Mediterranean Architecture and the Green-Digital Transition: Selected Papers from the World Renewable Energy Congress Med Green Forum 2022

Contents
Part I: CITIES: Healthy, Augmented and Resilient Cities
Toward Sustainable Regeneration in Central Urban Areas
1 Introduction
2 The Requirements of Sustainable Urbanism
2.1 Densification Through “Brownfield Development”
2.2 Recycling Historic Complexes and Buildings
2.3 Livable Public Spaces
2.4 Good Mixed-Use and Promotion of Culture
2.5 Ecological Sensitivity
3 Exemplary Cases
3.1 Ghirardelli Square, San Francisco, USA (1962–1967, 1982–1984)
3.2 Bulvar Shopping and Recreation Centre, Samsun, Turkey (1887, 2009–2012)
3.3 The High Line, New York (1999–2011)
4 Conclusions
References
Urban Regeneration Processes of Public Housing in the Mediterranean Area: A Multiscale and Multisystem Approach
1 Introduction
2 International and National Framework
3 Context and Case Study
4 Methodology
5 Experimental Application
6 Results and Conclusions
References
Energy Communities and Smart Villages in the Madonie Sicilian Inner Rural Area
1 The Madonie District and the Energy Communities as Drivers of Smart Villages
2 EUROPE, PNRR, and Energy Community Policies
3 Finding New Energy Strategies: The Wind Power Opportunity
4 The Benefits of the Energy Communities in Italy
5 A Blue Green Energy Project Inside the Madonie Area
6 Conclusions
References
Environmental Data-Driven Design for the Management of Climate-Adaptive Environmental Design Processes of the Built Environment
1 Introduction
2 Definition of an Algorithmic Methodological Framework
2.1 The Investigation Phases
2.2 The Development of the Algorithm for the Simulation of Conditions Outdoor
2.3 The Development of the Algorithm for the Simulation of Door Conditions
2.4 The Analysis of the Perception of Indoor and Outdoor Comfort
3 Results
3.1 The Climate-Adaptive Strategy for the Redevelopment of Open Space
3.2 The Performance Adaptation of the Building for the Improvement of Indoor Environmental Conditions
3.3 The Combination of Indoor and Outdoor Strategies
4 Conclusion
References
Energy, Resource Circularity, and Retrofitting in Positive Energy Districts
1 Introduction
2 Adaptation and Mitigation
3 Circularity
4 Energy
5 Retrofitting
6 PEDS: Positive Energy Districts
7 Ecobarrio De Trinitat Nova, Barcelona, Spain
8 Casanova, Bolzano, Italy
9 Grenoble-Alpes Métropole, Grenoble, France
10 Conclusion
References
An Urban Infrastructure as Quality City Connector in a Multistakeholder Approach
1 Introduction
2 Integrated Sustainable Mobility
2.1 More Security Is More Mobility
2.2 Rediscovery of “Residual” Urban Routes
3 The Greenway “Fluvia” of Pescara
3.1 The Greenway as an Urban Distribution Axis
3.2 The FLUvia Ecomuseum Between Material and Immaterial
4 Conclusion
References
Urban Green Infrastructure for Planning Sustainable Communities: A Methodological Approach to Assess the Effects on the Territories
1 Introduction
2 From Gray Infrastructure to Urban Green Infrastructure
3 Methodology and Results of the Case Study
3.1 Case Study Description
3.2 Construction of the Intervention Scenario and Impact Estimates of Project Alternatives
4 Conclusion
References
Building a Healthier Living Environment for People and the Planet: A Case Study Review
1 Introduction
2 Correlations Between Health and Building-Related Factors
3 Research Strategy and Methodology
4 Conclusion
References
Learning from Small Green Spaces: How Findings on Use and Perception Can Improve the Designing of Urban Experience
1 Introduction
1.1 Small Green Spaces as Undervalued Urban Resource
1.2 Three Classes of Opportunity in Space
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Case Studies
2.2 The Research Design
3 Results
3.1 Patterns of Use
3.2 Practices
3.3 Opportunities for Social Activation
3.4 Other Opportunities and Perceptions
4 Discussion
4.1 Functional Indetermination and Non-normativity as Features Shaping SGS Experience
4.2 SGS and the City: Contrasting with Other Public Spaces
5 Conclusion
References
New Regeneration Scenarios to Improve the Livability in Villages
1 Living in Proximity: Small Villages as Alternative Housing Urban Models
2 Public Space Strategies: From Universal Design to Active Design
3 Building Stock Strategies for a Circular Regeneration
4 Methodology to Transfer of the Theoretical Model to a Case Study
