Mechanics of flight

CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Overview of Aerodynamics
1 .I. Introduction and Notation
1.2. Fluid Statics and the Atmosphere
1.3. The Boundary Layer Concept
1.4. lnviscid Aerodynamics
1.5. Review of Elementary Potential Flows
1.6. Incompressible Flow over Airfoils
1.7. Trailing-Edge Flaps and Section Flap Effectiveness
1.8. Incompressible Flow over Finite Wings
1.9. Flow over Multiple Lifting Surfaces
1 .I 0. lnviscid Compressible Aerodynamics
1 .I 1. Compressible Subsonic Flow
1.12. Supersonic Flow
1 .I 3. Problems
2 Overview of Propulsion
2.1. Introduction
2.2. The Propeller
2.3. Propeller Blade Theory
2.4. Propeller Momentum Theory
2.5. Off-Axis Forces and Moments Developed by a Propeller
2.6. Turbojet Engines: The Thrust Equation
2.7. Turbojet Engines: Cycle Analysis
2.8. The Turbojet Engine with Afterburner
2.9. Turbofan Engines
2.1 0. Concluding Remarks
2.1 1. Problems
3 Aircraft Performance
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Thrust Required
3.3. Power Required
3.4. Rate of Climb and Power Available
3.5. Fuel Consumption and Endurance
3.6. Fuel Consumption and Range
3.7. Power Failure and Gliding Flight
3.8. Airspeed, Wing Loading, and Stall
3.9. The Steady Coordinated Turn
3.10. Takeoff and Landing Performance
3.1 1. Accelerating Climb and Balanced Field Length
3.12. Problems
4 Longitudinal Static Stability and Trim
4.1. Fundamentals of Static Equilibrium and Stability
4.2. Pitch Stability of a Cambered Wing
4.3. Simplified Pitch Stability Analysis for a Wing-Tail
4.4. Stick-Fixed Neutral Point and Static Margin
4.5. Estimating the Downwash Angle on an Aft Tail
4.6. Simplified Pitch Stability Analysis for a Wing-Canard Combination
4.7. Effects of Drag and Vertical Offset
4.8. Contribution of the Fuselage and Nacelles
4.9. Contribution of Running Propellers
4.10. Contribution of Jet Engines
4.1 1. Problems
5 Lateral Static Stability and Trim
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Yaw Stability and Trim
5.3. Estimating the Sidewash Gradient on a Vertical Tail
5.4. Estimating the Lift Slope for a Vertical Tail
5.5. Roll Stability and Dihedral Effect
5.6. Roll Control and Trim Requirements
5.7. Longitudinal-Lateral Coupling
5.8. Control Surface Sign Conventions
5.9. Problems
6 Aircraft Controls and Maneuverability
6.1. Longitudinal Control and Maneuverability
6.2. Effects of Structural Flexibility
6.3. Control Force and Trim Tabs
6.4. Stick-Free Neutral and Maneuver Points
6.5. Ground Effect, Elevator Sizing, and CG Limits
6.6. Stall Recovery
6.7. Lateral Control and Maneuverability
6.8. Aileron Reversal
6.9. Other Control Surface Configurations
6.10. Airplane Spin
6.1 1. Problems
7 Aircraft Equations of Motion
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Newton's Second Law for Rigid-Body Dynamics
7.3. Position and Orientation: The Euler Angle Formulation
7.4. Rigid-Body 6-DOF Equations of Motion
7.5. Linearized Equations of Motion
7.6. Force and Moment Derivatives
7.7. Nondimensional Linearized Equations of Motion
7.8. Transformation of Stability Axes
7.9. Inertial and Gyroscopic Coupling
7.10. Problems
8 Linearized Longitudinal Dynamics
8.1. Fundamentals of Dynamics: Eigenproblems
8.2. Longitudinal Motion: The Linearized Coupled Equations
8.3. Short-Period Approximation
8.4. Long-Period Approximation
8.5. Pure Pitching Motion
8.6. Summary
8.7. Problems
9 Linearized Lateral Dynamics
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Lateral Motion: The Linearized Coupled Equations
9.3. Roll Approximation
9.4. Spiral Approximation
9.5. Dutch Roll Approximation
9.6. Pure Rolling Motion
9.7. Pure Yawing Motion
9.8. Longitudinal-Lateral Coupling
9.9. Nonlinear Effects
9.1 0. Summary
9.1 1 Problems
10 Aircraft Handling Qualities and
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Pilot Opinion
10.3. Dynamic Handling Quality Prediction
10.4. Response to Control Inputs
10.5. Nonlinear Effects and Longitudinal-Lateral Coupling
10.6. Problems
11 Aircraft Flight Simulation
11 .I. Introduction
11.2. Euler Angle Formulations
11.3. Direction-Cosine Formulation
11.4. Euler Axis Formulation
11.5. The Euler-Rodrigues Quaternion Formulation
11.6. Quaternion Algebra
11.7. Relations between the Quaternion and Other Attitude
11.8. Applying Rotational Constraints to the Quaternion
11.9. Closed-Form Quaternion Solution for Constant Rotation
11 .10. Numerical lntegration of the Quaternion Formulation
1 I .I 1. Summary of the Flat-Earth Quaternion Formulation
11.12. Aircraft Position in Geographic Coordinates
11 .I 3. Problems
Bibliography
Appendix
A Standard Atmosphere, SI Units
B Standard Atmosphere, English Units
Index