Provides essential information about pre-travel medicine
Includes up-to-date maps for a wide range of infections
Contains information for specific groups of travelers with special needs
Includes recommendations for common travel destinations
Provides immunization recommendations by country
The fourth edition of this well received book provides an authoritative and up-to-date resource to support good practice in travel medicine, a field that has evolved substantially in recent years. Concretely, there has been intensified monitoring of health problems among travelers, as well as extensive research efforts, which have led to the development of evidence-based approaches to the field.
The book includes expert recommendations regarding e.g. immunizations, malaria prophylaxis, travelers’ diarrhea, altitude sickness, emerging infections, and non-infectious health issues encountered by travelers. It provides a practical approach to the pre-travel consultation and management of most issues that arise in medical care for travelers. In addition, it provides expert advice for high-risk travelers, e.g. those with immunosuppression, the elderly, pregnant women and young children.
The text offers a user-friendly, practical handbook for healthcare practitioners during their clinical consultations, as well as nurses and pharmacists.
Author(s): Joseph Torresi, Sarah McGuinness, Karin Leder, Daniel O’Brien, Tilman Ruff
Edition: 4th Edition
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 447
Preface......Page 6
How to Use the Manual......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Vaccine Terminology and Abbreviations......Page 19
1: Principles of Pre-travel Healthcare......Page 23
1.1 Understand the Epidemiology of Travel and Travel-Related Conditions......Page 24
1.3 Start Early......Page 25
1.5 Individualise Advice......Page 26
1.6.1 Travellers with Chronic Conditions......Page 27
1.7 Encourage Personal Responsibility for Safe Behaviour......Page 28
1.7.3 Environmental Exposures......Page 29
1.7.5 Substance Abuse......Page 30
1.7.7 Traffic Accidents......Page 31
1.7.10 Blood-Borne Infections......Page 32
1.8 Consider Costs......Page 33
1.10 Recommend a Medical Kit......Page 34
1.12 Provide Advice on Medications and Medical Devices......Page 36
Key Reading......Page 39
Required......Page 40
Recommended......Page 42
2.1.2 Delay in Vaccine Doses......Page 43
Interaction Between Vaccines and Blood Products......Page 45
2.1.5 Interchangeability of Vaccine Products......Page 47
2.1.6 Practical Aspects of Immunisation......Page 48
2.2.2 Epidemiology......Page 51
2.2.3 Vaccine......Page 52
2.2.4 Recommendations......Page 53
2.3.2 Background and Epidemiology: Tetanus......Page 54
2.3.3 Diphtheria- and Tetanus-Containing Vaccines......Page 55
2.4.2 Epidemiology......Page 58
2.4.3 Hepatitis A immunisation......Page 60
2.4.4 Combined Hepatitis A and B Immunisation......Page 66
2.4.5 Combined Hepatitis A and Typhoid Immunisation......Page 69
2.5.1 Disease......Page 70
2.5.2 Epidemiology......Page 71
2.5.3 Vaccines......Page 73
2.5.4 Recommendations......Page 77
2.6.1 Epidemiology......Page 80
Contraindications and Precautions......Page 81
2.6.3 Recommendations......Page 82
2.6.4 Avian Influenza......Page 83
Advice to Travellers......Page 84
2.7.1 Disease......Page 85
2.7.2 Epidemiology......Page 86
2.7.4 JE in Torres Strait and Northern Australia......Page 87
2.7.6 Risk Factors for Acquiring JE Infection During Travel to Asia......Page 92
2.7.8 JESPECT (IXIARO in the United States and Europe; IC51, Seqirus)......Page 93
2.7.9 IMOJEV (JE ChimeriVax, JE-CV, Sanofi-Aventis)......Page 94
2.7.10 Recommendations......Page 95
2.8.2 Vaccine......Page 97
2.9.1 Disease......Page 99
2.9.2 Epidemiology......Page 100
2.9.3 Annual Islamic Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia (the Hajj)......Page 101
Dosage and Administration......Page 102
Contraindications and Precautions......Page 103
2.9.5 Recommendations......Page 104
2.10.1 Background and Epidemiology......Page 105
2.10.2 Vaccines......Page 106
2.10.3 Recommendations......Page 107
2.11.1 Background and Epidemiology......Page 108
2.11.3 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, 23-Valent (23vPPV)......Page 109
2.11.4 Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 13-Valent (13vPCV)......Page 111
2.12.1 Epidemiology......Page 114
2.12.2 Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine (Salk Type or IPV)......Page 116
2.12.3 Live Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine (Sabin-Type or OPV)......Page 117
Contraindications and Precautions......Page 118
2.12.4 Recommendations for Travellers......Page 119
2.13.1 Disease......Page 120
2.13.2 Epidemiology......Page 123
2.13.3 Vaccines......Page 124
2.13.4 Pre-exposure Vaccination......Page 125
2.13.5 Post-exposure Treatment......Page 130
2.14.2 Vaccines......Page 137
2.15.1 Disease......Page 139
2.15.2 Epidemiology......Page 140
2.15.3 Austrian and German Vaccines......Page 141
2.15.5 Recommendations......Page 143
2.16.1 Disease......Page 144
2.16.3 Risk to Travellers and Expatriates......Page 145
2.16.4 Vaccine......Page 147
