Social Worker in Crisis Management and Peacekeeping Operations
5.4.3 Role of Military Social Worker for Psychosocial Services of Crisis Management Operations at Pori Brigade in Finland
5.4.4 The Support System After Crisis Management Operations and Role of the Military Social Worker
5.4.5 Role of Military Social Work (MilSW) During Wartime
5.5 Ethical Issues
5.6 International Cooperation
5.7 Major Challenges and Future Directions
References
Chapter 6: The Approach to Military Social Work in the Republic of Ireland
6.1 History of Occupational Social Work in the Irish Defence Forces
6.1.1 Formation of the Personnel Support Service
6.2 Social Work Practice in the Irish Defence Forces
6.2.1 Practice Settings and Roles
6.2.2 Factors Influencing the Contemporary Irish Defence Forces Social Work Approach
6.2.3 Social Work Practice Interventions
6.3 Ethical Issues
6.3.1 Ethics of Dual Relationships
6.3.2 Boundary Issues
6.3.3 Trust and Rapport
6.3.4 Confidentiality
6.4 Role in Military to Civilian Transition
6.4.1 The Friday Club
6.5 Educational and Training for Occupational Social Workers in the Irish Defence Forces
6.5.1 Challenges Faced in Occupational Social Work Education and Training
6.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Military Social Work in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)
7.1 Background: Military Service in Israel – Uniqueness and Challenge
7.2 History of Military Social Work and the Mental Health Array
7.3 Practice Orientation and Approach
7.4 Military Social Work Education and Training
7.5 Practice Settings and Roles
7.6 Other Welfare Projects
7.7 Ethical Issues
7.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Occupational Social Work Within the Netherlands Armed Forces
8.1 The History of Occupational Social Work Within the Netherlands Armed Forces
8.1.1 The Development of Occupational Social Work
8.2 Current Occupational Social Work Within the Netherlands Armed Forces: Practice Settings and Roles
8.2.1 Occupational Social Work Services Centre
8.2.2 Core Tasks
8.2.3 Practice Settings
8.3 Practice Approach and Type of Interventions
8.3.1 Interventions Focused on Defence Personnel and Their Work Environment
8.3.2 Interventions Focused on the Families of Defence Personnel
8.3.3 Care Around Deployment
8.3.4 Special Missions: COVID-19 Deployment Care Plan
8.4 Interventions Focused on Post-active Veterans
8.5 Ethical Tensions
8.6 Education and Training of Occupational Social Workers
8.7 Major Challenges and Future Directions
8.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: The Approach to Military Social Work in Aotearoa New Zealand
9.1 Emergence of Military Social Work in Aotearoa New Zealand and Its Foundations
9.2 Structure of Military Social Work (MilSW) in NZDF and Underpinning Laws and Regulations
9.2.1 Laws and Regulations Underpinning the NZDF Military Social Work Approach
9.3 Overarching Framework Underpins Military Social Work Practice in the NZDF
9.4 Putting Theory into Practice in Military Social Work in NZDF
9.4.1 Micro-Level Interventions with Individual Clients and Their Families
9.4.2 Meso- and Macro-Level Interventions
9.5 Social Work Ethical Tensions
9.6 Transition Support
9.7 Preparation for the Role as a Military Social Worker in NZDF
9.8 Major Challenges and Opportunities
References
Chapter 10: Military Social Work in South Africa
10.1 History of Military Social Work in South Africa
10.2 Military Social Work Practice Settings
10.3 The Military Social Work Practice Model: Social Work Roles and Interventions
10.3.1 Position 1: Restorative Interventions
10.3.2 Position 2: Promotive Interventions
10.3.3 Position 3: Work-Person Interventions
10.3.4 Position 4: Workplace Interventions
10.3.5 Position 5: Research & Development
10.3.6 Position 6: Management
10.4 Practice Orientation and Approach
10.5 MilSW Role in Military to Civilian Transition and Integration
10.6 Ethical Issues
10.7 Military Social Work Education and Training
10.8 Vignette
10.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Military Social Work in the United Kingdom
11.1 Introduction
11.2 History of Military Social Work
11.2.1 Defence Medical Services
11.2.2 Royal Navy Family and Personal Support Service
11.2.3 Directorate of Children and Young People
11.2.4 Polaris Children’s Services
11.2.5 Soldier’, Sailors and Airmen’s Families Association (SSAFA)
11.2.6 The Army Welfare Service
11.3 Military Social Worker Qualification Requirements
11.4 Practice Settings
11.5 Military Social Work Roles and Interventions
11.5.1 Interventions with Military Personnel
11.5.2 Interventions with Children
11.5.3 Interventions Within the Organisation
11.6 Practice Orientation and Approach
11.6.1 Influences on the Military Social Work Approach
11.7 MilSW Role in Military to Civilian Transition
11.8 Ethical Issues
11.9 Major Challenges and Future Directions
