Metal Nano 3D Superlattices: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1 Syntheses of Metal Nanocrystals
1.1 Nanocrystal Growth Processes and Control of Size and Distribution
1.2 Crystalline Structure of Metal Nanocrystals
1.2.1 Co Nanocrystals
1.2.2 Au, Ag, and Cu Nanocrystals
1.3 Various Techniques Used to Produce Metal Nanocrystals and Control Their Sizes and Distribution
1.3.1 Reverse Micelles
1.3.2 Inorganic Chemical Reaction to Produce Au and Ag Nanocrystals
1.3.2.1 Synthesis of Au Nanocrystals Differing by Their Diameters
1.3.2.2 Synthesis of 5-nm Polycrystalline Silver Nanocrystals
1.3.3 Thermal Decomposition
1.3.4 Hot Injection
1.4 An Example to Show the Importance of the Reactant Sequence to Produce Nanocrystals
1.5 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Au Nanocrystals Stabilization
1.6 Conclusion
References
2 Influence of the Nanoparticle Crystalline Structures Called Nanocrystallinities on Various Properties
2.1 Nano-Kirkendall
2.1.1 Influence of the Atom Diffusion Processes on Rather Large Nanoparticles (7 nm/8 nm) Differing by Their Nanocrystallinities
2.1.1.1 Amorphous Nanoparticles
2.1.1.2 hcp Nanocrystals
2.1.1.3 fcc Nanocrystals
2.1.1.4 Epsilon-Phase Nanocrystals
2.1.2 Influence of the Nanocrystal Size Related to the Various Crystalline Structures
2.1.3 Nanoparticle Environment Effect
2.1.3.1 Isolated Nanocrystals
2.1.3.2 Influence of the Electron Beam Irradiation on the Final Nanocrystals
2.1.4 Conclusions
2.2 Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of Au Nanocrystals Differing by Their Nanocrystallinity
2.3 Acoustic Vibrational Modes
2.3.1 Breathing Mode
2.3.2 Quadrupolar Mode
2.4 Crystal Growth Process
2.5 Mechanical Properties
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Au 3D Superlattices Produced by Solvent Evaporation Process
3.1 Au 3D Superlattice Morphology of Au Nanocrystals Coated with Thiol Derivatives
3.1.1 Au 3D Superlattice Morphology Produced at Zero Solvent Vapor Pressure
3.1.1 Au 3D Superlattice Morphologies Produced Under Various Solvent Vapor Pressures
3.1.2 Influence of Temperature During the Evaporation Process on Au 3D Superlattice Morphologies
3.1.3 Hierarchy in the 3D Superlattice Crystallinity
3.2 Interparticle Distance Between Nanocrystals Coated with Thiol Derivatives
3.3 Au 3D Superlattices Coated with N-Heterocyclic Carbene
3.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 3D Superlattice Growth in a Thermodynamic Equilibrium
4.1 Simultaneous 3D Superlattices Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Growth Processes
4.1.1 General Behavior of the Two Simultaneous Supracrystal Growth Processes of Au Nanocrystals
4.1.2 Analogy with Nature: Air–Solvent Interface Acts as Perfect Substrate
4.1.3 Case of 5-nm Au Nanocrystals in Toluene Saturation
4.1.4 Nanocrystals of 4-nm Dispersed in Toluene
4.2 Submillimeter-Size Single 3D Superlattices of 5-nm Au Nanocrystals
