This book highlights recent findings of membrane - based dye removal methods along with the application of photocatalytic, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane including membrane – based fibers, metal-organic frameworks, polyethersulfone, ceramic, etc. Among water and wastewater pollutants, dyes have been normally observed and detected in various aquatic solutions, including rivers and lakes. Aesthetic pollution, toxicity, persistent, and carcinogenicity are some of the adverse effects of dyes entering the ecosystem. Although dyes have brought a colourful world, their presence in the environment are responsible for adverse effects on the planet. Diverse physical, chemical and biological methods are available to treat dye contaminated water. This book presents membrane separation technology that has been developed in the past decade to treat different wastewaters, and owning to its effective performance, has garnered the attention of academia and industry alike.
Author(s): Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, Ali Khadir
Series: Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 310
City: Singapore
Contents
About the Editors
An Introduction to Membrane-Based Systems for Dye Removal
1 Introduction
2 Membrane Technology for Wastewater Treatment
2.1 Microfiltration
2.2 Ultrafiltration Membrane
2.3 Nanofiltration Membrane
2.4 Reverse Osmosis
2.5 Forward Osmosis (FO)
3 Membrane-Based Bioelectrochemical Cells
3.1 Microbial Desalination Cell
3.2 Osmotic Microbial Fuel Cell
3.3 Pressurized Filtration–Microbial Fuel Cells
4 Advantages and Limitations of Membrane-Based Methods
5 Conclusions
References
Technical Aspects of Nanofiltration for Dyes Wastewater Treatment
1 Introduction
2 Types of Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Application in Dyes Treatment
3 Modelling and Calculations for Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes
4 Conclusions
References
Application of Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology for Removal of Dyes from Wastewater
1 Introduction
2 Classification, Sources, Occurrence and Health Effects of Dyes
2.1 Natural Dyes
2.2 Synthetic Dyes
3 Fundamentals of a Membrane System in Ultrafiltration
3.1 Advances in Membrane Technology
3.2 UF Membrane Challenges
4 Applications of Ultrafiltration Membrane for Removal of Dyes
5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives in UF Membrane Applications for Dye Removal from Wastewater
References
Progression and Application of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor for Dye Removal: An Overview
1 Introduction
2 Dyes Classification
3 Dye Degradation Using Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor
3.1 Mechanism of Photocatalysis in Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution
3.2 Design of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor (PMR)
4 Selected Case Studies
4.1 Photocatalytic Membrane Bioreactor (PMBR)
4.2 C-TiO2-CFA/PAN Photocatalytic Membranes
4.3 Solar Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor with Fe3+-Doped ZnO/polyester
5 Conclusion
References
Fibrous Membranes for Water Purification: Focusing on Dye Removal
1 Introduction
2 Features of Fibrous Membrane
3 Factors Affecting Efficiency of Fibrous Membrane for Dye Removal
4 Methods of Fibrous Membrane Fabrication
5 Organic Polymer Membrane
5.1 Polyacrylonitrile Composite Membrane
5.2 Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers
5.3 Polyaniline Membrane
5.4 Polydopamine Membrane
5.5 Polyethylenimine Membrane
5.6 Polyvinyl Alcohol Membrane
5.7 Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
5.8 Miscellaneous Organic Membranes
6 Metal–Organic Frame Work (MOF)
7 Cyclodextrin (CD) Modified Membrane
8 Cellulose Membrane
9 Chitosan Composite Membrane
10 Modification of Membrane with Protein
11 Laccase Immobilized Membrane
12 Biomass-Based Membrane Adsorbents
13 Silica-Based Membrane
14 Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs)-Modified Membrane
15 Clay-Based Membrane
