Here’s the must-know information LPN/LVN students need to care for patients with mental health disorders where they’ll encounter them?in general patient care settings.
An easy-to-read, conversational writing style shows you how to recognize and respond to the most important mental health issues. You’ll also explore important communication techniques, ethical and legal issues, and alternative and complementary treatments. Coverage of nursing interventions, basic psychiatric nursing skills, and psychopharmacology prepares you for the NCLEX-PN® exam and clinical practice.
Better than the mental health chapter from a typical textbook“Everything you need to learn about mental health.”—Lisa J., Online Student Reviewer
Perfect“Easy to study, love it.”—Liza, Online Student Reviewer
- Expanded! “LPN/LVN Connections,” a consistent, LPN/LVN-focused approach to design, organization, and features, makes F.A. Davis texts easier for students and instructors to use across the curriculum
- Updated! The latest knowledge and practices in the field, including revisions from the DSM-5-TR 2022
- New & Updated! Coverage of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression, the opioid crisis, and mental illness in the homeless and veteran populations, and systemic racism in health care
- New! “Patient Education” and “Evidence-Based Practice” boxes
- Full-color illustrations, tables, bulleted lists, and a reader-friendly writing style to make concepts easy to understand
- Focus on the new, NCLEX-PN® test plan
- Coverage of mental health conditions across the lifespan
- Care plans with detailed descriptions of specific interventions and expected outcomes
- Content on specific nursing interventions and basic psychiatric nursing skills
- Coverage of psychopharmacology, including must-know side effects
- Case studies with critical-thinking questions to emphasize clinical-reasoning skills
- Crucial information on palliative and restorative care for long-term care settings
- Discussions on alternative treatment modalities to facilitate communications with people of different religious and cultural backgrounds as well as descriptions of religious and cultural beliefs and their impact on mental health and treatment
Author(s): Robynn Gorman, Linda M.; Anwar
Edition: 6
Publisher: F.A. Davis Company
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 408
City: Philadelphia
COVER
Inside Front Cover
Copyright
Acknowledgments
Preface
LPN/LVN CONNECTIONS
Textbook Design, Style, and Pedagogy
Standardized Student and Faculty Resources
F.A. DAVIS LPN/LVN ADVISORY BOARD
Consultant
Reviewers
Table of Contents
UNIT ONE: Foundations for Mental Health Nursing
UNIT TWO: Threats to Mental Health
UNIT THREE: Special Populations
UNIT ONE Foundations for Mental Health Nursing
CHAPTER 1 History of Mental Health Nursing
THE TRAILBLAZERS
Florence Nightingale
Dorothea Dix
Linda Richards
Harriet Bailey
Effie Jane Taylor
Mary Mahoney
Hildegard Peplau
Hattie Bessent
Bessie Blount Grifn
THE FACILITIES
Asylums
Hospitals
Free-Standing Facilities
THE BREAKTHROUGHS
Nurse Training
Psychotropic Medications
Deinstitutionalization
Organizations for Mental Health Nurses and Others
THE LAW
Hill-Burton Act
National Mental Health Act of 1946
Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963
Patient Bill of Rights
Afordable Care Act
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 2 Basics of Communication
COMMUNICATION THEORY
Sender, Receiver, and Interpretation of Message
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal and Written Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Aggressive Communication VersusAssertive Communication
Aggressive Communication
Assertive Communication
Social Communication
Therapeutic Communication
Neurolinguistic Programming
CHALLENGES TOCOMMUNICATION
People Who Have Hearing Impairments
People Who Have Visual Impairments
People Who Have Laryngectomies
People With Language Differences
People Who Have Aphasic/Dysphasic Disorders
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
Nontherapeutic Communication
Techniques of Therapeutic/Helping Communication
ADAPTIVE COMMUNICATIONTECHNIQUES
People Who Have Hearing Impairments
People Who Have Visual Impairments
People Who Have Laryngectomies
People With Language Differences
People Who Have Aphasic/Dysphasic Disorders
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 3 Ethics, Evidence-Based Practice, and Regulations
PROFESSIONALISM
ETHICS
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
Standards of Care
Nurse Practice Act
Accurate Documentation
Culture of Nurses
CONFIDENTIALITY
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
The Joint Commission
RESPONSIBILITY
ACCOUNTABILITY
Impaired Nurses
ABIDING BY THE CURRENT REGULATIONS
Good Samaritan Laws
Involuntary Commitment
Voluntary Commitment
Restraint Usage
PATIENTS’ RIGHTS
PATIENT ADVOCACY
COMMUNITY RESOURCES
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 4 Developmental Psychology Throughout the Life Span
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
DE VELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: NEWBORN TO ADOLESCENCE
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
Erik Erikson (1902–1994)
Jean Piaget (1896–1980)
Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987)
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS:ADOLESCENCE TO ADULTHOOD
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
Karen Horney (1885–1952)
