Methods of the Policy Process

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The increasingly global study of policy processes faces challenges with scholars applying theories in radically different national and cultural contexts. Questions frequently arise about how to conduct policy process research comparatively and among this global community of scholars. Methods of the Policy Process is the first book to remedy this situation, not by establishing an orthodoxy or imposing upon the policy process community a rigid way of conducting research but, instead, by allowing the leading researchers in the different theoretical traditions a space to share the means by which they put their research into action.

This edited volume serves as a companion volume and supplemental guide to the well-established Theories of the Policy Process, 4th Edition. Methods of the Policy Process acknowledges that growth and advancement in the study of the policy process is dependent not merely on conceptual and theoretical development, but also on developing and systematizing better methodological approaches to measurement and analysis. To maximize student engagement with the material, each chapter follows a similar framework: introduction of a given theory of the policy process, application of that theory (including best practices for research design, conceptualization, major data sources, data collection, and methodological approaches), critical assessment, future directions, and often online resources (including datasets, survey instruments, and interview and coding protocols). While the structure and focus of each chapter varies slightly according to the theoretical tradition being discussed, each chapter's central aim is to prepare readers to confidently undertake common methodological strategies themselves.

Methods of the Policy Process is especially beneficial to people new to the field, including students enrolled in policy process courses, as well as those without access to formal training. For scholars experienced in applying theories, this edited volume is a helpful reference to clarify best practices in research methods.

Author(s): Christopher M. Weible, Samuel Workman
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 299
City: New York

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Figures
Tables
Contributors
1 The Design of Policy Process Research
Introduction
Why This Book and Why Now?
The Approaches and Data Science
How Does This Book Relate to the Theories Book?
Methods in the Context of Theory
Research Programs and Culture
Roadmap for Reasoning
Research Questions and Scope
Research Design as Comparison
Measurement
Choosing Indicators and Measures
Validity and Reliability
Tools of Analysis
Descriptive Versus Causal Inference
Dependence and Endogeneity
Visualizing Data
Up Ahead
Notes
References
2 How to Conduct a Multiple Streams Study
Introduction
From Theory to Application: Steps to a Solid MSF Analysis
Develop Your Research Question(s)
Specify MSF Hypotheses
Operationalization Issues
The Problem Stream
The Policy Stream
The Political Stream
Policy Window
Policy Entrepreneurs and Coupling
Choose the Method That Best Matches Your Research Interest
Qualitative MSF Research
Quantitative MSF Research
The Way Forward to Empirically Sound MSF Studies
References
Annex A: MSF Case Study Protocol Template
Annex B: Sample Interview Questions for Designs Over Time and Single Issue/Sector – Past
3 The Code and Craft of Punctuated Equilibrium
Introduction
Chapter Roadmap
Four Persistent Themes
Text-as-Data
Comparability Across Time and Space
Collaboration With Machines
Attention to Distributions of Change
The Measurement System
Conceptual Logic
How to Compile a Data Set
Descriptive Inference
Describing Empirical Distributions
Recipe for Comparison
Examples of the Distributional Approach
Agenda Composition and Diversity
Theory Development and Testing
Feedback, Positive and Negative
Institutional Friction
Issue Complexity
The Politics of Search
Future Directions
Methodological Approaches
Data and Classification
References
4 Methods for Applying Policy Feedback Theory
Introduction
Conceptualizing and Designing Policy Feedback Research
Unit of Analysis
Resource and Interpretive Effects
Contextual Effects
Insights On Conceptualizing Policy Feedback
Challenges Conducting Policy Feedback Research
Capturing Causal Effects
Data Limitations
Scope and Perspective
Strategies for Empirical Analysis
Historical Analysis
Interviews and Ethnography
Quantitative Analysis
Experiments and Quasi-Experiments
Multiple Methods
Future Directions for Policy Feedback Methods
Notes
References
5 Advocacy Coalition Framework: Advice On Applications and Methods
Introduction
Conceptual Overview
Cross-cutting Concepts
Policy Subsystem
Topical Scope
Geographic Scope
Policy Actors
Belief Systems
A Hierarchical Model of Beliefs
Three Meta-Theoretical Key Concepts
Advocacy Coalitions
Shared Beliefs
Coordination
Coalition Resources and Strategies
Research Foci and Challenges in the Study of Coalitions
Policy Change
Type of Public Policy and Policy Venue
Minor–Major Policy Change
Research Foci and Challenges in the Study of Policy Change
Learning
Processes of Learning
Outcomes of Learning
Research Foci and the Challenges of Learning Research in ACF
Conclusion
Notes
References
6 Conducting Narrative Policy Framework Research: From Theory to Methods
Introduction
Deciding If the NPF Is the Right Framework for Your Research
Crafting NPF Research Question(s)
Determining Level of Analysis: Micro, Meso, Or Macro
Articulating NPF Hypotheses and Expectations
Specifying Your Model: Operationalizing NPF Concepts
The Policy Narrative
Policy Narrative Form
Setting
Characters
Plot
Moral of the Story
Policy Narrative Content
Beliefs and Strategies
Narrativity: Form + Content
Research Designs
Experimental Designs
Nonexperimental Designs
Research Methods
Survey Methods
Content Analysis
The Codebook
Census vs. Sample
Unit of Coding Analysis
Human vs. Automated Coding
Use Independent Human Coders
Reliability Testing
Coding Visual Narratives
Interviews and Focus Groups
Policy Narrative Data
Micro-Level Narrative Data
Meso-Level Narrative Data
Macro-Level Narrative Data
Analyzing Narrative Data
What Analytic Technique to Use?
Descriptive Statistics
Relational Statistics, Differences of Means, and Predictive Tools
Network Analysis
Big Data Analytics?
Future NPF Research
Notes
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
7 Innovation and Diffusion: Connecting Theory and Method
Introduction
Common Quantitative Approaches
Assessing the Impact of Diffusion Mechanisms
Assessing the Impact of Diffusion Vectors
Overlooked Forms of Interdependence
Moving Forward
Notes
References
8 Methods for Analyzing Social Dilemmas and Institutional Arrangements Within the Institutional Analysis and Development ...
Introduction
Methods
Case Studies
Lab and Field Experiments
ABM
Network Analysis
Methods Summary
Moving Institutional Analysis Forward
Conclusion
References
9 Methodological Approaches to the Ecology of Games Framework
Introduction
Key Concepts in the EGF
Key Considerations in Research Design
Selecting the System
Identifying System Components and Boundaries
Longitudinal Analysis
Data Collection and Measurement
Collecting Data for Qualitative Analysis
Participant Observation
Key Informant Interviews
Document and Archival Analysis
Collecting Data for Quantitative Analysis
Surveys
Natural Language Processing: Text as Data
Data Analysis Methods
Qualitative Methods
Case Study Analysis
Coding and Analysis of Interviews
Quantitative Methods
Generalized Linear Models
Addressing Interdependence Through Clustered Standard Errors
Addressing Interdependence Through Multilevel Modeling
Network Analysis
Governance Networks
Multilevel Networks
Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs)
Agent-Based and Computational Models
Conclusions: Future Directions in Ecology of Games Research
References
10 The Evaluation and Advancement of Policy Process Research
Introduction
Summarizing Methods Across the Theories
Scientific Principles for Contributing Knowledge to Policy Process Research
How Can We Better Our Science?
Bring Ourselves Into Our Research and Our Art Into Our Science
Notes
References
Index