11.10 Covid-Related Challenges
11.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Military Social Work in the US Armed Forces with a Focus on Service Members and Military Organizations
12.1 History of Military Social Work in the US Armed Forces
12.2 Uniformed Social Work Roles and Responsibilities
12.2.1 Embedded Social Work Officer Position
12.2.2 Hospital and Clinic Assignments
12.2.3 Military Substance Abuse Counselor
12.2.4 Policy and Advocacy Positions
12.2.5 Corrections of Social Work Officer
12.2.6 Instructor Positions
12.2.7 Educational Opportunities
12.3 Interventions Utilized by Military Social Workers
12.4 Military Social Work Challenges
12.4.1 Ethical Tensions
12.4.2 Management of Deploying Social Work Providers
12.4.3 Congressional Oversight into Social Work Delivery
12.4.4 Social Worker Shortages Affect Access to Care
12.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: History and Current Framework of Social Work Services Delivered to Families and Communities Within the US Military
13.1 History of Social Work Services Delivered to Military Families and Communities
13.1.1 US Army
13.1.2 US Navy
13.1.3 US Air Force
13.2 Community Service and Family Support Centers
13.3 Family Advocacy Services
13.4 Medical Social Work Services
13.5 Social Work Practice with Substance Use Disorders
13.6 Current Challenges
13.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Equipping Uniformed and Civilian Military Social Workers for Service: Efforts of Civilian and Military Education Programs in the United States
14.1 Introduction
14.2 History of Military Social Work Education
14.3 Military-Affiliated Social Work Educational Programs: Growing Their Own
14.3.1 Gatekeeping: Ensuring Suitability
14.3.2 Admission Process
14.3.2.1 Pre-requisite Military Training
14.3.2.2 Program Orientation
14.3.3 Overview of the Curriculum
14.4 Educating Civilian Military Social Workers
14.4.1 An Identified Need
14.4.2 Understanding Military and Veterans 101
14.4.3 Interdisciplinary Graduate Certificate in Military Behavioral Health
14.5 Discussion
References
Chapter 15: Current Status of Military Social Work in Japan
15.1 Outline of Japan’s Self-Defense Forces
15.2 Special Characteristics of Social Work in Japan
15.3 JSDF and Military Social Work
15.3.1 Suicide Prevention Measures
15.3.2 Support for Members Dispatched Overseas and Their Families
15.3.3 Family Support for Families of Service Members in Domestic Assignments
15.4 Outlook on the Potential for Development of Military Social Work in the JSDF
15.5 Summary
References
Chapter 16: Slovakia: The Newest Country to Develop Military Social Work – A Description of the Planning and Development Process
16.1 Historical Review
16.1.1 The Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic
16.1.2 The Profession of Social Work in Slovakia
16.1.3 The Development of the Military Social Work Role in the AFSR
16.2 Factors that Support the Development of Social Care for Professional Soldiers and Their Families
16.2.1 Key Legislative Developments
16.2.2 Research Support for the Need for Military Social Work (MilSW)
16.3 Rationale for the Development of Military Social Work (MilSW)
16.4 Care Programs for Professional Soldiers and Their Families
16.5 Plan for the Implementation of Military Social Work (MilSW)
16.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: The Status of Military Social Work in Ukraine: Current Efforts to Develop This Role and the Obstacles Encountered1
17.1 The Status of Military Social Work in Ukraine: Current Efforts to Develop This Role and the Obstacles Encountered
17.2 Active-Duty Service Members and Veterans’ Needs
17.2.1 Active-Duty Service Members
17.2.2 Veterans
17.3 Governmental, Civil Society, and International Organizations’ Response
17.3.1 Governmental Benefits
17.3.2 Nongovernmental Services
17.3.2.1 Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
17.3.2.2 Employment
17.3.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Support
17.4 Prerequisites for Military Social Work Establishment in Ukraine
17.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Strengthening Military Social Work Through the Development of a Global Understanding of Practice Similarities and Differences
18.1 Introduction
18.2 History of Military Social Work
18.3 Military Social Work Scope of Practice
18.3.1 Overview of Military Social Work Roles
18.3.2 Military Social Work Practice Settings
18.3.2.1 The Military Unit as the Practice Setting
18.3.2.2 Mental Health Clinic Setting
18.3.2.3 Interdisciplinary Practice Settings
18.3.2.4 Theoretical Perspective
18.3.2.5 MilSW Identity
18.4 MilSW and Military to Civilian/Veteran Transition Support Services
18.5 Ethical Tensions
18.6 Military Social Work Education and Training
18.7 Future Directions and Challenges Ahead for International Military Social Work
18.8 Conclusion
References
Index