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) and B. F.Skinner (1904–1990)
Abraham Maslow (1908–1970)
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security
Love and Belonging
Self-Esteem
Self-Actualization
Carol Gilligan (1936– )
Carl Rogers (1902–1987)
Carl Jung (1875–1961)
STAGES OF HUMANDEVELOPMENT
Death and Dying
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (1926–2004)
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 5 Sociocultural Influences on Mental Health
THE SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
CULTURE
RELIGION
SPIRITUALITY
ETHNICITY
THE CHANGING FAMILY
HOMELESSNESS
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
ABUSE
PARENTING
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 6 Nursing Process in Mental Health
NURSING PROCESS
STEP 1: ASSESSING THE PATIENT’S MENTAL HEALTH
Guidelines for Nurse-Patient Helping Interview
STEP 2: NURSING DIAGNOSIS: DEFINING PATIENT PROBLEMS
STEP 3: PLANNING (SHORT- AND LONG-TERM GOALS)
STEP 4: IMPLEMENTATIONS/ INTERVENTIONS
Patient Teaching
Principles of Learning
Principles of Teaching
Additional Patient Teaching Tips
STEP 5: EVALUATION/OUTCOME
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 7 Stress, Coping, and Defense Mechanisms
COPING
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 8 Medications and Other Therapies
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics, Major Tranquilizers)
Antiparkinson Agents (Anticholinergics)
Antianxiety Agents (Anxiolytics/ Minor Tranquilizers)
Antidepressants (Mood Elevators)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Tetracyclic Antidepressants (Heterocyclic Antidepressants)
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Alternative Treatments for Depression
Antimanic Agents (Mood Stabilizing Agents)
Lithium Carbonate
Anticonvulsants
Stimulants
MILIEU
PSYCHOTHERAPIES
Psychoanalysis
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Hypnosis
Catharsis
Behavior Modifcation
Cognitive Therapies
Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Person-Centered/Humanistic Therapy
Unconditional Positive Regard
Counseling versus Psychotherapy
Pastoral or Cultural Counseling
Group Therapy
Other Types of Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Nursing Responsibilities
Humor Therapy
Animal-Assisted Therapy
Crisis Intervention
Goals of Crisis Intervention
Nursing Responsibilities
Legal Considerations in Crisis Intervention
SUMMARY
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 9 Complementary and Alternative Treatment Modalities
THE MIND-BODY CONNECTION AND MINDFULNESS
COMMON COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS
Biofeedback
Aromatherapy
Herbal and Dietary Supplements
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Ayurveda
Massage, Energy, and Touch
Yoga
Hypnotherapy
Neurolinguistic Programming
PRIMARY SENSORY REPRESENTATION
SUMMARY
Key Points
Review Questions
UNIT TWO Threats to Mental Health
CHAPTER 10 Anxiety, Somatic Symptom Disorders, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
ANXIETY DISORDERS
ETIOLOGY AND SYMPTOMSOF ANXIETY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
Diagnostic Studies
Treatments
TYPES OF ANXIETY ANDANXIETY-RELATED DISORDERS
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF PEOPLEWITH ANXIETY AND ANXIETYRELATEDDISORDERS
ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONSFOR PEOPLE WITH ANXIETY ANDANXIETY-RELATED DISORDERS
Aromatherapy
Biofeedback
Hypnotherapy
Additional Alternative Interventions
NURSING CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH ANXIETY AND ANXIETY RELATED DISORDERS
General Interventions
SOMATIC SYMPTOM ANDRELATED DISORDERS
Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)
Etiology of Somatic SymptomDisorder
Differential Diagnoses
Somatic Symptom Related Disorders
Medical Treatment of Patients With Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Alternative Interventions for Patients With Somatic Symptom and RelatedDisorders
Nursing Care of the Patient With Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
Psychotherapeutic Treatments (APA,Clinical, 2017)
Complementary and AlternativeTherapies for PTSD
Diagnostic Test
Nursing Interventions
CHAPTER 11 Depressive Disorders
TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Major Depressive Disorder
Prolonged Grief Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Postpartum Depression
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Depressive Disorder With Seasonal Pattern
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
TREATMENT OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Alternative Treatments
Light Therapy
Herbal and Nutritional Therapy
NURSING CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
General Nursing Interventions
CONCEPT MAP
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 12 Bipolar Disorders
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS
Manic Phase
Depressed Phase
ETIOLOGY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS
Differential Diagnoses
TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS
NURSING CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH BIPOLAR DISORDERS
General Nursing Interventions
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 13 Suicide
THE REALITY OF SUICIDE
ETIOLOGY OF SUICIDE
The Warning Signs of Suicide
Differential Diagnosis
TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR SUICIDE
NURSING CARE OF THE SUICIDAL PATIENT
General Nursing Interventions
