Understand IPv6, the protocol essential to future Internet growth.Exhaustion of address space and global routing table growth necessitate important revisions to the current version of the Internet Protocol, IPv4. IP version 6 offers greater address space and additional features to support the evolving requirements of Internet applications. Deployed alongside current IPv4 networks, IPv6 will restore the full-fledge network necessary for Internet growth.Migrating to IPv6 gives a comprehensive overview of IPv6 and related protocols, the layers below IPv6 to the application and end-user layers. Author Marc Blanchet offers a direct and clear route to understanding the topic, taking a top-down approach and ordering topics by relevance. Tried and tested practical techniques and advice on implementation, applications and deployment provide ‘how-to’ information on everything you need to know to put the technology to work.Migrating to IPv6:Provides a complete, up-to-date, in-depth, and accessible practical guide to IPv6.Demonstrates the theory with practical and generic examples and major implementation configurations, such as Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Cisco, Juniper and Hexago.Provides a comprehensive reference to key data structures and packet formats.Summarizes topics in table and graphical form to give fast access to information, including over 200 figures.Offers an accompanying website with extra coverage of specific topics, information on additional protocols and specifications, and updates on new features.This text will give network engineers, managers and operators, software engineers and IT professionals and analysts a thorough understanding of IPv6.
Author(s): Marc Blanchet
Edition: 1
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 368
Migrating to IPv6......Page 7
Contents......Page 13
Foreword......Page 25
Preface......Page 29
1.1.1 IPv4 Addressing......Page 35
1.1.2 IPv4 Address Space Utilization......Page 37
1.1.3 Network Address Translation......Page 39
1.1.5 Variable Length Subnet Mask......Page 41
1.1.7 Provider-based Assignment and Aggregation of IPv4 Network Prefixes......Page 42
1.1.10 Summary of Internet Growth......Page 43
1.2.1 Deploying Voice over IP......Page 44
1.2.3 Deploying Application Security......Page 47
1.2.4 Videoconferencing......Page 48
1.2.6 Using Remote Procedure Calls......Page 49
1.2.8 VPN Between Same Address Space......Page 50
1.2.9 Deploying Services in the Home Network......Page 51
1.2.12 Address Plans and Secondary Addresses......Page 52
1.2.13 Provider VPN Address Collisions......Page 53
1.3 Architectural Considerations......Page 54
1.3.1 Network Address Translator Variations......Page 59
1.4 Paradigm Shift......Page 60
1.5 IETF Work Towards IPv6......Page 61
1.6 IPv6 Main Features......Page 64
1.8 IPv6 Return on Investment......Page 66
1.9 What Happened to IPv5?......Page 67
1.11 References......Page 68
1.12 Further Reading......Page 70
2.1 Setup Description......Page 71
2.2.1 Enabling IPv6 on N2 and N3......Page 72
2.2.3 Installing and Configuring the TSP Client on N2......Page 74
2.2.6 Requesting an IPv6 Prefix Delegation......Page 75
2.5 Further Reading......Page 76
3.1 Description of the IP Datagram......Page 77
3.2 IPv4 Header......Page 78
3.3 IPv6 Header......Page 80
3.4.1 Version......Page 81
3.4.2 Traffic Class......Page 82
3.4.6 Next Header......Page 83
3.5 Extension Headers......Page 84
3.5.1 Hop-by-Hop Option......Page 85
3.5.6 No Next Header......Page 86
3.6 Datagram Size......Page 87
3.6.2 Path MTU Discovery......Page 88
3.6.3 Fragmentation......Page 89
3.6.4 Jumbogram......Page 90
3.6.5 Header Compression......Page 91
3.7.1 Checksum......Page 92
3.9 References......Page 93
4.1 Address Space......Page 95
4.2.1 Text Representation of Addresses......Page 96
4.2.3 Addresses in URL......Page 97
4.3.1 Global Unicast Addresses......Page 98
4.3.2 Scoped Addresses......Page 100
4.3.3 Protocol Use Addresses......Page 103
4.3.4 Unspecified Address......Page 104
4.4 Multicast Addressing......Page 105
4.6 Addressing Architecture......Page 108
4.8 References......Page 110
4.9 Further Reading......Page 111
