Metal Oxide-Based Nanofibers and Their Applications

Front Cover
Metal Oxide-Based Nanofibers and Their Applications
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
About the series editor
About the volume editors
Preface to the series
Preface to the volume
Section 1
1 Fundamentals of electrospinning and safety
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electrospinning process for metal oxide nanofibers
1.2.1 Precursor solution for sol–gel electrospinning process toward metal oxide nanofibers
1.2.2 Precursor solution for colloidal method toward metal oxide nanofibers
1.2.3 Electrospinning process parameters
1.3 Large-scale production
1.4 Electrospinning safety
Acknowledgments
References
2 Special techniques and advanced structures
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Electrospinning for producing metal oxide nanofibers
2.2.1 Directly electrospinning of the precursor solution
2.2.2 Selectively removing the polymer component in the composite nanofibers
2.2.3 Converting amorphous to crystalline structure
2.2.4 Physical and chemical modifications
2.3 Advanced structures of metal oxide nanofibers
2.3.1 Control of core-sheath, hollow, or side-by-side morphology
2.3.2 Control of in-fiber and interfiber porosity
2.3.3 Control of hierarchical surface structures
2.3.4 Control of alignment and patterns
2.3.5 Welding of nanofibers at their cross points
2.3.6 Three-dimensional fibrous aerogels
2.3.7 Mass production of metal oxide nanofibers
Acknowledgments
References
3 Nonelectrospun metal oxide nanofibers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nonelectrospinning techniques
3.2.1 Solution blow spinning technique
3.2.2 Plasma-induced technique
3.2.3 Drawing technique
3.2.4 CO2 laser supersonic drawing
3.2.5 Template synthesis
3.2.6 Centrifugal spinning
3.3 Synthesis of metal oxide nanofibers
3.3.1 Tin oxide nanofibers
3.3.2 Silica nanofibers
3.3.3 Barium titanate nanofibers
3.3.4 Copper oxide nanofibers
3.3.5 Tungsten oxide nanofibers
3.3.6 Ferric oxide nanofibers
3.3.7 NiO, CeO2, and NiO-CeO2 composite nanofibers
3.3.8 Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanofibers
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 Polymer–metal oxide composite nanofibers
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electroactive polymers and their metal oxide composites
4.3 Elastomer–metal oxide nanocomposite fibers
4.4 Biopolymer/metal oxide nanocomposite fibers
4.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 2
5 Metal oxide nanofibers and their applications for biosensing
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Synthesis strategies for MONFs
5.2.1 Physicochemical route for MONF fabrication
5.2.2 Spinning technique for fabrication of MONFs
5.2.2.1 Electrospinning technique for fabrication of MONFs
5.2.2.2 Nonelectrospinning for fabrication of MONFs
5.2.3 Advanced microfabrication and nanofabrication strategies for MONFs
5.3 Biosensing applications of MONFs
5.3.1 Titanium dioxide nanofibers for biosensing
5.3.2 ZnO nanofibers for biosensing
5.3.3 Others MONFs for biosensing
5.4 Recent computational advances
5.5 Conclusions, challenges, and future scope
Acknowledgments
References
6 Metal oxide-based nanofibers and their gas-sensing applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Gas-sensing applications of metal oxide nanofibers
6.2.1 Importance of gas-sensing and gas sensors
6.2.2 Pristine metal oxide nanofibers
6.2.3 Metal oxide composite nanofibers
6.2.4 Loaded or doped metal oxide nanofibers
6.3 Conclusions and outlook
References
7 Metal oxide nanofibers for flexible organic electronics and sensors
7.1 Incorporation of nanofibers into electronic devices
7.2 Conductive and transparent nanofibrous networks as a futuristic approach toward the flexible displays
7.3 Recent progress in electrospun metal oxide nanofibers
7.4 Summary and future trends
References
8 Role of metal oxide nanofibers in water purification
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Metal oxide as water purifiers
8.3 Polymer–metal oxide composite fibers for water treatment
8.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
9 Metal oxide nanofiber for air remediation via filtration, catalysis, and photocatalysis
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Filtration for air pollutants
9.2.1 Filtration mechanism
9.2.2 Characterization of filter
9.2.2.1 Porosity
9.2.2.2 Pore size and size distribution
9.2.2.3 Surface area
9.2.2.4 Permeability
9.2.2.5 Single-fiber efficiency
9.2.2.6 Quality factor
9.2.3 Nanofibrous particulate matter filter
9.2.4 Gas filter
9.2.4.1 Metal oxide nanofibers as catalyst support matrix and catalyst