4.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Ag 3D Superlattices
5.1 Control of the Crystalline Structure of Ag 3D Superlattices
5.2 Optical Properties
5.2.1 Thin Film
5.2.2 Thick Films
5.3 Stability
5.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Mesostructures of Magnetic Nanocrystals Subjected to Applied Magnetic Field
6.1 Maghemite Nanocrystals
6.1.1 Stripes Formed by Applying a Magnetic Field: van der Waals Versus Dipolar Forces Controlling Mesoscopic Organizations of Magnetic Nanocrystals
6.1.2 Applied Magnetic Field Perpendicular to the Substrate: Liquid–Gas Phase Transition
6.2 Cobalt Nanocrystals
6.2.1 Alignments Induced by Dipolar Interactions Between Co Nanoparticles Subjected to a Magnetic Field Parallel to the Substrate
6.2.2 Columns and Labyrinths of Co Nanoparticles: Nanocrystal Size Distribution as a Key Parameter on the Mesostructures
6.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Binary 3D Superlattices
7.1 Structure of 3D Superlattices Predicted by the Hard-Sphere Model
7.1.1 Co/Ag Binary 3D Superlattices of Co and Ag Nanoparticles
7.1.2 Co/Co Binary 3D Superlattices of Amorphous Co Nanoparticles
7.1.3 Ag/Ag Binary 3D Superlattices of Polycrystalline Ag Nanoparticles
7.2 Limitation of the Hard-Sphere Model
7.2.1 Ligand Exchange
7.2.2 Relative Concentration of the Small and Large Nanoparticles on the Binary 3D Superlattices
7.2.3 Temperature Effect
7.2.3.1 Influence on the Binary Phase Diagram
7.2.3.2 Structural Transformation of CoAAu13 Subjected to High Temperature
7.2.3.3 Influence of the Magnetic Properties on Co/Ag Binary Systems
7.2.4 Unexpected Behavior Induced by Mixing Small and Large Nanoparticles
7.3 Solvent-Mediated Crystallization of Nanocrystal 3D Assemblies of Silver Nanocrystals: Unexpected Superlattice Ripening
7.4 Collective Properties Involved in Self-Assemblies of Binary 3D Superlattices
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Analogy Between 3D Lattices and Atomic Crystals: Crystalline Structure
8.1 Atomic Crystals, Shaped 3D Lattices, and Minerals
8.2 Negative 3D Lattices
8.2.1 How Negative 3D Lattices Are Produced?
8.2.2 Analogy Between Negative 3D Lattices, Atomic Crystals, and Minerals
8.3 Vicinal Surface of 3D Lattices
8.4 Quasi-3D Lattices
8.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Analogy Between 3D Superlattices and Atomic Crystals: Physical Properties
9.1 Magnetic Properties
9.2 Coherent Longitudinal Acoustic Phonons in Small 3D Superlattices
9.3 Breathing Modes
9.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10 3D Superlattice Stability
10.1 Influence of Temperature
10.2 Edging Process
10.2.1 Ag Nanocrystals
10.2.2 Au Nanocrystals
10.2.3 Influence of the Coating Agent
10.3 Solvent-Mediated Crystallization of Nanocrystal 3D Assemblies
10.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Intrinsic Properties Related Due to the Self-Assemblies of Nanocrystals
