Memory Evolutive Systems; Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition

Cover......Page 1
How Can Complexity Be Characterized?......Page 2
Cognitive Systems......Page 3
Why Resort to a Model?......Page 4
Different Types of Models......Page 5
The Limitations of Classical Models......Page 6
Higher Vertebrates Nervous System......Page 7
A Hierarchical Business Enterprise......Page 9
Evolutive Systems......Page 10
Net of Internal Regulators and Memory......Page 11
With What Tools?......Page 13
Part A: Hierarchy and Emergence......Page 14
Part C: Application to Cognition and Consciousness......Page 15
Acknowledgements......Page 16
Part A. Hierarchy and Emergence......Page 18
Nets of Interactions and Categories......Page 22
Objects and Relations......Page 23
Definition of a Graph......Page 24
Supplementary Properties......Page 25
Categories and Functors......Page 26
Some History......Page 27
Definition of a Category......Page 28
Some More Definitions......Page 30
Functors......Page 32
Categories in Systems Theory......Page 33
Configuration Categories of a System......Page 34
Fields of an Object......Page 36
The Category of Paths of a Graph......Page 38
Comparison between Graphs and Categories......Page 39
Labelled Categories......Page 40
A Concrete Example......Page 41
Mathematical Examples of Categories......Page 43
Categories with at Most One Arrow between Two Objects......Page 44
Categories with a Unique Object......Page 45
Categories of Mathematical Structures......Page 46
Patterns and Their Collective Links......Page 50
Pattern in a Category......Page 51
Collective Links......Page 54
Operating Field of a Pattern......Page 56
Colimit of a Pattern......Page 57
The Mathematical Concept of a Colimit......Page 58
The Binding Problem......Page 60
Decompositions of an Object......Page 62
Comparison of the Sum to the Colimit......Page 63
Some Concrete Examples......Page 65
Societies......Page 66
Colimits of Sets......Page 67
Colimits for Graphs......Page 68
Local Area Nets, Selected Nets......Page 69
Central Node......Page 70
Creation of a Central Node......Page 71
Inter-Area Nets......Page 72
P-Factors of a Link Towards a Complex Object......Page 74
Links Mediated by a Pattern......Page 75
Link Binding a Perspective......Page 77
An Immune System......Page 79
Field of a Pattern......Page 80
Clusters......Page 81
Composition of Clusters......Page 83
Simple Links......Page 84
Representative Sub-Patterns......Page 86
Comparison Link......Page 87
Representative Sub-Pattern......Page 88
Patterns with the Same Colimit......Page 90
Connected Patterns......Page 91
Multiplicity Principle and Complex Links......Page 93
Hierarchies......Page 95
Hierarchical Categories......Page 96
Examples......Page 98
Ramifications of an Object and Iterated Colimits......Page 100
Obstacles to a Pure Reductionism......Page 103
Reduction of an Iterated Colimit......Page 105
Complexity Order of an Object......Page 106
In Geopolitics......Page 107
n-Multifold Objects......Page 108
Complexification and Emergence......Page 110
Image of a Pattern by a Functor......Page 111
Replacement of a Category by a Larger One......Page 112
Preservation and Deformation of Colimits......Page 114
Limits......Page 115
Options on a Category......Page 118
Complexification......Page 119
Examples......Page 121
Absorption and Elimination of Elements......Page 122
Simple Adjoining of Colimits......Page 123
’Forcing’ of Colimits......Page 124
First Step......Page 125
Construction of the Complexification......Page 126
Construction of the Links......Page 127
Complexification Theorem......Page 129
Examples......Page 130
Mixed Complexification......Page 131
Successive Complexifications: Based Hierarchies......Page 132
Sequence of Complexifications......Page 133
Based Hierarchies......Page 135
Emergent Properties in a Based Hierarchy......Page 137
Emergentist Reductionism......Page 139
The Emergence Problem......Page 140
Causality Attributions......Page 141
Part B. Memory Evolutive Systems......Page 144
Mechanical Systems......Page 148
Biological and Social Systems......Page 149
Characteristics of the Proposed Model......Page 150
Time Scale......Page 151
Configuration Category at Time t......Page 152
Transition from t to tprime......Page 153
Definition of an Evolutive System......Page 154
Components of an Evolutive System......Page 156
Boundary Problems......Page 159
Hierarchical Evolutive Systems......Page 162
Hierarchical Evolutive Systems Modelling Natural Systems......Page 163
Stability Span and Temporal Indices......Page 164
Stability Span......Page 165
Complex Identity......Page 166
Other Spans......Page 168
Propagation Delays......Page 171
Fibration Associated to an Evolutive System......Page 172
The Large Category of Evolutive Systems......Page 174
Internal Regulation and Memory Evolutive Systems......Page 176
General Behaviour......Page 177
The Co-Regulators......Page 178
Meaning of Information......Page 179
Several Types of Memory......Page 181
Different Properties of Memory......Page 182
Formation and Development of the Memory......Page 183
