Author(s): Harold Lecar
Series: Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences 20
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 1982
Language: English
Pages: 597
Tags: Физика;Периодика по физике;Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences;
Biophysics......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 18
Publisher's Foreword......Page 20
Foreword......Page 22
Preface......Page 24
List of Volumes in Treatise......Page 28
1.1. Introduction......Page 30
1.2. Phenomenon of Magnetic Resonance......Page 31
1.3. Spin Relaxation......Page 41
1.4. Experimental Methods......Page 54
1.5. Selected Studies on Biological Systems......Page 70
2.1. Introduction......Page 82
2.2. Spin-Lable Theory: A Descriptive Treatment......Page 83
2.3. Spin-Label Theory: A Mathematical Treatment......Page 94
2.4. Use of Spin Labels as Antigenic Determinants Capable of Reporting Their Physical State.......Page 139
3.1. Introduction......Page 152
3.2. Origin of the Raman Spectrum......Page 153
3.3. Analysis of the Raman Spectrum......Page 154
3.4. Resonance Raman Scattering......Page 157
3.5. Instrumentation......Page 160
3.6. Strategy of Raman Spectroscopic Applications in Biology......Page 163
3.7. Conformational Studies......Page 166
3.8. Kinetic Studies......Page 185
3.9. Nonlinear Phenomena......Page 188
3.11. Conclusions and Prognostications......Page 190
4.1. Introduction......Page 192
4.2. Nanosecond and Picosecond Spectroscopy......Page 195
4.3. Applications to Photosynthesis and Vision......Page 210
Appendix . Nonlinear Optical Phenomena, Optical Elements, and Detectors Related to Techniques of Picosecond Spectroscopy......Page 219
5.1. Introduction......Page 226
5.2. Molecular Rotation in Membranes......Page 228
5.3. Macroscopic Membrane Motions......Page 237
5.4. Applications......Page 245
5.5. Recent Developments......Page 253
6.1. Introduction......Page 258
6.2. Diffraction by a General Object......Page 259
6.3. Crystallography......Page 266
6.4. Protein Crystallography......Page 273
6.5. Fibers......Page 304
7.1. Introduction......Page 328
7.2. Theory......Page 329
7.3. Instrumentation and General Techniques......Page 339
7.4. Diffusion Coefficients......Page 345
7.5. Large Particles......Page 348
7.6. Determination of Electrophoretic Mobilities......Page 353
7.7. Motility Measurements......Page 355
7.8. Applications in Cell Biology......Page 359
7.9. Blood Flow......Page 360
7.10. Gels and Solutions of Fibrillous Proteins......Page 362
8.1. Introduction......Page 366
8.2. The Experimental Problem......Page 370
8.3. Data Analysis......Page 391
8.4. Concluding Remarks......Page 417
9.1. Electron Microscopy as a Tool for Structure Determination......Page 420
9.2. Image Formation in the Electron Microscope......Page 424
9.3. Contrast Transfer Function Theory......Page 430
9.4. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction......Page 438
9.5. Radiation Damage......Page 447
9.6. Specimen Hydration within the Vacuum of the Instrument......Page 459
9.7. Recent Innovations in Experimental Methods......Page 462
10.1. Introduction......Page 474
10.2. General Principles of Voltage Clamp......Page 476
10.3. Axial-Wire Voltage Clamp......Page 480
10.4. Voltage Clamp with Microelectrodes......Page 502
10.5. Voltage Clamp of an Isolated Patch Using External Pipettes......Page 511
10.6. Voltage Clamp with Gap Isolation Techniques......Page 515
10.A. Appendix......Page 533
11.1. Biological Membranes......Page 542
11.2. Lipid Monolayers......Page 544
11.3. Spherical Lipid Bilayers......Page 545
11.4. Planar Lipid Bilayers......Page 548
11.5. Ion Transport Mechanisms......Page 554
11.6. Techniques for the Measurement of Ion Transport......Page 557
11.7. Direct Transport of Hydrophobic Ions......Page 558
11.8. Carrier-Mediated Ion Transport......Page 559
11.9. Molecular Channels......Page 564
11.10. Relationship between Channel Structure and Function......Page 570
Author Index......Page 574
Subject Index......Page 594
