In the last ten years neural ensemble recording grew into a well-respected and highly data-lucrative science. New experimental paradigms, including the fabrication of high-density microelectrodes, new surgical implantation techniques, multi-channel signal processing, and the establishment of direct real-time brain-machine interfaces, hold promise not just for neurophysiology research, but also for new-generation prosthetic devices aimed at restoring mobility and communication skills in severely disabled patients. Extensively updated and expanded, Methods for Neural Ensemble Recording, Second Edition distills the current state-of-the-science and provides the nuts and bolts foundation from which to advance the field for the next ten years. With contributions from pioneering researchers, this second edition begins with an overview of microwire array design for chronic neural recordings. Demonstrating the diversity now enjoyed in the field, the book reviews new surgical techniques for chronic implantation of microwire arrays in not just rodents, but primates as well. It explores microelectrode microstimulation of brain tissue, discusses multielectrode recordings in the somatosensory system and during learning, and analyzes neural ensemble recordings from the central gustatory-reward pathways in awake and behaving animals. An exploration of new strategies for neural ensemble data analysis for Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) applications foreshadows an investigation into employing BMI to restore neurological function. Using multielectrode field potential recordings, contributions define global brain states and propose conceptual and technical approaches to human neural ensemble recordings in the future.
Author(s): Miguel A. L. Nicolelis
Series: Frontiers in neuroscience
Edition: 2nd ed
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2008
Language: English
Commentary: 57444
Pages: 286
City: Boca Raton
Cover......Page 1
fm......Page 2
METHODS for NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS, SECOND EDITION......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Series Preface......Page 11
Preface......Page 12
Editor......Page 15
Contributors......Page 16
INTRODUCTION......Page 18
THE DUCN DESIGN AND FABRICATION APPROACH FOR MULTISITE, CHRONIC NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS......Page 19
THE LAYERED APPROACH......Page 21
DISCRETELY WIRED APPROACH......Page 27
BUILDING A LAYERED PCB MICROWIRE ARRAY......Page 32
BUILDING A DISCRETELY WIRED ARRAY......Page 35
REFERENCES......Page 37
CONTENTS......Page 38
INTRODUCTION......Page 39
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RODENTS AND PRIMATES PERTINENT TO SURGICAL TECHNIQUE......Page 40
PREOPERATIVE SUPPLIES AND ROOM PREPARATION......Page 41
PREOPERATIVE ANIMAL PREPARATION......Page 42
ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUES AND INTRAOPERATIVE MONITORING......Page 43
ELECTRODE SPECIFIC FOR RODENTS......Page 44
Brain Electrode Arrays......Page 45
EMG Electrode Surgery......Page 48
PREOPERATIVE SUPPLIES AND ROOM PREPARATION......Page 49
ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUES AND INTRAOPERATIVE MONITORING......Page 51
Exposure......Page 52
Drilling of Craniotomies......Page 53
Opening of the Brain Coverings......Page 57
Skull and Wound Closure......Page 58
POSTOPERATIVE CARE......Page 60
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 61
REFERENCES......Page 62
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF BRAIN STIMULATION......Page 64
PRINCIPLES OF CORTICAL MICROSTIMULATION......Page 66
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS......Page 68
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 72
INTRODUCTION......Page 73
NEURONAL ENCODING AND TUNING CURVES......Page 74
VELOCITY TUNING CURVES......Page 75
SPATIOTEMPORAL TUNING CURVES......Page 76
TUNING TO SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS OF VELOCITY......Page 79
NEURONAL MODULATIONS......Page 80
MOVEMENT PREDICTION......Page 85
PRINCIPAL NEURONS......Page 87
ENSEMBLE PERMANENCE......Page 89
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA)......Page 90
REGULARIZATION METHODS......Page 91
CONCLUSIONS......Page 92
VARIANCE RELATIONSHIP FOR DOUBLY STOCHASTIC POISSON PROCESSES......Page 93
CROSS-VARIANCE RELATIONSHIP FOR DOUBLY STOCHASTIC POISSON PROCESSES......Page 95
REFERENCES......Page 96
INTRODUCTION......Page 98
CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRODES......Page 99
ANESTHESIA......Page 101
Gross Locomotor Behavior......Page 102
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms......Page 103
DATA COLLECTION......Page 104
BEHAVIORAL STATE ANALYSIS......Page 105
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 106
REFERENCES......Page 110
INTRODUCTION......Page 112
FIXED ELECTRODE ARRAY SPECIFICATIONS......Page 114