5.2 Address Auto-Configuration......Page 113
5.2.1 Interface Identifier......Page 114
5.2.2 Router Advertisements and Solicitations......Page 115
5.3 Lifetime of Advertised Prefixes......Page 118
5.4 Node Booting Process......Page 121
5.5.1 Basic Behavior......Page 122
5.5.2 Initial Exchange......Page 123
5.5.3 Data Exchange......Page 124
5.5.5 Differences Between DHCPv4 and DHCPv6......Page 126
5.7 Configuring Interfaces and Router Advertisements on Hosts and Routers......Page 127
5.7.2 FreeBSD......Page 128
5.7.3 Linux......Page 130
5.7.4 Solaris......Page 132
5.7.5 Windows......Page 133
5.7.6 Cisco......Page 135
5.7.7 Hexago......Page 138
5.7.8 Juniper......Page 139
5.8 Summary......Page 141
5.9.1 Router Advertisement and Solicitation Message Formats......Page 142
5.9.2 DHCP Variables, Addresses and Ports......Page 143
5.10 References......Page 145
6.1 Solicited-Node Multicast Address......Page 147
6.2.2 IPv6 Differences......Page 149
6.2.3 Neighbor Solicitation Process......Page 150
6.4 Neighbor Cache......Page 151
6.5 EUI-64 and Neighbor Discovery......Page 152
6.6.2 Multicast......Page 153
6.6.3 Ethernet MTU......Page 155
6.7 Point-to-Point Links......Page 156
6.8 Multi-link Subnets......Page 158
6.10 Managing Neighbors on Hosts and Routers......Page 159
6.10.2 Linux......Page 160
6.10.3 Solaris......Page 161
6.10.5 Cisco......Page 162
6.12 References......Page 163
6.13 Further Reading......Page 164
7.1 ICMP......Page 165
7.1.1 Error Messages......Page 166
7.1.2 Informational Messages......Page 169
7.4.1 FreeBSD......Page 170
7.4.5 Cisco......Page 171
7.6 References......Page 172
8.1 Hostname To IPv6 Address with the AAAA Record......Page 173
8.2 IPv6 Address To Hostname......Page 174
8.3 Transport......Page 175
8.6 IP Address Selection......Page 177
8.7.2 Configuring BIND......Page 178
8.7.7 Windows......Page 180
8.7.9 Hexago......Page 181
8.9 References......Page 182
8.10 Further Reading......Page 183
9.2 Source Routing with the Routing Header......Page 185
9.3 Route Redirect......Page 188
9.5 RIP......Page 189
9.5.1 Changes......Page 190
9.6.3 Link-State Database......Page 191
9.7.1 Changes......Page 192
9.8.1 Changes......Page 193
9.9 Tunneling IPv6......Page 194
9.10 Renumbering Routers......Page 196
9.11 Internet Routing......Page 197
9.12.1 Provider Independent Address Space......Page 200
9.12.2 Multiple Prefixes......Page 201
9.12.4 Propagation using Router Renumbering and Advertisements......Page 202
9.12.5 Multihoming Work Progress......Page 204
9.14 References......Page 205
10.1 Considerations on Using Autoconfiguration for RouterInterfaces......Page 207
10.2.2 Static Routes......Page 208
10.2.4 RIP......Page 209
10.3.2 Static Routes......Page 210
10.4.2 Troubleshooting......Page 211
10.5.3 Troubleshooting......Page 212
10.6.2 Cisco Express Forwarding......Page 213
10.6.6 RIP......Page 214
10.6.7 OSPF......Page 215
10.6.8 IS-IS......Page 216
10.6.9 BGP......Page 217
10.8 Juniper......Page 218
10.8.3 Static Routes......Page 219
10.8.5 OSPF......Page 220
10.8.6 IS-IS......Page 221
10.8.7 BGP......Page 222
10.9 Zebra......Page 224
10.9.3 OSPF......Page 225
10.9.4 BGP......Page 226
10.11 Further Reading......Page 227
11 Mobility......Page 229
11.1 Overview......Page 230
11.1.2 Basic MobileIP Process......Page 231
11.1.3 Triangle Routing......Page 232
11.1.5 Handoff......Page 234
11.4 Mobile Node is at Home......Page 236
11.5 Mobile Node is away from Home......Page 237
11.5.3 Mobile Node Sending Packets......Page 238
11.5.4 Correspondent Node Sending Packets to the Mobile Node......Page 239
11.6 Mobile Node is Moving Again......Page 240
11.8.2 Return Routability Procedure with Correspondent Nodes......Page 241
11.9 Correspondent Node is Not MobileIP Aware......Page 243
11.9.2 Mobile Node Sending Packets......Page 244
11.9.3 Correspondent Node Sending Packets to the Mobile Node......Page 245
11.10.1 Fast Handoff......Page 246
11.10.2 Home Agent is Not Reachable......Page 247
11.10.3 Mobile Networks......Page 248
11.11.4 ICMP Messages......Page 249
11.11.5 Neighbor Discovery......Page 251
11.12.1 Enterprise Network with Mobile Nodes on Most Links......Page 252
11.13.1 FreeBSD......Page 253