4.1 Case Study
5 Conclusion
References
Agile-Transdisciplinary Conceptual Framework for Retrofitting Mediterranean Built Environments
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Methodology and Limitations
2.2 Agile Methodology—Introduction
2.3 Agile Methodology in Project Management and Software Development
3 How Does Scrum Model Work? [56, 57]
4 Framework Validation and Sprint Zero in Both Contexts
4.1 Framework Refinement—Further Sprints in Lasaifar Albalad
4.2 Sprint Two
4.3 A Nascent Practice and Promising Outcomes
5 Conclusion
5.1 Conceptual Framework Novelty
References
Part II: Buildings: Sustainable, Retrofitted and Renovated Buildings
Impact of Process Steps on the Performance of Heterojunction Solar Cells
1 Introduction
2 Experiment
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Active and Passive Energy Efficiency Systems Compatible with Traditional Buildings in Palestine
1 Introduction
2 Building Construction
3 Energy and Environmental Analyses Process
3.1 Visual Survey
3.2 Field Analyses
3.2.1 Heat Flux Meter Analysis
3.2.2 IR Thermography
3.2.3 Lighting
4 Design Interventions Scenarios
4.1 Description of the Proposed Interventions
4.1.1 Adding Thermal Insulation Material for the Second Floor’s Ceiling
4.1.2 Replacing Fluorescent Lamps with LED Lamps and Adding Motion Sensors
4.1.3 Install VRF System
4.1.4 Installing Solar Water Heaters on the Roof
4.1.5 Install Photovoltaic System on the Roof
5 EE-HBIM Model Development
6 Results
6.1 Description of the Scenarios
6.1.1 Short-Term Scenario
6.1.2 Middle-Term Scenario
7 Conclusion
References
Proposal of a Multiscalar Assessment Framework to Guide Renovation Actions Toward a More Resilient Built Environment
1 Introduction
2 The European Legislative Framework
3 Current Approaches Toward a “Flexible” Adaptability in Buildings
4 The Conceptualization of the Multi-criteria Support Tool
4.1 The Aim of the Proposed Decision Support Tool
5 Conclusion and Future Developments
References
Integrating Different PV Roofs on a Heritage Building Considering Aesthetic, Technical, Energy, and Environmental Aspects: A Multi-perspective Approach
1 Introduction
2 The Multi-perspective Approach
3 Case Study: Rustico Macchi
3.1 Focus Groups with Heritage Authority
3.2 Building Energy Simulation
4 Risk-Benefit Assessment
4.1 Assessment of the Indicators
4.2 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Experimental Tests for the Adaptation of a Curtain Wall Subjected to Extreme Events in the Mediterranean Area
1 Introduction
2 Aims and Objective
3 Methodological Structure
4 Test Procedure on the Curtain Wall
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Air Permeability Test
5.2 Water-tightness Performance Under Static Pressure
5.3 Water-Tightness Performance Under Dynamic Pressure
6 Conclusions and Future Development
References
Seismic Evaluation of a Curtain Wall System for Improving the Adaptive Performance of Connecting Nonstructural Components
1 Introduction
2 The Adaptive Character of Envelopes for Seismic Stresses
3 The Experimentation: Adaptive Performance of Connecting Nonstructural Components
3.1 Technical Specifications of Mock-Ups for Constructing Variables for the Simulation and Testing Phase
3.2 Simulation Phase
3.3 Testing on Mock-Up
4 Conclusion
References
Process Management of Spatial Structures to Address Positive Buildings with the Goals of Sustainable Development
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Design of Spatial Structure
2.2 Construction of Spatial Structures
2.3 Assembling and Installation Process
2.4 Maintaining and Repairing Operation Period
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Assessing Environmental Performance and Climate Change Mitigation Effects of Bio-based Materials for Building Retrofitting
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Description of the Case Study
2.2 Qualitative Observations on the Sustainability of the Retrofit Intervention
2.3 Quantitative Environmental Assessment
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Solar Architecture in Rome: The Refurbishment of Historic Buildings with Active Solar Technologies
1 Introduction
2 Aims and Methodology
3 Solar Architecture in Rome: Five Emblematic Case Studies
3.1 Museo Explora: The Children’s Museum in Rome
3.2 Città dell’Altra Economia at the Former Slaughterhouse of Rome
