Today, the agriculture industry is confronted with simultaneous issues of how to fully embrace mass production of safer food in terms of both quality and quantity. Most industries are concerned with avoiding significant levels of soil pollution and environmental threats as a result of the excessive and harmful use of synthetic products on crops. Therefore, there is a need to adopt sustainable technological innovations that can ensure the sustainability of agricultural production systems.
Microbial Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Bioremediation discusses the benefits, challenges, and practical applications of eco-friendly biotechnological techniques using biostimulants derived from beneficial microorganisms. The chapters cover the use of these organisms to increase crop production, enhance soil fertility and maintain soil health, create crop and plant tolerance to different abiotic stressors, release required nutrients to the soil, increase resistance to plant pathogens/pests, improve nutrient use efficiency of crops, and rejuvenate polluted environments.
FEATURES
Explores the physiological, morpho-anatomical, and biochemical molecular plant rejoinders involved in stimulating crop productivity
Provides information on the physiological, cellular, and molecular modes of action underlying microbial biostimulant interfaces
Summarizes methods and approaches for executing microbial stimulant technology
Outlines numerous environmental management and remediation strategies
This book is an ideal resource for researchers, engineers, and academics working in soil science, crop science, water remediation, microbiology, and biotechnology.
Author(s): Inamuddin, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Tariq Altalhi
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 228
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Microbial Biostimulants for Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Mushrooms
1.1 Introduction
1.2 PGPR Interactions with Mycorrhizal Fungi
1.3 PGPR Interactions with Cultivable Mushrooms
1.4 Fungal-Azospirillum Interactions
1.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Microbial Biostimulants for the Management of Insect Pests and Diseases
2.1 Introduction
2.2 History, Concept and Definitions of Biostimulants
2.3 Classification of Biostimulants
2.3.1 Humic and Fulvic Acids
2.3.2 Protein Hydrolysates Together with a Few Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
2.3.3 Plant Disease Management through Induced Systemic Resistance - Use of Microbial Biostimulants
2.3.3.1 Fungi Strains as Biostimulants in the Management of Plant Diseases
2.3.3.2 Use of Bacterial Biostimulants for the Management of Plant Diseases
2.3.4 Microbial Biostimulants for the Management of Insect Pests
2.3.4.1 Entomopathogenic Fungi
2.3.4.2 Entomopathogenic Bacteria
2.3.4.3 Entomopathogenic Viruses
2.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Managing Insect Pests Using Microbial Biostimulants as Insecticides
3.1 Background
3.1.1 Plant-Endophyte Interactions
3.1.2 Biostimulants and Microbial Biostimulants
3.1.3 Plant-Protecting Mechanism of Microbial Biostimulants
3.2 Microbial Biostimulants Protecting Plants against Insect Pests
3.3 Scope of Transgenic Microbial Biostimulants for Insect Pest Management
3.4 Limitations and Future Viewpoints for Microbial Biostimulants Application
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Microbial Biostimulants as Fungicides against Root-Borne Pathogens
4.1 Microbial Biostimulants
4.2 Human and Environmental Safety Index
4.3 Categories of Microbial Biostimulants
4.4 Beneficial Fungi
4.5 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)
4.6 Mechanism of Disease Suppression by AMF
4.7 Increased Uptake of Nutrition
4.8 Interaction of Soil Microbial Population
4.9 Compensation of Root Damage
4.10 Competition with the Pathogen for Space
4.11 Competition with the Pathogen for Host Photosynthates
4.12 AMF as a Bioprotectant
4.13 Beneficial Bacteria
4.14 Rhizobia
4.15 Rhizobia as a Biocontrol Agent
4.16 Biocontrol Mechanisms Involved by Rhizobia
4.17 Production of Antibiotics
4.18 Production of HCN
4.19 Production of Siderophores
4.20 Production of Phytoalexins
4.21 Biocontrol Agents
4.22 Trichoderma
4.23 Mechanism of Biocontrol by Trichoderma
4.24 Competition
4.25 Antibiosis
4.26 Mycoparasitism
References
Chapter 5 Agronomical, Physiological, and Biochemical Effects as well as the Changes in Mineral Composition of Crops Treated with Microbial-Based Biostimulants
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Microbial Stimulants
5.3 PGPR-Mediated Improvement in Plant Growth: Mechanism of Action
5.4 Nutrient Acquisition
5.5 Nitrogen Fixation
5.6 Phosphorus Solubilization
5.7 Organic Acids Production
5.8 Inorganic Acids Production
5.9 Bettered ACC Deaminase Activity and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Generation
5.10 Bettered Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) Bioavailability
5.11 Siderophores Production
5.12 Development of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants by Microbial Stimulants
5.13 PGPR-Mediated Drought Tolerance
5.14 PGPR Role in Salinity Tolerance
5.15 Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants due to Microbial Biostimulants
References
Chapter 6 Microbial Biostimulants in Protecting against Nematodes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Bacterial Biostimulants in Protecting Plants against Nematodes
6.2.1 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
6.2.2 Genus Pasteuria
6.3 Fungal Biostimulants in Protecting Plants against Nematodes
6.3.1 Mycorrhizal Fungi
6.3.2 Endophytic Fungi
6.3.3 Genus Trichoderma
