Part one reviews equipment, methods, and data interpretation in metabolomics including the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), statistical methods in metabolomics, and metabolic reconstruction databases and their application to metabolomics research. Chapters in part two discuss metabolomics in nutrition, human samples for health assessments, and current methods for the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and their novel applications. The chapters also highlight metabolomic analysis of plants and crops, metabolomics for the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops, and applications of metabolomics in food science including food composition and quality, sensory and nutritional attributes.