Mechanics of Materials

Cover......Page 1
Half-Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Title Page......Page 5
Visual Contents......Page 7
Contents......Page 8
To the Instructor......Page 10
Resources for Students......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 12
About the Author......Page 13
1 Introduction......Page 18
1.1 Why Study Mechanics of Materials?......Page 20
1.2 How Mechanics of Materials Predicts Deformation and Failure......Page 22
1.3 Review of Statics—Forces, Subsystems, and Free Body Diagrams......Page 24
1.4 Review of Statics—Representing Force Interactions Simply......Page 26
1.5 Review of Statics—Conditions of Equilibrium......Page 28
1.6 Road Map of Book......Page 32
2 Internal Force, Stress, and Strain......Page 34
2.1 Elements......Page 36
2.2 Internal Force......Page 38
2.3 Normal Stress......Page 48
2.4 Normal Strain......Page 56
2.5 Measuring Stress and Strain......Page 64
2.6 Elastic Behavior of Materials......Page 66
2.7 Failure and Allowable Limit on Stress......Page 74
2.8 Variety of Stress–Strain Response......Page 76
2.9 Shear Strain and Shear Stress......Page 84
2.10 Shear and Bearing Stress in Pin Joints......Page 86
3 Axial Loading......Page 100
3.1 Internal Force–Deformation–Displacement......Page 102
3.2 Varying Internal Force......Page 108
3.3 Systems of Axially Loaded Members......Page 116
3.4 Statically Indeterminate Structures......Page 124
3.5 Thermal Effects......Page 136
3.6 Wrapped Cables, Rings, and Bands......Page 144
4 Torsion......Page 152
4.1 Rotation......Page 154
4.2 Shear Strain in Circular Shafts......Page 156
4.3 Application and Transmission of Torque......Page 164
4.4 Shear Stress in Circular Shafts......Page 166
4.5 Strength and Stiffness......Page 178
4.6 Dependence of Stiffness and Strength on Shaft Properties......Page 180
4.7 General Guidelines for Torsional Stiffness of Non-Circular Cross-Sections......Page 182
4.8 Torsion of Shafts with Rectangular Cross-Sections......Page 192
4.9 Torsion of Shafts with Thin-Walled Cross-Sections......Page 194
4.10 Shafts with Non-Uniform Twisting Along Their Lengths......Page 202
4.11 Internal Torque and the Relation to Twist and Stress......Page 204
4.12 Relation Between Senses and Signs of Internal Torque, Twist, and Stress......Page 206
4.13 Shafts with Varying Cross-Sections......Page 208
4.14 Statically Indeterminate Structures Subjected to Torsion......Page 218
4.15 Power-Torque-Speed Relations for Rotating Shafts......Page 226
5 Bending......Page 234
(A) Shear Forces and Bending Moments......Page 236
(B) Stresses Due to Bending Moments......Page 266
(C) Stresses Due to Shear Forces......Page 320
(D) Deflections Due to Bending Moments......Page 334
6 Combined Loads......Page 380
6.1 Determining Internal Loads......Page 382
6.2 Drawing Stresses on 3-D Elements......Page 388
6.3 Pressure Vessels......Page 396
6.4 Elastic Stress–Strain Relations......Page 402
6.5 Deflections Under Combined Internal Loads......Page 408
6.6 Strain Energy......Page 414
6.7 Solving Problems Using Conservation of Energy......Page 416
7 Stress Transformations and Failure......Page 428
7.1 Goal of Chapter, and Strain is in the Eye of the Beholder......Page 430
7.2 Defining Stresses on General Surfaces......Page 432
7.3 Stress Transformation Formulas......Page 440
7.4 Maximum and Minimum Stresses......Page 448
7.5 Mohr’s Circle......Page 456
7.6 Failure Criteria......Page 462
7.7 Failure for Stresses in 3-D......Page 470
7.8 2-D Strain Transformations and Strain Rosettes......Page 476
7.9 Fatigue......Page 482
7.10 Stress Concentrations......Page 484
8 Buckling......Page 496
8.1 Buckling of Axially Loaded, Simply Supported Members......Page 498
8.2 Buckling of Axially Loaded Members—Alternative Support Conditions......Page 500
8.3 Design Equations for Axial Compression......Page 502
A. Focused Applications for Problems......Page 517
A-1 Bicycles......Page 518
A-2 Cable-Stayed Bridges......Page 520
A-3 Drilling......Page 522
A-4 Exercise Equipment......Page 524
A-5 Fracture Fixation......Page 526
A-6 Wind Turbines......Page 528
B-1 Centroid and Second Moment of Inertia......Page 530
B-2 Products of Inertia and Principal Axes of Inertia......Page 532
C. Tabulated Properties of Areas......Page 538
D. Material Properties......Page 541
E. Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes......Page 542
F. Wood Structural Member Properties......Page 551
G-1 Deflections and Slopes of Cantilever Beams......Page 552
G-2 Deflections and Slopes of Simply Supported Beams......Page 554
H. Stress Concentration Factors......Page 556
I-1 Shear Stress and Twist in Thin-Walled Shaft Subjected to Torsion......Page 558
I-2 Method of Singularity Functions......Page 560
I-3 Derivation of Stress Transformation Formulas......Page 564
I-4 Derivation of Equations for Maximum Normal and Shear Stress......Page 565
Answers to Selected Problems......Page 568
Key Terms......Page 578
B......Page 580
D......Page 581
F......Page 582
M......Page 583
R......Page 584
S......Page 585
T......Page 587
Y......Page 588