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 14 Personality Disorders
TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH PERSONALITY DISORDERS
General Nursing Interventions for Personality Disorders
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 16 Neurocognitive Disorders: Delirium and Dementia
DELIRIUM
Treatment of Delirium
DEMENTIA
Alzheimer’s Disease
Other Forms of Dementia
Differential Diagnosis of Delirium and Dementia
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR DEMENTIA
Treatment of Dementias
NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH DELIRIUM AND DEMENTIA
General Nursing Interventions
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 17 Substance Use and Addictive Disorders
ALCOHOL
Effect on the Family
Alcohol’s Impact on Health
Etiology of Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol Withdrawal
Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
OTHER SUBSTANCES
Etiology of Substance Use Disorders
Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS (INCLUDING ALCOHOL)
General Nursing Interventions
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 18 Eating Disorders
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
SYMPTOMS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Etiology of Anorexia Nervosa
TREATMENT OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA
BULIMIA
Symptoms of Bulimia
Etiology of Bulimia
Treatment of Bulimia
BINGE EATING DISORDER
MORBID OBESITY
Etiology of Morbid Obesity
Treatment of Morbid Obesity
NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH EATING DISORDERS
General Nursing Interventions for Patients With Eating Disorders
Review Questions
Key Points
UNIT THREE Special Populations
CHAPTER 19 Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health Issues
DEPRESSION, BIPOLAR DISORDER, AND SUICIDE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Suicide
Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Suicidal Behavior
Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents With Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Suicidal Behavior
General Nursing Interventions
ATTENTION DEFICIT- HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Treatment of Children and Adolescents With ADHD
Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
General Nursing Interventions
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Treatment of Children and Adolescents with ASD
Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents With ASD
General Nursing Interventions
CONDUCT DISORDER
Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder
Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder
General Nursing Interventions
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 20 Postpartum Issues in Mental Health
POSTPARTUM BLUES
Treatment of Postpartum Blues
POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION
Treatment of Postpartum Depression
POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS
Treatment of Postpartum Psychosis
NURSING CARE OF WOMEN WITH POSTPARTUM MENTAL DISORDERS
General Nursing Interventions
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 21 Aging Population
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND OTHER COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (STROKE)
Depression Associated With CVA
Aphasia
DEPRESSION IN THE OLDER ADULT
MEDICATION CONCERNS
PARANOID THINKING
INSOMNIA
END-OF-LIFE ISSUES
SOCIAL CONCERNS
NURSING SKILLS FOR WORKING WITH OLDER ADULTS
RESTORATIVE NURSING
PALLIATIVE CARE
Key Points
Review Questions
CHAPTER 22 Abuse and Violence
THE ABUSER
THE VICTIM
CATEGORIES OF ABUSE
Child Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Intimate Partner Violence
Elder Abuse
TREATMENT OF ABUSE
NURSING CARE OF VICTIMS OF ABUSE
General Nursing Interventions
Key Points
Review Questions
APPENDIX A Answers and Rationales
CHAPTER 1
History of Mental Health Nursing
CHAPTER 2
Basics of Communication
CHAPTER 3
Ethics, Evidence-Based Practice, and Regulations
CHAPTER 4
Developmental Psychology Throughout the Life Span
CHAPTER 5
Sociocultural Influences on Mental Health
CHAPTER 6
Nursing Process in Mental Health
CHAPTER 7
Stress, Coping, and Defense Mechanisms
CHAPTER 8
Medications and Other Therapies
CHAPTER 9
Complementary and Alternative Treatment Modalities
CHAPTER 10
Anxiety, Somatic Symptom Disorders, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
CHAPTER 11
Depressive Disorders
CHAPTER 12
Bipolar Disorders
CHAPTER 13
Suicide
CHAPTER 14
Personality Disorders
CHAPTER 15
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
CHAPTER 16
Neurocognitive Disorders: Delirium and Dementia
CHAPTER 17
Substance Use and Addictive Disorders
CHAPTER 18
Eating Disorders
CHAPTER 19
Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health Issues
CHAPTER 20
Postpartum Issues in Mental Health
CHAPTER 21
Aging Population
CHAPTER 22
Abuse and Violence
APPENDIX B Agencies That Help People Who Have Threats to Their Mental Health
APPENDIX C Organizations That Support the Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse
APPENDIX D Standards of Nursing Practice for LPNs/LVNs
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES (NALPN) CODE FOR LICENSED PRACTICAL/VOCATIONAL NURSES
NALPN NURSING PRACTICE STANDARDS
Introductory Statement
Standards
Education
Legal/Ethical Status
Practice
CONTINUING EDUCATION
SPECIALIZED NURSING PRACTICE
APPENDIX E Assigning Nursing Diagnoses to Client Behaviors
Glossary
Index