16 Miscellaneous Membrane Materials
17 Future Horizons
References
Preparation and Application of Chitosan-Based Membrane: Focusing on Dye Removal
1 Introduction
2 Chitosan Biopolymer
2.1 Preparation of Chitosan from Chitin
2.2 Structure and Properties of Chitosan
3 Chitosan-Based Membranes
3.1 Definition
3.2 Preparation
3.3 Physicochemical Properties
3.4 Types and Uses of Chitosan-Based Membranes
4 Chitosan Composite Membranes
4.1 Chitosan/Activated Carbon Membrane
4.2 Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes Membrane
4.3 Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Membrane
4.4 Chitosan/Nano Clay Membrane
4.5 Chitosan/MgO Membrane
4.6 Chitosan/Zeolite A Membrane
4.7 Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Membrane
4.8 Chitosan/Cellulose Nanocrystals Membrane
4.9 Chitosan/Cellulose Nanofiber Membrane
5 Methods of Characterization
5.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
5.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
5.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
5.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
5.5 X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
5.6 Tensile Tests
5.7 Contact Angle
5.8 Porosity and Surface Area
6 State-of-the-Art Review on Dye Removals Using Chitosan-Based Membranes
6.1 Review on Dye Removals by Adsorption Technology
6.2 Review on Regeneration and Reusability
6.3 Review on Comparative Study
7 Conclusion and Remarks
References
Lignin-Based Membrane for Dye Removal
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of Dye Removal
1.2 Environment Concerns
1.3 Lignin as Solution
1.4 Azo Dyes
2 Lignin
2.1 Lignin Structure
2.2 Properties of Lignin
2.3 Types of Lignin
2.4 Extraction Methods of Lignin
3 Lignin-Based Materials
3.1 Adsorption of Cationic Dyes
3.2 Lignin-Based Hydrogels
3.3 Lignin Membranes
4 Dyes Degraded by Lignin Decomposing Enzymes
4.1 Lignin-Degrading Enzymes
5 Conclusions
References
Metal–Organic Frameworks Membranes
1 Introduction
2 Methods for Dye Removal
2.1 Biological Methods for Dye Removal
2.2 Chemical Methods for Dye Removal
2.3 Physical Methods for Dye Removal
2.4 Adsorption Process as a Dye Removal Method
3 MOF Boosted Membrane Technology
3.1 (MOF-Plus) Membranes
3.2 (MOF-As) Membranes
3.3 (MOF-On) Membranes
3.4 (MOF-In) Membranes
4 Key Features for MOF Boosted Membranes
4.1 Dispersibility
4.2 Hydrophobicity/Hydrophilicity
4.3 Stability
5 Important Factors for MOFs in Membrane-Based Aqueous Solution Separations
6 MOF-Based Membranes Design Strategies
6.1 Continuous Method
6.2 Composite System
7 MOF Boosted Membranes Solution, Challenges, and Future Prospects
8 Conclusion
References
Polyethersulfone and Its Derivatives as Membrane Materials for Dye Removal from Water
1 Membrane Filtration Technology in Dye Wastewater Treatment
1.1 Polyethersulfone as Membrane Material for Dye Removal
2 Modification of PES Membranes
2.1 Modification of PES Membranes by Organic/Polymeric Molecules
2.2 Modification of PES Membranes by Inorganic Molecules
2.3 Modification of PES Membranes by Polymeric and Inorganic Molecules
2.4 Modification of PES Membranes by Carbonaceous Nanomaterials
3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Cross-Linked Polymer-Based Adsorbents and Membranes for Dye Removal
1 Introduction
2 Cross-Linked Polymers Based on Natural and Synthetic Polysaccharides: Starch, Chitosan, Cellulose, and Cyclodextrins
2.1 Cross-Linked Systems Based on Cellulose
3 Cross-Linked Systems Based on Starch
4 Cross-Linked Systems Based on Chitosan
5 Cross-Linked Systems Based on Cyclodextrins (CDs)
6 Polymeric Composites and Synthetic Polymers
7 Conclusion
References
Ceramic Nanocomposite Membranes for Dye Removal
1 Introduction
2 Membrane Technologies
3 Ceramic Membranes
3.1 Structure and Properties of Ceramic Membranes
3.2 Fabrication of Ceramic Membranes
3.3 Hybrid Ceramic Membranes
4 Membrane Processes
5 Application of Ceramic Membranes in Dye Removal
6 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