IMPLANTATION AND ADVANCING THROUGH THE LAYERS......Page 115
PRECISE WHISKER STIMULATION IN ANESTHETIZED RATS......Page 116
SOMATOSENSORY STIMULATION OF HEAD-IMMOBILIZED AWAKE RATS......Page 118
Nerve-Cuff Stimulation......Page 120
Active Tactile Discrimination......Page 121
RAT BEHAVIORAL TESTING CHAMBER DETAILS......Page 124
COMBINING ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS WITH REVERSIBLE FOCAL INACTIVATION......Page 127
SINGLE-NEURON RESPONSES......Page 130
LVQ-BASED ENSEMBLE ANALYSES......Page 132
CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK......Page 135
RESOURCES......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 137
INTRODUCTION......Page 140
USING NONHUMAN PRIMATES TO STUDY LEARNING USING CHRONIC RECORDING METHODS......Page 142
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERI-EVENT TIME HISTOGRAMS......Page 145
DISTANCE INDEX (DI) ANALYSIS......Page 148
ANALYSIS OF NEURAL ENSEMBLE DATA......Page 150
LVQ-BASED POPULATION ANALYSES......Page 151
POPULATION DISTANCE INDEX (PDI) ANALYSIS FOR SINGLE TRIAL CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS......Page 152
PARTIAL DIRECTED COHERENCE (PDC) ANALYSIS......Page 154
CONTROL ANALYSES......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 172
INTRODUCTION......Page 175
FOREBRAIN DYNAMICS IN DIFFERENT WAKE-SLEEP STATES......Page 176
LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING STATE IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHMS......Page 178
DATA COLLECTION......Page 179
2-D STATE SPACE......Page 180
GLOBAL BRAIN STATES......Page 183
STATE-CODING ALGORITHM......Page 184
VALIDATION AGAINST EMG ACTIVITY IN MICE......Page 185
GRADIENTS AND FUNCTIONAL SUBDIVISIONS WITHIN GLOBAL BRAIN STATES......Page 187
FOREBRAIN DYNAMICS DURING STATE TRANSITIONS......Page 189
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STATE-SPACE FRAMEWORK......Page 191
THE DRIVING FORCES: NEUROMODULATORY SYSTEMS......Page 193
STATE-DEPENDENT INFORMATION PROCESSING AND MEMORY FORMATION......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
INTRODUCTION......Page 199
NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS......Page 200
MULTIELECTRODE RECORDING METHODOLOGY......Page 202
PRELIMINARY TRAINING......Page 203
MICROWIRE ARRAYS......Page 204
SURGICAL IMPLANTATION......Page 206
SIMULTANEOUS MULTICHANNEL RECORDING......Page 207
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS......Page 208
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS......Page 209
EXAMPLE: BRAIN–MACHINE INTERFACES......Page 210
REFERENCES......Page 216
CONTENTS......Page 219
INTRODUCTION......Page 220
BACKGROUND: PERIPHERAL GUSTATORY SYSTEM......Page 221
CENTRAL GUSTATORY-REWARD NEURAL PATHWAYS......Page 224
SIMULTANEOUS RECORDINGS OF MULTIPLE SINGLE NEURONS IN AWAKE AND BEHAVING RODENTS......Page 225
METHODS FOR CHRONIC IMPLANTATION OF MULTIPLE MICROWIRES......Page 227
METHODS FOR NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS IN AWAKE AND BEHAVING ANIMALS......Page 228
NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS IN FREELY LICKING RODENTS......Page 230
METHODS FOR NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS IN FREELY LICKING RODENTS......Page 233
METHODS FOR MEASURING PREFERENCE IN FREELY LICKING RODENTS......Page 235
NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS IN TASTE-REWARD PATHWAYS......Page 237
METHODS FOR MEASURING HUNGER AND SATIETY......Page 239
METHODS FOR MEASURING OR MANIPULATING LEVELS OF METABOLIC FACTORS IN FREELY LICKING RODENTS......Page 241
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF EXTRACELLULAR NEUROTRANSMITTER LEVELS IN DISCRETE CNS LOCATIONS......Page 243
REFERENCES......Page 244
INTRODUCTION......Page 249
NONINVASIVE BMIS......Page 250
INVASIVE BMIS......Page 253
PRINCIPLES OF BMI OPERATION......Page 254
PROBLEMS FACED BY INVASIVE BMIS......Page 255
IMPLANTABLE DEVICES FOR RECORDINGS FROM LARGE NEURONAL ENSEMBLES......Page 256
ALGORITHMS FOR PROCESSING NEURONAL ACTIVITY......Page 258
BRAIN PLASTICITY INVOLVED IN BMI OPERATIONS......Page 261
SOMATOSENSORY FEEDBACK IN BMI DESIGN......Page 262
REFERENCES......Page 263
CONTENTS......Page 270
INTRODUCTION......Page 271
RELEVANT PRECLINICAL STUDIES FOR HUMAN NEURAL ENSEMBLE RECORDINGS......Page 273
REQUIREMENTS FOR HUMAN ENSEMBLE RECORDING AND NEUROPROSTHETICS DEVICES......Page 274
APPROPRIATE HUMAN MEDICAL CONDITIONS......Page 276
HUMAN TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: ENGINEERING TRANSLATION......Page 277
MICROWIRE ARRAY EXPERIENCE......Page 278
CORTICAL ELECTROCORTICOGRAM (ECOG) AND BRAIN CONTROL......Page 279
Superficial Cortical Electrodes......Page 280
ELECTRONICS......Page 282
SENSORY FEEDBACK—STIMULATION ELECTRODES AND MULTINEURON FIELD STIMULATION......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 284