3.3 Sala Nervi, Aula Paolo VI: The Hall for Pontifical Audiences in the Vatican City
3.4 Uffici Ghella: An Office Building in the Center of Rome
3.5 Palazzo Leonori: An Insurance Office Building in the Center of Rome
4 Assessment of the Case Studies
5 Conclusions
References
Integration of Solar Technologies in Historical Buildings: Construction of an Evolutionary Framework of Good Practices
1 Introduction
2 Historic Building and Solar Radiation
3 Historic Building | Solar Energy: Integration of Renewables
4 Design Project, Evaluation, Criteria
5 Conclusion
References
Blow-Up Sustainable Modular Houses for Slum Dwellers Amid Covid-19
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Concept
4 Architectural Interventions and Innovation
4.1 Climate Resilience and Portability
4.2 Family Homes Expansion and Dynamic Modules
4.3 Dynamic Interior and Furniture
5 Cluster Design
5.1 Economical Security
5.2 Ecological Integrity
5.3 Social Well-Being
6 Sustainable Materials
7 Sustainable Technologies
8 Reaction to Covid-19
8.1 Effect of Covid-19 on Residential Scale
8.2 Effect on Urban Scale
9 Cost Estimation
10 Results
11 Conclusion
References
Part III: Technologies: Circular and Ecological Materials, Nature-Based Solutions for the Built Habitat
Low-Cost Procedure for Evaluating the Thermal Resistance of Building Materials
1 Introduction
2 Conceptual Framework and Background
2.1 Test Box Design and Construction
2.2 Experimental Setting and Testing Equipment
3 Preliminary Test and Evaluation of Thermal Resistance of a Certified Material
4 Evaluation of Different Materials’ R-Value
5 Conclusion
References
Global Catastrophe: Climate Change Is Happening Now, Renewable Energy Can Reduce Its Impact
1 Introduction
2 The Use of Renewable Energy
3 The Use of Photovoltaic Technology
4 Wind Energy Technology
5 Hydropower Potential
6 Tidal Power
7 Solar Thermal Applications
8 Geothermal Energy
9 Biomass and Biogas Technology
10 Waste-to-Energy (W-T-E)
11 Conclusions
References
Use of Vegetable Materials for Temporary Structures and Infrastructures
1 Introduction
2 Sustainable Choices as Dynamism Glue
3 Methodology
4 Conclusion
References
Green and Healthy Solutions in Post-pandemic Housing
1 Introduction
2 Resilient Responses in the Post-pandemic Through the Implementation Tools of the PINQua and the PNRR
2.1 PINQua: Porto Fluviale RecHouse, Design Examples
2.2 PNRR: Integrated Urban Plans (PUI): Corviale (Rome), Design Example
3 Intervention Strategies for Green and Healthy Housing in the Post-pandemic Scenario
3.1 Intervention Strategies Aimed at Natural Ventilation and Controlled Mechanical Ventilation
3.2 Intervention Strategies Aimed at Natural Lighting
4 Post-pandemic Walkable and Proximity Cities
4.1 Living in the Time of Pandemics: Design Examples
4.1.1 Living in the Blue Project—Milan Lambrate—Italy
4.1.2 The Sky of Asnières-Sur-Seine—Asnières-Sur-Seine—France
4.1.3 Urbangreen—Paris—France
5 Conclusion
References
Integration of Circular and Green Technologies for the Adaptive Reuse of Public Space
1 Introduction
2 Adaptive Reuse in Mediterranean Historical Centers
3 The Experimentation: Circular and Green Technologies for the Adaptive Reuse of Public Space. The Case Study in the Historical Center of Cosenza
3.1 Green Building Sites: The Relationship with the Context
3.2 Green Building System: Experimentation with Circular Technologies
3.3 Green Building Materials: The Solutions Adopted
4 Conclusion
References
Transitional Spaces as a Domain for Public–Private Engagement in Urban Regeneration
1 Introduction
2 The Cogne Neighborhood
2.1 A Test Case for an idea of the development of Urban Mountain Areas
2.2 A Strategy for Regeneration
2.3 Neighborhood and City-Level Strategies
2.4 Individual Strategies
2.5 Refurbishment of the Fresia Buildings
3 Analysis of Transitional Spaces
4 Conclusion
References
Marine Energy Sources for Decarbonization of Mediterranean Regions Through Maritime Spatial Planning
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Humans: Environmental Comfort and Well-Being, Energy Efficiency and Users’ Conscious Behaviour
Evaluation of Electrical Performance for 1.4 kW Photovoltaic System in Oman: A Technical and Economic Study
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Experimental Setup
