Metal Matrix Composites, Volume 1: Fabrication, Production, and 3D Printing

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Micro and Nanocomposites Produced by Different Casting Routes and Improved Mechanical and Tribological Properties
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Review of Different Casting Machine and Properties of A356 Alloy-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.2 Different Casting Machine
1.2.3 Aluminum-Silicon Alloy (A356)
1.2.4 Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy Made by Different Casting Techniques: Gravity, Vacuum, and Squeeze Casting
1.2.5 A356 Alloy-Al 2 O 3 Metal Matrix Composites and Mechanical Properties
1.3 Review of Heat-Treatment Studies of A356 Alloy-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites
1.3.1 T6 Heat-Treatment Studies of Aluminum Material
1.3.2 Effect of Solutionizing Temperature and Time
1.3.3 Effect of Quenching Rate
1.3.4 Time and Temperature Effect of Aging
1.3.5 The T6 Heat-Treated Alloy and Composite Material Properties
1.4 Review of Wear Studies of A356 Alloy-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites
1.4.1 Wear Studies in Aluminum A356 Alloy
1.4.2 Wear in Aluminum and Metal Matrix Composites
1.4.3 Wear Studies on T6 Heat-Treated Aluminum and MMCs
1.5 Summary
References
Chapter 2: Processing of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Liquid State Processing Techniques
2.2.1 Stir Casting Route
2.2.2 Infiltration Route
2.2.3 Spontaneous Infiltration Route
2.2.4 Forced Infiltration Route
2.2.4.1 Centrifugal Infiltration Route
2.2.4.2 Squeeze Infiltration Route
2.2.4.3 Ultrasonic Infiltration Route
2.3 Solid State Processing Techniques
2.3.1 Powder Metallurgy Route
2.3.1.1 High Energy Ball Milling
2.3.1.2 Consolidation Techniques
2.3.1.2.1 Conventional Sintering
2.3.1.2.2 Hot Pressing Sintering
2.3.1.2.3 Spark Plasma Sintering
2.3.2 Diffusion Bonding Route
2.4 Phase Deposition Processing Techniques
2.4.1 Physical Vapor Deposition Route
2.4.1.1 Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) Process
2.4.1.2 Sputtering Deposition Process
2.4.2 Spray Deposition Route
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Copper Matrix Composites: Synthesis and Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Types of Cu MMCs
3.1.2 Reinforcement Materials
3.1.2.1 Fibrous Material
3.1.2.2 Particles
3.1.3 Cu Matrix
3.2 Synthesis
3.2.1 Liquid State Processing Techniques
3.2.1.1 Stir Casting
3.2.1.2 Liquid Infiltration Process
3.2.1.3 Squeeze Casting
3.2.1.4 In Situ Process
3.2.2 Solid State Processing Techniques
3.2.2.1 Powder Metallurgy (P/M)
3.2.2.2 Extrusion
3.2.2.3 Spark Plasma Sintering
3.2.3 Gaseous State Processing
3.2.3.1 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
3.3 Applications
References
Chapter 4: A Review on Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites: A Multidimensional Attribute Approach
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Literature Review
4.3 Methodology
4.3.1 Identification of Research Papers
4.3.2 Grouping of Research Papers
4.3.3 Cause and Effect Analysis for Attributes
4.3.4 Attributes
4.3.5 Coding of Research Paper
4.4 Procedure to Develop a Decision Matrix
4.5 Advantages of Decision Matrix
4.6 Gap Analysis
4.7 Examples of Decision Matrix
4.7.1 SWOT Analysis
4.7.2 SWOT Analysis for Manufacturer
4.7.3 SWOT Analysis for Designer
4.7.4 SWOT Analysis for Researcher
4.7.5 Step by Step Procedure for Attributes-Based Literature Review
4.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Multi-scale Computational Analysis of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Few Critical Applications of MMNCs
5.2.1 Automotive Sector
5.2.2 Aerospace Sector
5.2.3 Medical Sector
5.2.4 Electronic Packaging and Other Sectors
5.3 Modeling Methods
5.3.1 Micromechanics
5.3.1.1 Voigt and Reuss Models
5.3.1.2 Hashin–Shtrikman Bounds
5.3.1.3 Self-Consistent Method
5.3.1.4 Strength of Materials
5.3.1.5 Mori–Tanaka Homogenization Method
5.3.1.6 Finite Element Method
5.3.2 Multi-scale Approach
5.4 Effective Material Properties of MMNCs
5.4.1 Influence of Volume Fraction of the Nanofillers
5.4.2 Influence of Orientation of the Nanofillers
5.4.3 Influence of Interphase Between the Constituents
5.4.4 Influence of Aspect Ratio of the Nanofillers
5.5 Hybrid Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (HMMNCs)
References
Chapter 6: Impact of Coating Blends and Coating Techniques on Metal Matrix Composites
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Composite Materials
