This issue of Neurologic Clinics reviews migraine and other primary headaches, one of the most common disorders seen by neurologists and primary care physicians and which affect 90% of the population and are the cause of 90% of all headaches. World-class experts provide cutting-edge chapters on the following topics: the epidemiology, burden and comorbidities of migraine; pathophysiology of migraine; transient neurologic dysfunction in migraine; vestibular migraine; diagnostic testing for migraine and other primary headaches; acute treatment of migraine; preventive migraine treatment; chronic migraine; pediatric migraine; women and migraine; the migraine association with cardiac anomalies, cardiovascular disease and stroke; tension-type headache; trigeminal autonomic cephalgias; and other primary headaches.
Author(s): Randolph W. Evans MD
Series: The Clinics: Internal Medicine
Edition: 1
Publisher: Saunders
Year: 2009
Language: English
Commentary: 164730
Pages: 244
Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 2
The epidemiology of migraine......Page 4
The Incidence of Migraine......Page 5
Prevalence of migraine in children......Page 6
The Burden of Migraine to the Individual......Page 8
Societal Impact of Migraine......Page 9
Psychiatric Disorders......Page 10
Comorbid pain......Page 11
Migraine and stroke......Page 12
Subclinical Brain Lesions......Page 13
References......Page 14
Migraine- explaining the clinical features......Page 18
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine......Page 19
Migraine aura......Page 20
Plasma Protein Extravasation......Page 21
Sensitization and migraine......Page 22
The Trigeminocervical Complex......Page 23
Glutamatergic transmission in the trigeminocervical complex......Page 24
Activation of modulatory regions......Page 25
The vascular hypothesis: a good story ruined by the facts......Page 26
Animal Experimental Studies of Sensory Modulation......Page 27
References......Page 29
General clinical features of migraine with aura......Page 44
Migraine visual aura......Page 46
Persistent migraine visual aura......Page 48
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy......Page 50
Migraine and stroke......Page 51
Retinal migraine......Page 52
Visual field loss in migraine......Page 53
Pathophysiology of migraine aura......Page 54
Altered Cortical Function in Migraine with Aura......Page 55
Genetic Factors......Page 56
References......Page 57
Vestibular Migraine......Page 62
Demographic Aspects......Page 63
Clinical Presentation in Adults and Distinction from other Diagnoses......Page 64
Clinical and Neurotologic Findings in Patients who have Vestibular Migraine......Page 65
Pathophysiology......Page 67
Treatment......Page 68
Migraine and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo......Page 69
Migraine, Orthostatic Hypotension, and Syncope......Page 70
References......Page 71
Reasons for diagnostic testing......Page 75
CT versus MRI......Page 76
Neuroimaging During Pregnancy and Lactation......Page 78
Blood Tests......Page 79
Neuroimaging Studies in Adults......Page 80
Neuroimaging in Children......Page 82
American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameter......Page 83
Risk/Benefit and Cost/Benefit of Neuroimaging......Page 84
White Matter Abnormalities and Subclinical Infarcts......Page 85
Arteriovenous Malformations, Brainstem Vascular Malformations, and Migraine......Page 87
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias......Page 88
New daily persistent headache......Page 89
References......Page 91
Outcome measures for acute treatment......Page 98
Strategies for selecting acute treatment......Page 99
Nonspecific acute migraine treatment......Page 100
Triptans......Page 101
Ergots......Page 105
References......Page 106
Preventive Migraine Treatment......Page 109
Principles of Preventive Therapy......Page 110
beta-Adrenergic Blockers......Page 112
Antidepressants......Page 113
Calcium Channel Antagonists......Page 114
Valproic Acid......Page 115
Topiramate......Page 116
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists......Page 117
Setting Treatment Priorities......Page 118
References......Page 120
Behavioral Medicine for Migraine......Page 124
Evidence on efficacy of behavioral interventions for migraine......Page 125
Biofeedback......Page 127
Relaxation training......Page 129
Cognitive behavioral therapy......Page 130
Patient education......Page 131
Migraine and psychologic comorbidities, health-related quality of life, and productivity......Page 132
Compliance and adherence......Page 133
Enhancing adherence and motivation......Page 134
Communication......Page 135
Summary......Page 137
References......Page 139
The Face of Chronic Migraine: Epidemiology, Demographics, and Treatment Strategies......Page 145
Chronic migraine defined......Page 146
Epidemiology of chronic migraine......Page 147
Amitriptyline......Page 149
Gabapentin......Page 150
Topiramate......Page 151
Botulinum Toxin Type A......Page 152
Greater occipital nerve blockade......Page 153
Occipital nerve stimulation......Page 154
References......Page 155
Epidemiology......Page 158
Migraine without aura......Page 159
Familial hemiplegic migraine......Page 161
Periodic syndromes of childhood that represent precursors of migraine......Page 163
Other unusual forms of migraine in childhood......Page 165
Management......Page 166
Prognosis......Page 173
Appendix......Page 174
References......Page 175
Menstrual migraine......Page 179
Treatment of Menstrual Migraine......Page 180
Oral contraceptive use......Page 182
Pregnancy and the postpartum period......Page 183
Summary......Page 184
References......Page 185
Patent Foramen Ovale......Page 188
Pulmonary Right-to-Left Shunt......Page 190
Atrial Septal Aneurysm......Page 191
Migraine and cardiovascular disease......Page 192
Migraine and stroke......Page 194
References......Page 195
Diagnosis......Page 199
Pathophysiology......Page 200
Treatment......Page 203
References......Page 206
Cluster headache......Page 210
Abortive therapy......Page 211
Oxygen......Page 212
Zolmitriptan......Page 213
Dihydroergotamine......Page 214
Preventive therapy......Page 215
Lithium carbonate......Page 216
Melatonin......Page 217
Surgical Techniques for Cluster Headache......Page 219
Radiofrequency thermocoagulation......Page 220
Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania......Page 221
Hemicrania Continua......Page 222
Indomethacin treatment......Page 223
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome......Page 224
Treatment......Page 225
References......Page 226
Primary stabbing headache......Page 230
Primary cough headache......Page 231
Primary exertional headache......Page 235
Hypnic headache......Page 237
Primary thunderclap headache......Page 239
New daily persistent headache......Page 240
References......Page 242