Definition of a Memory Evolutive System......Page 184
Function of a Co-Regulator......Page 187
Propagation Delays and Time Lags......Page 188
Local Dynamics of a Memory Evolutive System......Page 189
Phase 1: Construction of the Landscape (Decoding)......Page 190
Phase 2: Selection of Objectives......Page 193
Phase 3: Commands (Encoding) of the Procedure, and Evaluation......Page 195
Structural and Temporal Constraints of a Co-Regulator......Page 199
Conflict between Procedures......Page 201
Interplay Among the Procedures......Page 202
Some Biological Examples......Page 204
Gene Transcription in Prokaryotes......Page 205
Innate Immune System......Page 206
Behaviour of a Tissue......Page 207
Changes in an Ecosystem......Page 208
Organization of a Business......Page 209
Publication of a Journal......Page 211
Different Causes of Dysfunction......Page 214
Phase 1: Formation of the Landscape......Page 215
Dyschrony......Page 217
Heterogeneous Co-Regulators......Page 218
Several Cases......Page 222
Dialectics between Co-Regulators......Page 223
Classical Analytic Models......Page 225
Comparison of Time Scales......Page 226
Mechanisms vs. Organisms......Page 227
On the Problem of Final Cause......Page 229
More on Causality in Memory Evolutive Systems......Page 230
Role of Time......Page 231
Biological Background......Page 232
The different co-regulators......Page 233
SOS Intervention......Page 234
Characteristics of Aging......Page 235
Decrease in the Stability of Components......Page 238
Increased Delays......Page 239
Theories Implicating Free Radicals......Page 240
Cellular Level......Page 241
Degradation of the Extra-Cellular Matrix......Page 242
Aging of the Nervous System......Page 243
Global Events......Page 244
Storage and Recall......Page 246
Formation of a Partial Record......Page 248
Formation and Recall of a Record......Page 250
Development of the Memory......Page 251
Complex Records......Page 252
Examples......Page 253
Procedural Memory......Page 254
Effectors Associated to a Procedure......Page 255
Basic Procedures......Page 257
Construction of the Procedural Memory......Page 258
Activator Links......Page 260
Recall of a Procedure......Page 261
Generalization of a Procedure......Page 262
Admissible Procedures......Page 263
Binding......Page 264
Selection of a Procedure by a Co-Regulator......Page 265
Operative Procedure and Evaluation......Page 266
Formation of New Procedures......Page 267
Evaluation Process and Storage in Memory......Page 268
Semantic Memory......Page 270
Pragmatic Classification with Respect to a Particular Attribute......Page 271
Formation of an E-Concept......Page 273
Links between E-Concepts......Page 276
Semantic Memory......Page 278
The Knowledge of the System......Page 281
Acquisition of Knowledge by a Society......Page 282
Construction of an Instrument......Page 283
Hidden Reality......Page 284
Part C. Application to Cognition and Consciousness......Page 286
Neurons and Synapses......Page 288
Coordination Neurons and Assemblies of Neurons......Page 289
Synchronous Assemblies of Neurons......Page 290
Binding of a Synchronous Assembly......Page 291
The Evolutive System of Neurons......Page 293
Cat-Neurons as Colimits of Synchronous Assemblies......Page 294
Interactions between Cat-Neurons......Page 296
Higher Level Cat-Neurons......Page 298
Extended Hebb Rule......Page 300
The Evolutive System of Cat-Neurons......Page 301
The Memory Evolutive Neural System......Page 303
The Memory of an Animal......Page 304
The Memory as a Hierarchical Evolutive System......Page 305
A Modular Organization: The Net of Co-Regulators......Page 306
Storage and Retrieval by a Co-Regulator......Page 308
Formation of Records......Page 310
Procedures and their Evaluation......Page 313
Physiological Drives and Reflexes......Page 316
Conditioning......Page 317
Evaluating Co-Regulators and Value-Dominated Memory......Page 319
Semantic Memory......Page 322
Perceptual Categorization......Page 323
Concept with Respect to an Attribute......Page 324
The Semantic Memory......Page 327
Recall of a Concept......Page 331
The Archetypal Core and Its Fans......Page 333
Extension of the Archetypal Core: The Experiential Memory......Page 335
Conscious Processes......Page 338
Intentional Co-Regulators......Page 339
Global Landscape......Page 340
Properties of the Global Landscape......Page 342
The Retrospection Process......Page 343
Prospection and Long-Term Planning......Page 344
Evolutionary, Causal and Temporal Aspects of Consciousness......Page 345
Qualia......Page 346
The Role of Quantum Processes......Page 347
Self-Consciousness and Language......Page 348
Binding Process with Multiple Realizability (Degeneracy)......Page 349
Consciousness......Page 350
Interpretation in Our Model......Page 351
Consciousness......Page 352
Multi-Colimit......Page 354
Local Colimit......Page 356
Examples......Page 357
Construction of Hyperstructures......Page 358
Comparison with Memory Evolutive Systems......Page 359
Examples......Page 360
Bibliography......Page 362
List of Figures......Page 380
Index......Page 384