Grounded in an explicit focus on men's roles and responsibilities in the fight against sexual harassment, this book creates a deeper understanding of why sexual harassment against women occurs and how we, as a society, can better respond to and prevent it.
Integrating theoretical analyses with empirical data from interviews with 25 Danish men, the author argues that if we want to eradicate the social and cultural tolerance of sexual harassment and the victim blaming of women, then we need a paradigm-shifting perspective. This book investigates the framing of the debates on sexual harassment, just as it looks deeper into the socialization processes of men, and raises the question of why so many men feel entitled to sexually harass women. This book also explores what part men can play in combating sexual harassment, emphasizing that it is important not only to see men as perpetrators, but also as empowered bystanders. It argues that the #MeToo movement constitutes a potential instructive moment, presenting men with an opportunity for change.
Author(s): Kenneth Reinicke
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 260
City: Cham
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 The Point of Departure
1.2 Why Focus on Men?
1.3 Bad Men or Mad Men?
1.4 Men as Allies
1.5 The Interview Material
1.6 Data Analysis
1.7 Overview of the Book
References
2 The Concept of Sexual Harassment
2.1 Basic Definitions
2.2 Who Is Violated by Sexual Harassment?
2.3 The Consequences of Sexual Harassment
2.4 Societal Explanations of Sexual Harassment
2.4.1 The Biological Model
2.4.2 The Sociocultural Model
2.4.3 The Organizational Model
2.4.4 Sex-Role Spillover Model
2.4.5 The Four-Factor Model
2.5 Reading About Women’s Experiences
2.6 The Crime Paradox
2.7 Women’s Reactions
2.8 Sexual Harassment Versus Being Flattered
2.9 Summary
References
3 The Danish #MeToo Context
3.1 The Nordic Countries
3.2 Politics of Masculinities in Denmark
3.3 The First #MeToo Wave: 2017–2018
3.4 The Second #MeToo Wave: 2020
3.5 The Debate About the Sexual Assault Law
3.6 Summary
References
4 Why Have Men Not Been Held Responsible?
4.1 Hegemonic Masculinity
4.2 Men and Gender Equality
4.3 Men and Feminism
4.4 Men’s Negative Health Outcomes
4.5 The Invisibility of Men’s Destructive Behaviour
4.6 The Gender-Neutral Approach
4.7 Stories from Popular Culture That Defend Sexual Harassment
4.8 The Man Box
4.9 Non-Hegemonic Masculinities
4.10 Ethnicity and Violence
4.11 Summary
References
5 Who Perpetrates Sexual Harassment and Why
5.1 Socio-demography
5.2 The Social-Psychological Model
5.3 Typological Descriptions
5.4 Social Bonding
5.5 Peer Pressure and Lad Culture
5.6 Youth and Rape Culture
5.7 The Penetration Norm
5.8 Do Men Know When They Violate Someone’s Boundaries?
5.9 When Sexual Harassment Is ‘Allowed’
5.10 When Men Are Exposed to Inappropriate Sexual Behaviour
5.11 Summary
References
6 Men’s Responses to #MeToo
6.1 Positive Reactions
6.2 Defensive Reactions
6.3 Men’s Overall Responses in Denmark
6.4 The Attitude of the Interviewed Men Towards #MeToo
6.5 The Debate Is Important, but…
6.6 Has #MeToo Changed Their Views on Sexual Harassment?
6.7 Summary
References
7 Flirting After #MeToo
7.1 Does No Always Mean No?
7.2 The Missing Language
7.3 The Consent Law
7.4 Does Sexual Harassment Have a Statute of Limitations?
7.5 Naming the Perpetrator
7.6 Summary
References
8 Will Men Take a Stand?
8.1 The Bystander Approach
8.2 Why Do Men Not Challenge Other Men’s Sexist Attitudes?
8.3 Talking to Male Friends About #MeToo
8.4 The Challenge of Having to Intervene When Other Men Sexually Harass Someone
8.5 Speaking Publicly About #MeToo and Feminism
8.6 How to Walk into ‘New Man’s Land’?
8.7 Educational Initiatives
8.8 Engaging Boys
8.9 It Is Not Just ‘the Bad Boys’ Who Sexually Harass
8.10 An Eye Opener
8.11 Summary
References
9 Conclusion
References
References
Index
