Microeconomic Theory

Contents
Preface
Table of Contents
PART ONE: INDIVIDUAL DECISION MAKING
Chapter 1. Preference and Choice
1.A Introduction
l.B Preference Relations
l.C Choice Rules
1.D The Relationship between Preference Relations and Choice Rules
Exercises
Chapter 2. Consumer Choice
2.A Introduction
2.B Commodities
2.C The Consumption Set
2.D Competitive Budgets
2.E Demand Functions and Comparative Statics
2.F The Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference and the Law of Demand
Exercises
Chapter 3. Classical Demand Theory
3.A Introduction
3.B Preference Relations: Basic Properties
3.C Preference and Utility
3.D The Utility Maximization Problem
3.E The Expenditure Minimization Problem
3.F Duality: A Mathematical Introduction
3.G Relationships between Demand, Indirect LItility, and Expenditure Functions
3.H Integrability
3.I Welfare Evaluation of Economic Changes
3.J The Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference
Appendix A: Continuity and Differentiability Properties of Walrasian Demand
Exercises
Chapter 4. Aggregate Demand
4.A Introduction
4.B Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Wealth
4.C Aggregate Demand and the Weak Axiom
4.D Aggregate Demand and the Existence of a Representative Consumer
Appendix A: Regularizing Effects of Aggregation
Exercises
Chapter 5. Production
5.A Introduction
5.B Production Sets
5.C Profit Maximization and Cost Minimization
5.D The Geometry of Cost and Supply in the Single-Output Case
5.E Aggregation
5.F Efficient Production
5.G Remarks on the Objectives of the Firm
Appendix A: The Linear Activity Model
Exercises
Chapter 6. Choice Under Uncertainty
6.A Introduction
6.B Expected Utility Theory
6.C Money Lotteries and Risk Aversion
6.D Comparison of Payoff Distributions in Terms of Return and Risk
6.E State-dependent Utility
6.F Subjective Probability Theory
Exercises
PART TWO: GAME THEORY
Chapter 7. Basic Elements of Noncooperative Games
7.A Introduction
7.B What Is a Game?
7.C The Extensive Form Representation of a Game
7.D Strategies and the Normal Form Representation of a Game
7.E Randomized Choices
Exercises
Chapter 8. Simultaneous-Move Games
8.A Introduction
8.B Dominant and Dominaed Strategies
8.C Rationalizable Stratgies
8.D Nash Equilibrium
8.E Games of Incomplete Information: Bayesian Nash Equilibrium
8.F The Possibility of Mistakes: Trembling-Hand Perfection
Appendix A: Existence of Nash Equilibrium
Exercises
Chapter 9. Dynamic Games
9.A Introduction
9.B Sequential Rationality, Backward Induction, and Subgame Perfection
9.C Beliefs and Sequential Rationality
9.D Reasonable Beliefs and Forward Induction
Appendix A: Finite and Infinite Horizon Bilateral Bargaining
Appendix B: Extensive Form Trembling-Hand Perfect Nash Equilibrium
Exercises
PART THREE: MARKET EQUILIBRIUM AND MARKET FAILURE
Chapter 10. Competitive Markets
10.A Introduction
10.B Pareto Optimality and Competitive Equilibria
10.C Partial Equilibrium Competitive Analysis
10.D The Fundamental Welfare Theorems in a Partial Equilibrium Context
10.E Welfare Analysis in the Partial Equilibrium Model
10.F Free-Entry and Long-Run Competitive Equilibria
10.G Concluding Remarks on Partial Equilibrium Analysis
Exercises
Chapter 11. Externalities and Public Goods
ll.A Introduction
ll.B A Simple Bilateral Externality
ll.C Public Goods
ll.D Multilateral Externalities
ll.E Private Information and Second-Best Solutions
Appendix A: Nonconvexities and the Theory of Externalities
Exercises
Chapter 12. Market Power
12.A Introduction
12.B Monopoly Pricing
12.C Static Models of Oligopoly
12.D Repeated Interaction
12.E Entry
12.F The Competitive Limit
12.G Strategic Precommitments to Affect Future Competition
Appendix A: Infinitely Repeated Games and the Folk Theorem
Appendix B: Strategic Entry Deterrence and Accommodation
Exercises
Chapter 13. Adverse Selection, Signaling, and Screening
13.A Introduction
13.B Informational Asymmetries and Adverse Selection
13.C Signaling
13.D Screening
Appendix A: Reasonable-Beliefs Refinements in Signaling Games
Exercises
Chapter 14. The Principal-Agent Problem
14.A Introduction