6.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Nitrogen-Fixing Biofertilizers and Biostimulants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Biofertilizers and Biostimulants
7.3 Role of Biofertilizers and Biostimulants in Sustainable Agriculture
7.3.1 Biofertilizers
7.3.2 Biostimulants
7.4 Nitrogen-Fixing Biofertilizers
7.4.1 Bacterial Biofertilizers
7.4.1.1 Azotobacter
7.4.1.2 Azospirillum
7.4.1.3 Rhizobium
7.4.2 Algal Biofertilizers
7.4.2.1 Blue Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)
7.4.3 Fungal Biofertilizers
7.4.3.1 Mycorrhizae
7.4.3.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
7.4.3.3 Fungal Organisms as Phosphate and Potassium Solubilizers
7.5 Nitrogen-Fixing Biostimulants
7.5.1 Humic Substances
7.5.2 Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acids
7.5.3 Seaweed Extract
7.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 8 Microbial Biostimulants and their Role in Environmental Bioremediation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Environmental Pollution: An Overview
8.3 Biostimulants
8.4 Microbe-Based Bioremediation: An Overview
8.4.1 Heavy Metals
8.4.2 Organic Pollutants
8.5 Role of Microbial Biostimulants in Bioremediation
8.5.1 Biostimulant Bacteria
8.5.2 Biostimulant Fungi
8.5.3 Consortium of Microbes
8.6 Mechanism of Action
8.7 Commercialization of Microbial Biostimulants: Potential and Challenges
8.7.1 Formulation and Shelf Life
8.7.2 Survival and Establishment of Microbial Products
8.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Microbial Biostimulants in Bioremediation Process for Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Municipal Solid Waste
9.3 Bioremediation and Microbial Biostimulants
9.3.1 Bioremediation Process: Principle, Types, and Benefits
9.3.2 Microbial Biostimulant
9.4 Microbial Biostimulants in the Bioreactor Landfill
9.5 Microbial Biostimulants for Bioremediation of Landfill Leachate
9.6 Microbial Biostimulants for Composting
9.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10 Microbial Biostimulants for Bioremediation of Organic and Inorganic Compound
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Environmental Pollution
10.2.1 Inorganic Compounds
10.2.2 Organic Compounds
10.3 Environmental Remediation
10.3.1 Conventional Methods
10.3.2 Bioremediation
10.4 Microbes-Dependent Cleaning System
10.4.1 Bioremediation
10.4.1.1 By Adsorption
10.4.1.2 By Biodegradation
10.4.1.3 By Biotransformation
10.4.1.4 By Biosorption
10.4.1.5 By Bioaugmentation
10.4.1.6 By Phytoremediation
10.5 Microbial Bioremediation
10.5.1 External Factors
10.5.1.1 pH
10.5.1.2 Temperature
10.5.1.3 Bioavailability
10.5.2 Microbial Degradation of Organic and Inorganic Compounds
10.5.2.1 Water
10.5.2.2 Soil
10.5.2.3 Food Industry
10.5.2.4 Oil Industry
10.5.2.5 Others
10.6 Promising Techniques in Bioremediation Based on Microorganisms
10.6.1 Genetic Engineering
10.6.2 Biosensors
10.6.3 Advanced Oxidation Processes Combined with Microorganisms
10.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Microbial Biostimulants for the Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Environments
11.1 Introduction
11.2 How Biostimulation Can Address Obstacles to Anaerobic Degradation
11.3 Examples of Biostimulating Agents and Their Effects on Anaerobic Degradation
11.4 How Biostimulation Can Address Obstacles to Aerobic Degradation
11.5 Examples of Biostimulating Agents and Their Effects on Aerobic Degradation
11.6 Summary
References
Chapter 12 Commercial Bacterial and Fungal Microbial Biostimulants Used for Agriculture in India: An Overview
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Regulations for Biostimulants in India
12.3 Biofertilizers
12.3.1 Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
12.3.1.1 Rhizobium
12.3.1.2 Azotobacter
12.3.1.3 Azospirillum
12.3.1.4 Acetobacter
12.3.2 Mineral-Solubilizing Bacteria
12.3.2.1 Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
12.3.2.2 Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria
12.3.2.3 Zinc-Solubilizing Bacteria
12.3.2.4 Silicate-Solubilizing Bacteria
12.3.2.5 Siderophore-Producing Bacteria
12.3.2.6 Lignocellulolytic Bacteria
12.4 Biocontrol Agents
12.4.1 Pseudomonas Fluorescens
12.4.2 Bacillus sp
12.4.3 Trichoderma sp
12.5 Popularization of Microbial Stimulants
12.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 13 Microbial Biostimulants for Crop Production: Industry Advances, Bottlenecks, and Future Prospects
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Concepts, Definitions, and Terminologies
13.3 Overview of Microbial Biostimulants
13.4 Formulation and Commercialization of Microbial Biostimulants
13.5 Bottlenecks in the Industry
13.5.1 Product Quality
13.5.2 Production Cost
13.5.3 Regulatory Issues
13.5.4 Shelf life
13.5.5 Biosafety of Products
13.5.6 Farmer Perceptions and Acceptability
13.5.7 Variability of Performance
13.6 Future Perspectives
13.7 Concluding Remarks
Funding
References
Chapter 14 Microbial Biostimulants for Plant Protection against Phyllosphere Pathogens
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Role of the Host Species
14.2.1 Specificity
14.2.2 Cultivar Differences
14.3 Role of Biocontrol Bacteria
14.3.1 Taxonomic Analyses of Phyllosphere Microbes
14.4 Bacterial Biodiversity
14.4.1 Native Phyllosphere Bacteria
14.4.2 Introduced Biocontrol Bacteria
14.5 Bacterial Richness
14.5.1 Quorum Sensing in the Phyllosphere
14.5.2 Dynamics of Leaf Microbial Communities
14.6 Optimization of Pathogen Biocontrol Efficacy
14.6.1 Mode of Action
14.6.1.1 Colonization
14.6.1.2 Secondary Metabolites
14.6.1.3 Biocontrol Genes
14.6.2 Monitoring of Biocontrol Microbes
14.6.3 Other Biocontrol Species
References
Index
