This first volume of a two-volume work presents the manifold applications of beneficial microbes and microbiomes in plant growth promotion, in enhancing crop resilience and in control of phytopathogens through microbial antagonists. In-depth insights into latest technologies such as biopriming of seeds and soil inoculation of rhizosphere microorganisms are provided.
The two-volume work “Microbial Biocontrol” introduces mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions and explores latest strategies of how microbes can be applied in biocontrol and management of plant pathogens, replacing chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The book covers different groups of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, but also the interplay of entire microbiomes, and reviews their specific benefits in crop growth promotion, in enhancing the plants’ tolerance against biotic and abiotic stress as well as in post-harvest management of various plant diseases. Novel tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and microbe derived nanoparticles are also addressed besides the legal aspects of biocontrol applications.
Today, rising global population and changing climatic conditions emerge as a major challenge for agronomist farmers and researchers in fulfilling the requirements of global food production. The conventional agricultural practices utilize undistributed use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enhance growth and yield of agricultural products and fresh foods, but their extensive and continuous use have led to a range of negative consequences on the food quality and safety, to environment as well as to human and animal health. Microbial biocontrol applications are presented as a solution, paving the way to a sustainable agriculture in compliance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
The book addresses researchers in academia and agriculture.
Author(s): Ajay Kumar
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 372
City: Cham
Contents
1: Beneficial Fungal Strain: Molecular Approaches in Plant Disease Management
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Cross Communication Between Kingdoms: Beginning of Symbiosis (Induced Systemic Resistance)
1.3 Molecular Aspect to Biocontrol Mechanisms
1.3.1 Molecular Mechanism of Competition-Mediated Biocontrol
1.3.2 Molecular Mechanism of Mycoparasitism (Hyperparasitism)-Mediated Biocontrol
1.3.3 Molecular Mechanism of Antibiosis-Mediated Biocontrol
1.3.4 Molecular Mechanism of Siderophore-Mediated Biocontrol
1.3.5 Molecular Mechanism of Hypovirulence-Mediated Biocontrol
1.4 Some Model Fungal Strain and Biocontrol Mechanism
1.4.1 A Model Species of Trichoderma ssp. and Molecular Mechanism of Pathogen Management
1.4.2 AMF and Molecular Mechanism of Pathogen Management
1.5 Concluding Remarks
References
2: Host-Induced Gene Silencing: Approaches in Plant Disease Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 RNAi Mechanism
2.3 Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) Method
2.4 Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS)
2.5 Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9
2.6 Viral Based Vectors for Host and Pathogen Interactions
2.7 Small RNAs in Plant Immunity
2.8 Secondary siRNAs in the HIGS System
2.9 HIGS Strategy AGAINST Plant Pathogenic Viruses
2.10 HIGS Strategy Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
2.11 HIGS Strategy Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
2.12 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
3: Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria: Aspects in Metal Bioremediation and Phytopathogen Management
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Impact of Heavy Metals in the Environment and Their Biological Removal
3.3 Plant Disease Control by Growth Promoting Bacteria
3.4 Techniques for Screening of Plant Growth Promoter Bacteria for HM Remediation and Phytopathogen Control
3.5 Concluding Remarks
References
4: Life Inside Plants: Insights into the Lifestyle, Diversity, and Metabolites of Endophytic Bacteria Involved in Plant Defens...
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Endophytic Lifestyle
4.3 Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria Involved in Plant Defense Against Phytopathogens
4.4 Endophytic Metabolites Involved in Plant Defense Against Phytopathogens
4.4.1 Antibiotics
4.4.2 Lytic Enzymes
4.4.3 Siderophores
4.4.4 Volatile Organic Compounds
4.5 Emerging Gaps and Perspectives
4.6 Concluding Remarks
References
5: Plant Disease Management Through Microbiome Modulation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Rhizosphere and the Microbiome
5.3 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
5.4 Biocontrol-PGPR and Plant Disease Management
5.5 Microbiome-Mediated Disease Management Mechanisms
5.5.1 Induced Systemic Resistance
5.5.2 Competition
5.5.3 Lytic Enzymes
5.5.4 Antibiosis
5.5.4.1 Phenazines
5.5.4.2 2,4-Diacetyle Phloroglucinol (DAPG)
5.5.4.3 Pyrrolnitrin (Prn)
5.5.4.4 Pyoluteorin (Plt)
5.5.4.5 Biosurfactants
Rhamnolipids
Cyclic Lipopeptides (CLPs) of Pseudomonas
Surfactins
Iturins
Fengycin
5.6 Recent Trends in Microbiome Modulation
5.6.1 Higher Cell Density Inoculation
5.6.2 Engineering of Plant Microbiome
5.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