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Rethinking the European Green Deal: Accelerating the Transformation Toward Energy Independence Based on 100% Renewable Energy
1 Introduction
2 Objectives of the European Green Deal
3 Components of the European Green Deal
4 Fit for 55 Package
5 REPowerEU
6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Prospects for Wind Energy in Southern Morocco and Northern Mauritania
1 Introduction
2 Statistical Characteristics of Wind Speed
2.1 Mean
2.2 Variance and Standard Deviation
2.3 Influence of the Period of Measurements on Wind Potential Assessment
2.3.1 Seasonal Variations
2.3.2 Diurnal (Daily) Variations
2.3.3 Interannual Variations
2.4 Distribution of Wind Frequencies
2.5 Vertical Profile of the Wind Relative to the Ground
2.6 Wind Roses
3 Wind Potential Available
4 Wind Energy
4.1 Electrical Sectors
4.2 Wind Electricity
5 Wind Energy Prospects
5.1 Wind Farms Under Construction or Development
5.2 Regional Electrical Grid
6 Conclusion
References
Co-design Inclusive Relations Between Humans and Environments Adopting a Citizen Science Approach
1 Introduction
2 Co-design of Ecosystem Services
3 Visions and Experimental Activities in the City of Bologna
4 Conclusions and Openness
References
The Influence of Individual Comfort in Shaping the Tourism Image of Balige
1 Introduction
1.1 Comfort
1.2 Tourism Image
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Comfort Aspects Based on the Environment
3.2 Comfort Aspects Based on Facilities
3.3 Comfort Aspects Based on Sociocultural Conditions
4 Conclusion
References
Feasibility of Integrating Small-Scale Anaerobic Digestion in Urban Areas: Analyzing Energy Efficiency
1 Introduction
2 Types of Small-Scale Anaerobic Digesters and Main Performance Parameters
2.1 Material and Methods
2.1.1 Digestion Plant Configuration
2.1.2 Description of Scenarios
2.2 Results and Discussion
2.2.1 Scenario 1
2.2.2 Scenario 2
2.2.3 Scenario 3
3 Conclusion
References
Dried-Fruit Shell Reuse in Green Construction and Building Materials
1 Introduction
2 The Scale of the Problem: Dried Fruit Bio-Wastes Quantities and Availability
2.1 Walnut Shell
2.2 Hazelnut Shell
2.3 Peanut Shell
2.4 Almond Shell
3 Dried-Fruit Shell Reuse for Green Applications in Construction
3.1 Thermosetting Polymer
3.2 Thermo-Soft Plastic
3.3 Mineral or Natural Binders
4 Conclusion
References
Functional Hospitals for Humans
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Flows, Layouts, Relations
2.2 Healthy and Health-Promoting Buildings
2.3 Healing Architecture
2.4 Inclusion, Accessibility
2.5 Resilience, Flexibility
3 Case Studies: Methodology
4 Case Studies: Results and Discussion
4.1 Flows and Accesses as the Matrix of the Project
4.2 Greenery and Art as Generators of the Project
5 Conclusion
References
Part V: Processes: Methods, Policies and Education for Inclusive Co-planning and Co-design
Artificial Cellulase-Type Catalysts for Depolymerization of Cellulosic Biomass
1 Introduction
2 Acidic Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Cellulose Hydrolysis
3 Immobilization of Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalysts
4 Conclusion
References
Learning from Collaborative Processes to Design the Urban Green Transition
1 Introduction
2 Paper Structure and Methodology
3 Insights from Three Collaborative Experiences in Bologna
3.1 The H2020 Rock Project: Shaping Urban Futures Through Collaborative Heritage Transmission
3.1.1 “The Five Squares” Re-Use and Greening Co-Design Project
3.2 The Atelier of ‘Urban Innovation Lab’, Bologna: A Community Space to Co-design the Future of Urban Transformations
3.3 The H2020 GRETA Project: Facilitate the Energy Transition Through the Active Participation of Citizens
4 Conclusions
References
Influence of Optical Characteristics of Façades on Pedestrian Thermal Comfort Within the Streets of Manhattan
1 Introduction
2 The Mollweide Projection
2.1 Equivalence Between the Area of the Sphere and Its Projection
2.2 Area of a Spherical Cap
2.3 Area of the Two Subdomains of a Disk Cut by a Line
2.4 Image of a Point of the Sphere in the Mollweide Projection
2.5 Mesh of a Sphere Made of Elements of the Same Area
3 Calculation of Radiative Exchanges
3.1 Case Study
3.2 Hypothesis
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Sustainable Real Estate Development: How to Measure the Level of Introduced Sustainability?