11.13.2 Linux......Page 255
11.13.5 Hexago......Page 256
11.15 References......Page 257
12.1 Characteristics of Wireless Links......Page 259
12.2 Header Compression over Limited Bandwidth Link Layers......Page 260
12.3 TCP Behavior over Wireless......Page 262
12.4 3GPP......Page 263
12.7 References......Page 265
12.8 Further Reading......Page 266
13 Security......Page 267
13.1.1 IPsec Transport and Tunnel Modes......Page 268
13.1.3 AH Header......Page 269
13.1.4 ESP Header......Page 273
13.1.5 IPsec and IPv4 NAPT......Page 275
13.2 Secure Shell (SSH)......Page 277
13.4 Temporary Addresses......Page 278
13.6 Securing IPv6 on the Link......Page 279
13.6.2 Secure Neighbor Discovery......Page 280
13.8.1 FreeBSD......Page 282
13.8.3 Cisco......Page 284
13.8.4 Juniper......Page 285
13.10 References......Page 287
14.1 IPv5: Streaming Protocol......Page 289
14.3 Integrated Services......Page 290
14.3.1 RSVP......Page 291
14.3.2 Flow Label......Page 293
14.5 Hardware processing......Page 294
14.6.1 FreeBSD......Page 295
14.8 References......Page 296
15.1 Multicast Basics......Page 299
15.2.1 Node Joining a Multicast Group......Page 301
15.2.3 Router Verifying Group Membership......Page 302
15.2.5 Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2......Page 303
15.4 Multicast Address Allocation......Page 304
15.6 Allocation of Multicast Addresses......Page 305
15.7 Multicast Reserved Addresses......Page 306
15.8 Anycast......Page 307
15.11 References......Page 309
16.1 Combined IPv4 and IPv6 Network......Page 311
16.2.1 Encapsulation......Page 312
16.2.2 Host to Router Encapsulation......Page 313
16.2.3 Router to Router Encapsulation......Page 314
16.2.4 Static Tunneling......Page 315
16.2.5 6to4......Page 317
16.2.6 ISATAP......Page 324
16.2.7 IPv6 in IPv4 Tunneling Considerations......Page 328
16.2.8 Encapsulating IPv6 in UDP IPv4......Page 334
16.2.9 Tunnel Setup Protocol (TSP) Tunnel Broker......Page 335
16.2.10 Teredo......Page 351
16.3 Tunneling IPv6 in GRE-IPv4......Page 359
16.5.1 Examples......Page 360
16.5.2 FreeBSD......Page 363
16.5.3 Linux......Page 364
16.5.4 Solaris......Page 365
16.5.5 Windows......Page 367
16.5.6 Cisco......Page 369
16.5.7 Hexago......Page 370
16.5.8 Juniper......Page 376
16.7 References......Page 377
17.1.2 IPv4 in IPv6 Static Tunnels......Page 379
17.1.3 DSTM with DHCPv6......Page 381
17.1.4 TSP Tunnel Broker......Page 382
17.2 IP Packet and Transport Translation......Page 384
17.3.1 FreeBSD......Page 385
17.3.2 Solaris......Page 386
17.3.4 Hexago......Page 387
17.3.5 Juniper......Page 388
17.5 References......Page 389
18.1 Application Level Gateway......Page 391
18.4 Summary......Page 392
19.1 Checksum......Page 393
19.2.1 Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)......Page 394
19.3 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)......Page 396
19.6 References......Page 397
20.1 SNMP Transport......Page 399
20.2 Management Information Base (MIB)......Page 400
20.4 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting using RADIUS......Page 401
20.5.3 Juniper......Page 402
20.7 References......Page 403
21.2 Considerations......Page 405
21.2.5 URL and Text Representation of IP Addresses......Page 406
21.3.1 Struct addrinfo......Page 407
21.3.4 Definitions......Page 408
21.4.2 Getnameinfo......Page 409
21.5 Change Table......Page 410
21.7 Basic Example......Page 411
21.10 Further Reading......Page 414
22.1 Apache Web Server......Page 415
22.3 Postfix......Page 416
22.6 MRTG......Page 417
22.9 References......Page 418
23.2 IPv6 Address Policy......Page 419
23.3.1 Optimal Address Plans......Page 421
23.3.3 EUI-64 Considerations......Page 422
23.4 Incremental Deployment......Page 423
23.5.2 Publishing Special IPv6 Addresses......Page 424
23.7.1 End-to-End-Model......Page 425
23.7.2 Policies......Page 426
23.9.1 Connecting a Single Node......Page 427
23.9.4 Connecting a Small Network......Page 428
23.9.5 Enterprise and Military Networks......Page 438
23.9.8 IPv6-only Networks......Page 440
23.12 Further Reading......Page 441
24 Conclusion......Page 443
25 Quick Reference......Page 445
Index......Page 447
Back Cover......Page 453