6: Rhizosphere Bacteria and Rhizobacterial Formulations: Small Weapons in the Big Battle of Plant Disease Management
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mechanisms of Rhizobacterial Plant Disease Management
6.2.1 Rhizobacterial Metabolites
6.2.1.1 Siderophores
6.2.1.2 Volatile Organic Compounds
6.2.1.3 Lytic Enzymes
6.2.1.4 Antibiotics
6.2.2 Induced Systemic Resistance
6.3 Advances in Commercialization of Rhizobacterial Formulations for Plant Disease Management
6.4 Challenges and Opportunities
6.5 Concluding Remarks
References
7: Biocontrol Potential of Microbial Consortia: Approaches in Food Security and Disease Management
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Structure and Classification of Microbial Consortia
7.3 The Contributions of Microbial Consortia to Phytopathogen Control
7.4 Action Mechanism of Microbial Consortia in Phytopathogen´s Management
7.4.1 Antibiotics Production
7.4.2 Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes
7.4.3 Volatile Compounds
7.4.4 Siderophores
7.5 Application of Microbial Consortia in Phytopathogen Management
7.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
8: Bioprospecting New-Generation Biocontrol Strategies: A Viable Solution for Attaining Agricultural Security and Food Safety
8.1 Introduction: A Need Towards a Sustainable Approach for a Sustainable Agri-Food Compatibility
8.2 The Era of Biocontrol Management
8.3 The Associated Interactions and Mechanisms of Biocontrol Agents
8.4 The Way for Microsatellite Markers: Detecting Specific Biocontrol Agents
8.5 Future Direction and Conclusion
References
9: Microbe-Induced Plant Volatiles and Their Role in Plant Disease Management
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Microbe-Induced Plant Volatiles
9.2.1 Rhizosphere-Associated Microbes
9.2.2 Phyllosphere-Associated Microbes
9.3 Biosynthesis of Microbe-Induced Plant Volatiles
9.4 Application of MIPVs
9.5 Future Perspective
References
10: Microbial Protein Elicitors in Plant Defense
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Microbial Proteins and Peptides in Plant Defense
10.3 Glycoproteins
10.4 Harpin Proteins
10.5 Proteins/Peptides
10.6 Viral Proteins
10.7 Microbial Protein/Peptide Sensing by Plants
10.8 Molecular Mechanism of Defense Gene Activation in Plants
10.9 Conclusion
References
11: Mechanism of Antagonism: Hyperparasitism and Antibiosis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mycoparasitism/Hyperparasitism
11.2.1 Mycoparasites of Soilborne Plant Pathogens
11.2.2 Necrotrophic Hyperparasitism
11.2.3 Hyperparasites of Foliar Pathogens
11.2.4 Bacteria and Ascomycetes as Hyperparasites
11.3 Antibiosis
11.3.1 Antibiotics Produced by Trichoderma and Gliocladium spp.
11.3.2 Antibiotics Produced by Bacteria
11.4 Improved Biocontrol Activity by Genetic Engineering in Microorganisms
11.5 Improvement of Biocontrol Ability of Trichoderma
11.6 Concluding Remarks
References
12: Reviving Back the Ecological Sustainability Through Microbial Bioprospection
12.1 Introduction: Exploring the Biodiversity of Endophytes
12.1.1 Categorizing Various Endophytic Sources: Fungal, Bacterial, and Algal
12.1.1.1 Endophytic Fungi
12.1.1.2 Endophytic Bacteria
12.1.1.3 Endophytic Algae
12.2 Endophytic-Host Plant Interaction
12.3 Bioprospecting Endophytes for Their Potential Application in Environmental Sustainability and Safety
12.3.1 Nutrient Cycling
12.3.2 Role of Endophytes in Promotion of Plant Growth and Health
12.3.2.1 Biodegradation/Bioremediation
12.3.2.2 Phytostimulation
12.3.2.3 Phytovolatilization
12.3.2.4 Biofertilization
12.3.2.5 Extracellular Enzymes Secreted by Potential Endophytes
12.4 Conclusion
References
13: Biogenic Nanoparticles as Novel Biocontrol Agents
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Biogenic Nanoparticles for Biocontrol
13.2.1 Bacteriogenic Nanoparticles
13.2.2 Mycogenic Nanoparticles
13.2.3 Phytogenic Nanoparticles
13.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
14: Molecular Genetics of Biotic Stress Management for Crop Improvement
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Approaches for Sustainable Crop Improvement Using Wild Relatives
14.3 Modern Breeding Methods and Genetic Engineering Approach for Crop Improvements
14.4 Crop Improvements Using RNAi-Mediated Gene Silencing
14.5 Insects and Its Resistance to Crop Improvement
14.6 Viral Diseases and Its Managements for Crop Improvement
14.6.1 Role of Coat Protein in Viral Pathogenesis
14.7 Bacterial Diseases and Its Managements
14.8 Fungal Diseases and Crop Improvements
14.9 Nematode Diseases and Its Managements for Crop Improvements
14.10 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
15: Biopriming of Seeds for Plant Disease Tolerance and Phytopathogen Management
15.1 Introduction
15.2 What Is Seed Priming
15.3 Significance of Seed Priming
15.4 Types of Seed Priming
15.5 Seed Biopriming
15.6 Biopriming Procedure
15.7 Benefits of Seed Biopriming
15.8 Seed Biopriming with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
15.9 Seed Biopriming with Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF)
15.10 Mechanisms Involved in Seed Biopriming and Subsequent Disease Tolerance in Plants
15.11 Application of Biopriming for Disease Resistance (Some Practical Examples)
15.12 Constraints of Biopriming
15.13 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