6.1.2 Coating
6.1.3 Coating Blend
6.1.4 Coating Technique
6.1.5 Metal Matrix Composite
6.2 Coating Techniques
6.2.1 Physical Vapor Deposition Process
6.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition Process
6.2.3 Thermal Spray Coatings
6.2.4 Detonation Gun
6.2.5 High-velocity Oxy Spray
6.2.6 Cold Spray
6.3 Background for Coating Techniques
6.4 Background for Metal Matrix Composite
6.4.1 Importance of Rare Earth
6.4.2 Summary
References
Chapter 7: Effects of Performance Measures of Non-conventional Joining Processes on Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Friction Stir Welding
7.2.1 Analysis of Microstructure at the Weld Zone
7.2.2 Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of FSW Joint
7.2.2.1 Micro-Hardness
7.2.2.2 Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
7.2.3 Effect of Tool Profile on Mechanical Properties
7.3 Ultrasonic Processing of MMC
7.3.1 Effect of Friction and Ultrasonic Power
7.3.2 Mechanical Properties
7.3.2.1 Hardness
7.3.2.2 Shear Strength
7.3.3 Effect of Process Parameters
7.3.3.1 Normal Force/Weld Force (N)
7.3.3.2 Weld Speed (m/s)
7.3.3.3 Oscillation Amplitude
7.4 Laser Welding
7.4.1 Microstructure Analysis
7.4.2 Major Defects in Laser Beam Welds
7.4.2.1 Porosity
7.4.2.2 Hot Cracking
7.4.3 Influence of Parameters on Mechanical Properties of MMC
7.4.3.1 Effect of Laser Parameters
7.4.3.1.1 Laser Type
7.4.3.1.2 Laser Power
7.4.3.1.3 Laser Dimensions
7.4.3.2 Effect of Welding Speed
7.4.3.3 Effect of Shielding Gas
7.5 Electron Beam Welding
7.5.1 Microstructure Evolution
7.5.2 EBW Input Parameters
7.5.2.1 Effect of Beam Parameters on the Weld
7.5.2.2 Effect of Welding Speed
References
Chapter 8: 3D Printing of Metal Matrix Composites: A Review and Prospective
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
8.3 Techniques of 3D Printing
8.3.1 Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)
8.3.2 Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
8.3.3 Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
8.3.4 Binder Jetting (BJG) or 3DP
8.3.5 Directed Energy Deposition (DED)
8.3.6 Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
8.4 MMCs Processing by 3D Printing
8.4.1 Aluminum-based Composites
8.4.2 Nickel Matrix Composites
8.4.3 Titanium Matrix Composites
8.4.4 Copper Matrix Composites
8.4.5 Iron Matrix Composites
8.4.6 Zinc Matrix Composites
8.5 Applications of MMCs
8.5.1 Biomedical Industry
8.5.2 Aerospace Industry
8.5.3 Automotive Industry
8.5.4 Construction Industry
8.5.5 Personalized Item Industry
8.6 Challenges
8.7 Future Scopes
References
Chapter 9: Conventional and 3D Printing Technology for the Manufacturing of Metal-Matrix Composite: A Study
9.1 Summary
9.2 Introduction
9.2.1 What are MMCs?
9.2.1.1 Classification of Composites
9.2.1.2 Comparison of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) with Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) and Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)
9.2.1.3 Models for the Determination of Behavior and Properties of MMCs
9.2.2 Fabrication of MMCs Using Convention Methods
9.2.2.1 Solid State Processing
9.2.2.1.1 Powder Mixing and Consolidation
9.2.2.1.2 Diffusion Bonding
9.2.2.1.3 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
9.2.2.2 Liquid State Processing
9.2.2.2.1 Stir Casting
9.2.2.2.2 Squeeze Casting
9.2.2.2.3 Infiltration Process
9.2.2.2.4 Spray Deposition
9.2.2.3 In-situ MMCs Processing
9.2.3 Critical Issues Using MMCs
9.2.4 Fabrication by Using 3D Printing
9.2.4.1 Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM)
9.2.4.2 Stereo Lithography (SLA)
9.2.4.3 Ink Jet Printing (IJP)
9.2.4.4 Selective Laser–Sintering (SLS)
9.2.4.5 Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
9.2.4.6 Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
9.2.5 Process Capability Analysis of a 3D Printing Process
9.2.6 Conclusion
9.2.7 Future Scope and Challenges of MMCs Fabrication Using 3D Printing
References
Chapter 10: Advancement in Liquid Processing Techniques of Aerospace-Grade 7XXX Series Aluminium Alloy and Composites
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Research Objective and Published Research Related to the Theme of the Topic
10.1.2 Chemical Composition and Alloying Elements
10.2 Casting Techniques
10.2.1 Stir Casting Method
10.2.2 Squeeze Casting Method
10.2.3 Ultrasonic Assisted Casting Method
10.2.4 Other Casting Method
10.3 Microstructural Characterization
10.4 Mechanical Properties
10.5 Discussion
10.6 Conclusion
References
Index