The information presented in this monograph is not intended to be an up to date review
on melioidosis; rather, we have endeavoured to provide the reader with a comprehensive
insight into what has been achieved in the last hundred years. It is considered frivolous
in today's electronic age, where research excellence is judged by impact factors and
citation indices, to request researchers to contribute to monographs that would be outdated
even: before being ~eset. However, several investigators and c1inicians, especially those
working in melioidosis-endemic regions, recognise a need for such a publication.
Author(s): Natkunam Ketheesan
Publisher: Elvesier B.V.
Year: 2012
Language: English
City: Townsville
Tags: Melioidosis, history, epidemiology
Contents
Preface............................................................................ v
List of Contributors ............................................................... xii
Section 1. Historical Overview ........................ "...................... 1
Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
D.A.B. Dance
1.1. An account of the discovery of a hitherto undescribed infective disease
occurring among the population of Rangoon [reprinted from Indian Medical
Gazette, July 1912, pages 262-267] .......................................... 4
A. Whitmore, CS Krishnaswami
1.2. Milestones in the history of melioidosis ...................................... 10
D.A.B. Dance
I.3. World Melioidosis Congresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SD. Puthucheary
Section II. Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
D.A.B. Dance, S.D. Puthucheary
11.1. Melioidosis as an emerging disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
D.A.B~ Dance
11.2. fpidemiology of melioidosis in Thailand .................................... 37
S. Wongratanacheewin, S Sirisinha
II.3. Epidemiology of melioidosis in Malaysia and Singapore..................... 43
SD. Puthucheary
vii
viii Contents
lIA. Epidemiology of melioidosis in Australia and the Pacific region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
A. C. Cheng, B.J. Currie
Section III. Microbiology of Burkholderia pseudomallei ............. . . . . 57
Editorial overview ............................................................ '.. . .. 58
B.L. Govan, J.D. Boyce
III.l. Molecular characterisation and classification of Burkholderia pseudomallei . 60
B.L. Govan
1II.2. The Burkholderia pseudomallei genome - an emerging model for
microbial complexity and pathogen virulence .............................. 68
T. Nandi, P Tan
III.3. Genomic islands in Burkholderia pseudomallei ............................. 82
A. Tuanyok
IlIA. Virulence determinants in Burkholderia pseudomallei: Opportunist or
accidentaI pathogen? ....................................................... 87
IR. Beacham, Y. Hara, S. Nathan, IR. Peak
I1I.5. Lipopolysaccharide as a virulence factor of Burkholderia pseudomallei . . . . . 99
B. Ernst, s.p Sivalingam, G. Tan
Section Iv. Clinical manifestations of melioidosis ......................... 109
Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
A. C. Cheng, B.J. Currie
IV]. Clinical features of acute melioidosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
B.J. Currie, W Chaowagul, A. C. Cheng
IY.2. Chronic melioidosis, relapse and latency .................................... 120
D. Limmathurotsakul, G. C.K. W Koh, s.J. Peacock, B.J. Currie
IV3. Clinical risk factors for melioidosis ......................................... 130
A. C. Cheng, D. Limmathurotsakul, WJ. Wiersinga, Y. Supputamongkol, B.J. Currie
IY.4. Paediatric melioidosis ....................................................... 141
P Lumbiganon, A. C. Cheng, B.J. Currie
Contents ix
Section V. Laboratory diagnosis and detection ............................ 147
Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
R. Norton, V. Wuthiekanun
VI. Isolation and identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical samples 150
MB. Glass, A.L. Walsh
V2. The serological diagnosis of melioidosis ..................................... 160
N Chantratita, G. Lertmemongkolchai, V. Wuthiekanun, R. Norton
V3. The molecular detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei....................... 168
G. Lertmemongkolchai, P Khaenam, R. Norton
V4. Medical imaging in melioidosis .............................................. 174
S. Ramsay
Section VI. Treatment of melioidosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 181
Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
D. Lim~athurotsakul, Sil. Peacock
VI.l. Parenteral antimicrobial therapy for melioidosis
W Chierakul, P Chetchotisakd
VI.2. Oral antimicrobial therapy for melioidiosis
D. Limmathurotsakul, G. c.K. W Koh, s.J. Peacock
185
197
VI.3. Management of patients with severe melioidosis in intensive care .......... 209
T.E. West, A. C. Cheng
VI.4. Management of accidentaI exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei ......... 220
SJ Peacock, BJ Currie
VI.5. Mechanisms of Burkholderia pseudomallei antimicrobial resistance ........ 229
H.P Schweizer
Section II. Pathogenesis and development of protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 239
Editorial bverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
WJ. Wiersinga, J.L. Morris
VII.l. Models of infection ........................................................ 242
s.P Siualingam, G. C. Ulett, M Nelson
x Contents
VIL2. Initiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection .......................... 257
Y.H Gan, T.E. West, S. Sirisinha
VII.3. Host-pathogen interactions in melioidosis............................ ..... 269
WJ Wiersinga, T. Weehuizen, K Breitbach, I. Steinmetz
VIlA. Development of protection ............................................ . . . . 282
JL. Morris, KA. Hodgson, N Ketheesan
VIL5. Strategies for the development of vaccines.. ........ ............. .. ... ... .. 300
R. W Titball, M Sarkar-ryson, G. Lertmemongkolchai, G.J Bancroft
Section vm. Melioidosis in animaIs ........................................ 311
Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
C.M Rush
VIII.!. Melioidosis in animaIs ..................................................... 313
C.M Rush, A.D. Thomas
Section IX. Burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment .............. 337
Editorial overview ................................................................. 338
M Kaestli, D.M Wagner
IX.!. Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei 340
T. Pearson, E.P. Priee, A. Tuanyok, P. Keim
IX.2. Presence and sampling of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil ............... 349
D. Limmathurotsakul, V. Wuthiekanun, A. Tuanyok, s.J Peacock
IX.3. Burkholderia pseudomallei in water......................................... 358
T.JJ lnglis, MJ Mayo
IXA. The association of Burkholderia pseudomallei with plants and mycorrhizal
fungi ....................................................................... 365
A. Leuy, A. Baker
IX.5. The influence of anthropogenic environmental changes upon
Burkholderia pseudomallei ................................................. 371
M Kaestli, J Wamer
Contents xi
Section X. Other Burkholderia species ...................................... 377
Editorial overview ................................................................. 378
D. DeShazer
X.l. Burkholderia thailandensis................................................... 380
J.P Audia, MN Burtnick, PJ. Brett
X.2. Burkholderia mallei.......................................................... 391
D.M. Ramsey, PJ. Brett, M.N Burtnick