1 Introduction
2 ESG in the Real Estate Industry
2.1 Regulatory Framework
2.2 Framework for Assessing Sustainable Development in the Real Estate
2.3 State-of-the-Art Outcomes
3 Methodology
4 Matrix of Indicators
5 Matrix of Weights
6 Conclusion
References
Strategies for Frugal Smart Oasis: Figuig as Prospect
1 Introduction
2 Smart Cities
3 The Model of the Frugal Smart City
4 Figuig, as a Prospect
4.1 Context
4.2 Methodology
4.3 The 4 Criticalities of Figuig
5 Frugal Smart OasiS: Definition and Principles
6 Conclusion
References
A Simulation-Based Approach for Defining Energy Retrofit Strategies of Built Heritage Through the Use of H-Bim Tools
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Overview of the Workflow
2.2 The Case-Study Building
3 Building Analysis and Documentation
4 Creation of the H-Bim Model
5 H-BIM Model Export and Conversion for BES
6 Verification of the BES Model
7 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis, Optimization and Other Design Criteria
7.1 Optimization, Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis
7.2 Additional Selection Criteria for Energy Upgrade of Historic Buildings
8 Concluding Remarks
References
Generative Environmental Design Tools to Support Circular Economy at the Local Scale
1 Introduction
2 Introductory Notes on the Territorial Governance Plan (Pgt)
3 Tools to Support the Choice of High-Energy Performance Solutions
3.1 Maps on Building Shape Indicators to Assess Energy Needs
3.2 Maps on Local Availability of Solar Energy
4 Tools to Support the Choice of Renaturalization Interventions
4.1 Maps on Local Availability of Green Biomass
4.2 Maps on Local Availability of Rain Water
4.3 Maps on the Amount of Carbon and Nitrogen Emitted Through Organic Waste
5 Tools to Support the Applications of Technologies to Reduce Water Consumption and for the Reuse of Rainwater
6 Tools to Support the Use of Sustainable or Recycled Materials
7 Tools to Support Strategies for Sustainable Mobility
8 Conclusion
References
An Integrated Approach for Energy and Environmental Improvement of Built Heritage Through Building Information Modeling (BIM)
1 Introduction
2 Toward a New Sensitivity in Built Heritage Conservation
3 BPS and BIM Support to Energy and Environmental Improvement Intervention
4 The Integrated Approach of the Beep Project
5 Conclusion
References
Investigation on the Chance of Applying Bioclimatic Solutions for Ancient Architectures’ Regeneration
1 Introduction
2 Case Study, Orta Di Atella, Territorial Emergences
3 Morphological and Technological Survey
4 Parametric Screen System
5 Conclusion
References
Satellite Imagery and AI Techniques in Geospatial Analysis to Enhance Environmental Sustainability
1 Introduction
2 Geospatial Data Combined with AI
3 Fields of Application of GeoAI
4 Study Area
5 Material and Methods
6 Analysis and Discussion
6.1 NDVI Index Application on Rabat
6.2 EVI Index Application on Rabat
6.3 VARI Index Application on Rabat
7 Results
8 Conclusion
References
Living Lab for Technological Retrofit Design on Perceived Quality
1 Introduction
2 The Cultural and Strategic Background
3 The MedEcoSuRe Project
4 Comfort: Conditions and Performance of Eductional Buildings
5 First Phase of LiV:ing Lab: “Real Quality” Analysis
6 Second Phase of Liv:Ing Lab: Perceptive Analysis for Technological Retrofit Design
7 Conclusion
References
Part VI: Late Arrival Papers
Retrofitting of an Existing Building to Be a Sustainable, Vibrant, and Smart Building
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 Issues and Challenges
