Materials Science of Synthetic Membranes

Title Page......Page 1
Half Title Page
......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
ACS Symposium Series......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 7
1 Membrane Materials Science An Overview......Page 8
Overview of This Volume......Page 14
Summary......Page 25
Literature Cited......Page 26
2 Material Selection for Membrane-Based Gas Separations......Page 29
Background and Theory......Page 30
Discussion......Page 34
Literature Cited......Page 48
3 Selection and Evaluation of Membrane Materials for Liquid Separations......Page 51
Physicochemical Considerations......Page 52
Membrane Material Selection......Page 62
Membrane Material Evaluation......Page 64
Membrane Materials: Past, Present and Future......Page 67
Summary......Page 75
Literature Cited......Page 76
4 Aromatic Polyamide Membranes......Page 84
Historical Development of Permasep Permeators......Page 85
Structure-Property Relationships for Membranes......Page 86
B-9 and B-10 Permasep Permeators......Page 94
Literature Cited......Page 99
5 Membrane Materials for Therapeutic Applications in Medicine......Page 102
Membrane Materials......Page 105
Membrane Performance......Page 109
Literature Cited......Page 119
Background......Page 122
Criteria for ILM Support Selection......Page 125
Operating Pressure Considerations......Page 127
Literature Cited......Page 130
Mechanism of Phase Inversion......Page 132
The Dry Process......Page 133
The Wet Process......Page 142
The Thermal Process......Page 150
The Polymer Assisted Phase Inversion (PAPI) Process......Page 152
Asymmetry and Anisotropy......Page 153
Composite Membranes......Page 157
Structural Irregularities......Page 160
Literature Cited......Page 163
8 Production of Microporous Media by Phase Inversion Processes......Page 166
Fundamentals of Phase Separation......Page 167
Experimental Procedures......Page 171
Experimental Results and Discussion......Page 172
Literature Cited......Page 195
9 Role of Microphase Separation Phenomena in the Formation of Porous Polymeric Membranes......Page 197
Theoretical Background......Page 198
Experiments......Page 209
Results and Discussion......Page 210
Relationship Between Mean Pore Radius, r1, and Porosity, Pr.......Page 221
Literature Cited......Page 228
10 Microporous Membranes via Upper Critical Temperature Phase Separation......Page 229
Phase Separation in Membrane Formation......Page 230
Membrane Properties......Page 234
Microporous Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes......Page 237
Literature Cited......Page 243
Membrane Development for Water Desalination......Page 245
The Influence of the Physical Structure of Integral-asymmetric CA Blend Membranes on Carbon Dioxide/Methane Separation......Page 254
The Influence of Temperature and Pressure on the Transport Properties of CA Blend Membranes......Page 264
Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 267
Literature Cited......Page 269
12 Evolution of Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes......Page 271
Separate Casting of the Barrier Layer......Page 273
Dip Coating Methods......Page 274
Interfacial Polymerization of the Barrier Layer......Page 277
Literature Cited......Page 289
13 Dependence of Dynamic Membrane Performance on Formation Materials and Procedures......Page 293
Commercial Developments......Page 294
Recent Developments......Page 296
Dynamic Polyblend Hyperfiltration Membranes......Page 297
Literature Cited......Page 300
Method to Trace the Evolvement of Morphology in a Dry-Jet Wet Spinning Process......Page 302
Double-Layered Membranes for Gas Separation......Page 307
X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Reverse Osmosis Hollow Fiber Membranes......Page 309
Separation of Aqueous Alcohol Solutions Through Ion-Exchange Hollow Fiber Membranes......Page 316
Literature Cited......Page 320
15 New Characterization Methods for Asymmetric Ultrafiltration Membranes......Page 321
Legend of symbols......Page 331
Literature Cited......Page 332
16 Pore Volume Distribution in Ultrafiltration Membranes......Page 333
Materials......Page 334
Ultrafiltration, Thickness, Density......Page 335
b) Model-independent approach......Page 336
Discussion......Page 340
Legend of Symbols......Page 343
Literature Cited......Page 344
17 Partial Solubility Parameter Characterization of Interpenetrating Microphase Membranes......Page 345
The Interpenetrating Microphase Model......Page 346
The Hildebrand Solubility Parameter......Page 347
The Partial Solubility Parameter of the Hydrophobic Portion of a Molecule......Page 348
Comparison with Experimental Data......Page 349
Literature Cited......Page 356
18 Structure and Properties of Perfluorinated Ion-Exchange Membranes......Page 358
Structure......Page 359
Small-Angle Scattering Studies......Page 360
Spectroscopic Studies......Page 365
Properties......Page 371
Dynamic Mechanical Studies......Page 383
Summary......Page 395
Literature Cited......Page 396
19 Ethanol-Water Separation by Countercurrent Reverse Osmosis......Page 399
Principles......Page 400
Experimental......Page 405
Results and Discussion......Page 406
Comparative Analysis of CCRO and Distillation......Page 413
Literature Cited......Page 417
20 Electrically Conductive Membranes Based on Polyacetylene Chemistry......Page 419
Experimental......Page 423
Results and Discussion......Page 431
Literature Cited......Page 435
21 Biofunctional Synthetic Membranes......Page 436
Biocatalytic Membranes......Page 437
Energy-transducing Membranes......Page 443
Photoreceptor Membranes.......Page 452
Chemoreceptor Membranes......Page 453
Membranes for Chemical Communication.......Page 462
Literature Cited......Page 464
Author Index......Page 470
B......Page 471
D......Page 472
G......Page 473
L......Page 474
M......Page 475
Ρ......Page 476
S......Page 478
W......Page 479
Ζ......Page 480