9.2.4.2 Metal oxide nanofibrous photocatalysts
9.3 Conclusion
References
Section 3
10 Piezoelectric application of metal oxide nanofibers
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Inorganic piezoelectric materials and their properties
10.3 Synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures
10.4 Hydrothermal synthesis
10.5 Electrospinning
10.6 Molten salt synthesis
10.7 Sol–gel template synthesis
10.8 Material and structural characterizations
10.9 X-ray diffraction
10.10 Raman spectroscopy
10.11 Atomic force microscopy
10.12 Potential applications
10.12.1 Nanogenerators
10.12.2 High-energy-density storage devices
10.12.3 Structural health monitoring
10.13 Summary and outlook
References
11 Memristive applications of metal oxide nanofibers
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Recent trends
11.3 Memristors and resistive switching
11.4 Resistive switching in metal oxide nanofibers
11.4.1 NiO
11.4.2 TiO2
11.4.3 CuO
11.4.4 ZnO
11.4.5 Nb2O5
11.4.6 VO2
11.4.7 WO3
11.4.8 Complex Oxide Nanofibers
11.5 Core–shell nanowires
11.6 Perspective and outlook
References
12 Metal oxide nanofibers in solar cells
12.1 Introduction: role of nanofibers in various types of solar cells
12.2 Photoconversion mechanism in sensitized photovoltaic cells
12.2.1 Excitation of electrons
12.2.2 Generation of photovoltage
12.2.3 Charge extraction and transport
12.2.4 Generation of photocurrent
12.3 Metal oxide nanofibers as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells
12.4 Reducing energy trap states
12.4.1 Improving crystallinity through high sintering
12.4.2 Raising the Fermi energy level
12.4.3 N-type doping induced diffusion coefficient improvement
12.4.4 P-type doping induced Schottky-barrier
12.4.5 Homovalent ion substitution
12.4.6 Composite fibers
12.5 Challenges
12.5.1 Conclusion and outlook
References
13 Metal oxide nanofiber-based electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 State-of-the-art architectures and materials for solid oxide fuel cell electrodes
13.1.1.1 Electrode architectures
13.1.1.2 Cathode materials
13.1.1.3 Anode materials
13.2 Nanofiber solid oxide fuel cell electrode preparation through electrospinning
13.2.1 Electrode preparation
13.2.2 Typical electrode structures
13.3 Overview of electrochemical performance of nanofiber versus conventional solid oxide fuel cell electrodes
13.3.1 Strontium-doped lanthanum manganite
13.3.2 Cobalt-based metal oxides
13.3.3 Cobalt-free metal oxides
13.3.3.1 Cathodes
13.3.3.2 Anodes
13.4 Understanding the structure-performance relationship in nanofiber solid oxide fuel cell electrodes: experimental chara...
13.4.1 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: experimental characterization and equivalent circuit modeling
13.4.1.1 Equivalent circuit modeling of metal oxide nanofiber-based electrodes
13.4.1.2 Electrochemical behavior of metal oxide nanofiber-based electrodes
13.4.2 One-dimensional pseudohomogeneous model of infiltrated mixed ionic-electronic conductor nanofiber electrodes
13.4.2.1 Model development
13.4.2.2 Model results
13.5 Summary
References
14 Synthesis of one-dimensional metal oxide–based crystals as energy storage materials
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Aluminum oxide
14.3 Copper oxide
14.4 Iron oxide
14.5 Manganese oxide
14.6 Nickel oxide
14.7 Silicon oxide and silicates
14.8 Tin oxide
14.9 Titanium oxides and titanates
14.10 Tungsten oxide and tungstates
14.11 Vanadium oxide
14.12 Zinc oxide
14.13 Zirconate fibers
References
15 Supercapacitors based on electrospun metal oxide nanofibers
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Electrospun metal oxide nanofibers
15.2.1 Single metal oxides
15.2.2 Bimetallic or polymetallic oxides
15.3 Electrospun metal oxide nanofiber–based composites
15.3.1 Metal oxide/metal oxide (metal hydroxide, metal) composites
15.3.2 Metal oxide/carbon-based composites
15.3.3 Metal oxide (metal)/carbon nanofibers/conducting polymer composites
15.3.4 Other composites
15.4 Conclusion
References
16 Thermoelectrics based on metal oxide nanofibers
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Thermoelectric metal oxide nanofiber processing technology
16.2.1 Electrospinning
16.2.2 Chemical bath deposition
16.2.3 Template-assisted deposition
16.2.4 Chemical spray pyrolysis
16.2.5 Microlithography and nanolithography
16.2.6 Electrochemical oxidation
16.2.7 Glass-annealing method
16.3 Thermoelectric metal oxide nanofiber device concept and characterization
16.4 Perspectives and conclusions
References
Index
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