14.B Hidden Actions (Moral Hazard)
14.C Hidden Information (and Monopolistic Screening)
14.D Hidden Actions and Hidden Information: Hybrid Models
Appendix A: Multiple Effort Levels in the Hidden Action Model
Appendix B: A Formal Solution of the Principal-Agent Problem with Hidden Information
Exercises
PART FOUR: GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
Chapter 15. General Equilibrium Theory: Some Examples
15.A Introduction
15.B Pure Exchange: The Edgeworth Box
15.C The One-Consumer, One-Producer Economy
15.D The 2x2 Production Model
15.E General Versus Partial Equilibrium Theory
Exercises
Chapter 16. Equilibrium and Its Basic Welfare Properties
16.A Introduction
16.B The Basic Model and Definitions
16.C The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics
16.D The Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics
16.E Pareto Optimality and Social Welfare Optima
16.F First-Order Conditions for Pareto Optimality
16.G Some Applications
Appendix A: Technical Properties of the Set of Feasible Allocations
Exercises
Chapter 17. The Positive Theory of Equilibrium
17.A Introduction
17.B Equilibrium: Definitions and Basic Equations
17.C Existence of Walrasian Equilibrium
17.D Local Uniqueness and the Index Theorem
17.E Anything Goes: The Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu Theorem
17.F Uniqueness of Equilibria
17.G Comparative Statics Analysis
17.H Tatonnement Stability
17.1 Large Economies and Nonconvexities
Appendix A: Characterizing Equilibrium through Welfare Equations
Appendix B: A General Approach to the Existence of Walrasian Equilibrium
Exercises
Chapter 18. Some Foundations for Competitive Equilibria
18.A Introduction
18.B Core and Equilibria
18.C Noncooperative Foundations of Walrasian Equilibria
18.D The Limits \o Redistribution
18.E Equilibrium and the Marginal Productivity Principle
Appendix A: Cooperative Game Theory
Exercises
Chapter 19. General Equilibrium Under Uncertainty
19.A Introduction
19.B A Market Economy with Contingent Commodities: Description
19.C Arrow-Debreu Equilibrium
19.D Sequential Trade
19.E Asset Markets
19.F Incomplete Markets
19.G Firm Behavior in General Equilibrium Models Under Uncertainty
19.H Imperfect Information
Exercises
Chapter 20. Equilibrium and Time
20.A Introduction
20.B Intertemporal Utility
20.C Intertemporal Production and Efficiency
20.D Equilibrium: The One-Consumer Case
20.E Stationary Paths, Interest Rates, and Golden Rules
20.F Dynamics
20.G Equilibrium: Several Consumers
20.H Overlapping Generations
20.I Remarks on Nonequilibrium Dynamics: Tatonnement and Learning
Exercises
PART FIVE: WELFARE ECONOMICS AND INCENTIVES
Chapter 21. Social Choice Theory
21.A Introduction
21.B A Special Case: Social Preferences over Two Alternatives
21.C The General Case: Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem
21.D Some Possibility Results: Restricted Domains
21.E Social Choice Functions
Exercises
Chapter 22. Elements of Welfare Economics and Axiomatic Bargaining
22.A Introduction
22.B Utility Possibility Sets
22.C Social Welfare Functions and Social Optima
22.D Invariance Properties of Social Welfare Functions
22.E The Axiomatic Bargaining Approach
22.F Coalitional Bargaining: The Shapley Value
Exercises
Chapter 23. Incentives and Mechanism Design
23.A Introduction
23.B The Mechanism Design Problem
23.C Dominant Strategy Implementation
23.D Bayesian Implementation
23.E Participation Constraints
23.F Optimal Bayesian Mechanisms
Appendix A: Implementation and Multiple Equilibria
Appendix B: Implementation in Environments with Complete Information
Exercises
MATHEMATICAL APPENDIX
M.A Matrix Notation for Derivatives
M.B Homogeneous Functions and Euler’s Formula
M.C Concave and Quasiconcave Functions
M.D Matrices: Negative (Semi)Definiteness and Other Properties
M.E The Implicit Function Theorem
M.F Continuous Functions and Compact Sets
M.G Convex Sets and Separating Hyperplanes
M.H Correspondences
M.I Fixed Point Theorems
M.J Unconstrained Maximization
M.K Constrained Maximization
M.L The Envelope Theorem
M.M Linear Programming
M.N Dynamic Programming
Index