11.1 Epitaxial Crystal Growth as a Result of the Nanocrystal Ordering
11.2 Unexpected Electronic Properties of Micrometer-Thick 3D Superlattices of Au Nanocrystals
11.3 Collective Magnetic Properties of Co Nanocrystals Self-Assembled in 3D Superlattices
11.3.1 Influence of Nanocrystal Ordering on the Magnetic Properties
11.3.2 Influence of Co Nanocrystallinity on fcc 3D Superlattices
11.3.3 Magnetic Properties of Single-Domain -Phase Co Nanocrystals at Various Interactions Scales
11.3.3.1 Magnetic Properties of Co (ε-Phase) Nanocrystals Dispersed in PMMA
11.3.3.2 Magnetic Properties of Co (ε-Phase) Nanocrystals Deposited on Substrate
11.4 Super-Spin Glass Behavior of fcc Supracrystals
11.5 Alignment of Magnetic Nanocrystals
11.5.1 Do the Mesoscopic Structures Play the Major Role on the Magnetic Properties?
11.5.2 Comparison of the Influence or the Easy Axis’ Orientation and Dipolar Interactions
11.6 Co 3D Superlattice Collective Properties of Amorphous Nanoparticles
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Mechanical Properties of 3D Superlattices
12.1 Measurements of Mechanical Properties Using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
12.1.1 Oliver and Pharr
12.1.2 Plate Model
12.1.3 Validity of Mechanical Properties Deduced from AFM
12.2 3D Superlattices Produced Under Thermodynamic Processes
12.2.1 Influence of the 3D Superlattice Growth Mechanism
12.2.2 Tuning of the Stiffness of Au 3D Superlattices
12.3 3D Superlattice Produced Through Heterogeneous 3D Superlattice Growth Process
12.3.1 Au 3D Superlattices
12.3.1.1 Size and Coating Agent Effect on the Mechanical Properties
12.3.1.2 Nanocrystallinity
12.3.2 Co 3D Superlattices
12.3.2.1 Epsilon Phase Co 3D Superlattice: Influence of Nanocrystal Size and 3D Superlattice Morphology on the Mechanical Properties
12.3.2.2 Hierarchical Mechanical Behavior of Co 3D Superlattices Related to Nanocrystallinity
12.3.3 Ag 3D Superlattices: Highly Weak Young Moduli
12.4 Do the Apparent Discrepancies of the Young Moduli Produced with a Large Variety of Metallic Nanocrystals Self-Assembled in fcc Structures Remain Valid or Not?
12.5 Mesoscopic Assemblies of Co Nanocrystals Differing by Their Size Distribution: Mechanical Intrinsic Properties
12.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Cracks in Nanocrystal Film
13.1 Cracks of Nanocrystal Films
13.1.1 Isotropic Cracks
13.1.2 Orientational Cracks
13.1.3 Universal Feature
13.2 Cracks in Nature and Current Life
13.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 Water-Dispersive Hydrophobic Suprastructures: Specific Properties
14.1 Au and Co “Clustered” Structures
14.1.1 Fabrication and Characterization
14.1.2 Specific Properties
14.1.2.1 Magnetic Properties
14.1.2.2 Optical Properties
14.2 Colloidosomes and Supraballs
14.2.1 Colloidosome: Fabrication and Characterization
14.2.2 Supraballs: Fabrication and Characterization
14.3 Nanoheaters
14.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Nanocrystal Self-Assembly in Cells
15.1 Ferrite Colloidosomes and Supraballs
15.2 Intracellular Fate of Hydrophobic Nanocrystal Self-Assemblies in Tumor Cells
15.2.1 Ability of Colloidosomes and Supraballs to be Uptaken into Tumor Cells
15.2.2 Internal Distribution of Colloidosomes and Supraballs in Tumor Cells
15.2.2.1 Nanocrystal Dispersions
15.2.2.2 Colloidosomes
15.2.2.3 Supraballs
15.2.3 Structural Organization of Nanocrystals in Tumor Cells
15.2.4 Interactions with Lysosomes
15.2.4.1 Lysosome Size
15.2.4.2 Lysosome Shape
15.2.4.3 Spatial Distribution and Density of Nanocrystals in Lysosomes
15.2.4.4 Proximity of Nanocrystals to the Lysosome Membrane
15.2.5 Magnetic Response of Internalized Nanocrystals
15.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Photothermal Effects in the Tumor Microenvironment
16.1 Colloidosomes and Supraballs
16.2 Photothermal Properties: Apparent Contradiction Between the Global Heating and Cell Death
16.2.1 Pellet of Nanocrystal-Loaded Cells
16.2.2 Monolayers of Cells Having Internalized the Fe3O4 Nanocrystals
16.3 Suprastructures: Photothermal Properties in the in vivo Tumor Microenvironment
16.4 Suprastructures Modulate the Distribution of Fe3O4 Nanocrystals in the Tumor Microenvironment
16.5 Suprastructures: Photothermal Effects on the Tumor Extracellular Matrix
16.6 Conclusion
References
Index
EULA