4 Methodology
5 The Study
5.1 Concept
5.2 Architecture Solutions
5.3 Environmental Solutions
5.3.1 Water
5.3.2 Energy
5.3.3 Sustainable Materials
5.3.4 Waste Cycle
5.4 Agriculture Solutions
5.4.1 The Productive Greenhouses
5.4.2 Seedbed
5.4.3 The Bio-Lake
6 Economical Solutions
6.1 Market Profile: Activities and Customers
6.2 Costs, Sources of Revenue, and Efficiency
6.2.1 Costs and Revenues
6.2.2 Main Variable Costs and Sources of Revenue
7 Social Solutions
8 Conclusion
References
Co-design Eco-Sustainable and Innovative Retrofit Scenarios in the University Context: The Experience of Bexlab
1 Introduction
2 Empowering the Role of University
3 Sensible Skin for Santa Verdiana: An Interdisciplinary Workshop with Students
3.1 Framework of the Workshop
3.2 Methodology
4 Conclusion
References
Building Digital Scenarios to Predict Energy-Efficient Renovations: The Experience of beXLab
1 Dealing with the Renovation Wave
2 The Enabling Role of Digital Technologies
3 Between the Existing and the Renewed: Building Digital Scenarios
4 The Case Study
4.1 Knowledge Framework
4.2 Analysis of Criticalities and Definition of Renovation KPI
4.3 Building Renovation Scenarios
4.4 Best Renovation Scenario
5 Conclusion and Future Works
References
Leachability of Spent Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-Treated Wood Encapsulated in Geopolymer Cement
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 CCA Decontamination
2.2 Geopolymer Cement Composite Mix Design
2.3 CCA Leaching from GPC-Wood Blocks
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 CCA Decontamination
3.2 CCA Leaching from GPC-Wood Blocks
4 Conclusion
References
Behind a ‘Senseable’ Green Building: The New Sistema Ambiente Headquarter
1 Introduction
2 Regenerate Industrial Areas: A Challenge and an Opportunity
3 A New Green Building in the Industrial Area of Lucca: The Design Competition
4 Behind the Winning Project: The Design Process
4.1 Behind the Project Concept: A Common Cultural and Regenerative Background
4.2 Concept Design Phase: Designing with Nature
4.3 Architectural Project: A New ‘Senseable’ Green Skin
4.4 Toward Zero Energy and Environmental Impacts
5 Conclusion
References
Towards the “Museum of the Future”: From Heritage Building Information Modelling to Virtual Reality for the Valorization of the Built Heritage of the City of Rabat
1 Introduction
2 Rabat – Culture Capital of the Islamic World
3 The Museum – Between Past and Future
3.1 The Roving Museum of the Future: A Model in the Making
4 Case Study: Chellah’s Gate
4.1 HBIM Process
4.2 Virtual Reality and 3D Printing
4.3 Exhibition
5 Conclusion
References
Urban Resilience and Climate Change: Risks and Impacts Linked to Human Behaviours in the Age of COVID-19
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 COVID-19 and Its Effect on Humans’ Behaviour
3.1 How Humans’ Behaviour Affects the Resilience of a City
3.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Climate Change
3.3 How Daily Activities Contribute to Climate Change?
3.3.1 Impacts of Contributing These Activities to Climate Change
4 Methodology
5 Inequality and COVID-19
5.1 Making the Low-Carbon Transition Goal Part of the Post-COVID-19 Response
6 Humans’ Behaviour and Their Daily Activity
6.1 Case Studies and Assessment
6.2 Calculation of Carbon Emissions That Resulted from Daily Activities
7 Results and Discussions
7.1 Carbon Emitted from Human Activities by Virtue of the US Carbon Calculator
8 Discussions
9 Conclusions and Recommended Solutions
References
Index