National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee (NTAC) Recommendations......Page 149
2.17.1 Disease......Page 151
2.17.2 Epidemiology......Page 152
Available Monovalent Vaccines......Page 153
2.17.4 Vi Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine......Page 154
2.17.5 Live Attenuated S. Typhi Oral Vaccine Ty2la (Vivotif Oral)......Page 155
2.17.7 Recommendations for Use of Typhoid Vaccines......Page 158
2.18.1 Varicella (Chickenpox): Background and Epidemiology......Page 160
2.18.2 Vaccines......Page 161
2.18.3 Herpes Zoster (Shingles): Background and Epidemiology......Page 164
2.18.4 Shingles (Zoster) Vaccine......Page 165
2.19.1 Disease......Page 168
2.19.3 Yellow Fever Vaccine (Stamaril)......Page 169
2.19.4 Recommendations......Page 174
2.19.5 Accreditation and Documentation......Page 178
2.2 Cholera......Page 179
2.4 Hepatitis A......Page 180
2.6 Influenza......Page 181
2.7 Japanese Encephalitis (JE)......Page 182
2.9 Meningococcal Disease......Page 183
2.11 Pneumococcal Disease......Page 184
2.13 Rabies......Page 185
2.15 Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE)......Page 186
2.17 Typhoid......Page 187
2.18 Varicella Zoster Virus......Page 188
2.19 Yellow Fever......Page 189
3.1 Introduction......Page 191
3.2 Preventive Measures......Page 194
3.2.2 Early Diagnosis and Treatment......Page 195
N,N-Diethylmetatoluamide (DEET)......Page 196
Permethrin......Page 198
Malaria Chemoprophylaxis Strategies......Page 199
Actions and Indications......Page 201
Side Effects......Page 202
Actions and Indications......Page 203
Side Effects......Page 204
Precautions and Contraindications......Page 205
Actions and Indications......Page 207
Contraindications......Page 208
Precautions and Contraindications......Page 209
Actions and Indications......Page 210
Dose......Page 211
Contraindications......Page 212
3.3.8 How to Choose Malarial Prophylaxis......Page 213
Step 2: Determine If Regimen Should Be Modified......Page 214
Children......Page 215
Recommendations for Expatriates and Long-Term Travellers......Page 216
Very Short-Term Travellers......Page 217
Epilepsy......Page 218
Liver Disease......Page 219
3.4 Standby Emergency Self-Treatment......Page 220
Use......Page 221
Use......Page 222
3.5 Summary......Page 223
Key Reading......Page 224
4.1 Incidence......Page 226
4.2 Aetiology......Page 227
4.3.1 General Measures......Page 229
Disinfectants......Page 230
4.3.4 Nonantibiotic Interventions......Page 231
4.4.1 Fluids......Page 232
Antimotility Drugs......Page 233
4.4.4 Controversies Regarding Initiation of Antibiotics......Page 234
4.4.5 When Should Antibiotics for Self-Treatment Be Advised?......Page 235
Azithromycin......Page 237
Choice of Antibiotic......Page 238
Giardia Lamblia......Page 239
4.4.9 Other Forms of Chronic Diarrhoea......Page 240
4.5 Chemoprophylaxis......Page 241
Key Reading......Page 242
5.2 Types of Activities......Page 244
5.2.3 Diseases Transmitted Via Recreational and Occupational Activities......Page 248
Transmission and Risks to Travellers......Page 249
Prevention......Page 250
Geographical Distribution......Page 251
Prevention......Page 252
Geographical Distribution......Page 253
Geographical Distribution......Page 254
Prevention......Page 255
Illness......Page 256
Geographical Distribution......Page 257
Illness......Page 258
Prevention......Page 259
Transmission and Risks to Travellers......Page 260
Illness......Page 261
Transmission and Risks to Travellers......Page 262
Illness......Page 263
Management of Potential Exposures......Page 264
Geographical Distribution......Page 265
Transmission and Risks to Travellers......Page 266
Illness......Page 267
Illness......Page 268
Illness......Page 269
Illness......Page 270
Illness......Page 271
Prevention......Page 272
Illness......Page 273
Geographical Distribution......Page 274
Transmission and Risk to Travellers......Page 275
Illness......Page 276
Illness......Page 277
Illness......Page 278
Illness......Page 279
Geographical Distribution......Page 280
Prevention......Page 281
Key Reading......Page 282
Hypoxia......Page 284
Pressure Changes......Page 285
6.2.1 Incidence and Risk Factors......Page 286
6.2.2 Symptoms and Progression......Page 287
Medications......Page 288
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)......Page 290
Pheniramine (Avil)......Page 291
6.2.4 Recommendations......Page 292
6.3 Jet Lag......Page 293
6.3.1 Preparation......Page 294
6.3.4 Melatonin......Page 296
Use......Page 297
6.4.1 Background......Page 298
6.4.3 What Are the Risks?......Page 299
6.4.4 Recommendations for Prevention......Page 300
6.5.2 Normal Symptoms at Altitude......Page 301
6.5.3 What Is Altitude Illness?......Page 302
6.5.5 Acute Mountain Illness (AMS)......Page 303
6.5.6 Severe Altitude Illness......Page 305
6.5.8 Prevention of Altitude Illness......Page 306
6.5.9 Preventive Medications......Page 307
Acetazolamide......Page 308
Other Agents......Page 309
Severe AMS, HAPE and HACE......Page 310
6.5.12 Pre-existing Medical Conditions......Page 312
Motion Sickness......Page 313
Altitude Illness......Page 314
Altitude Illness: Resources for Patients......Page 315
Obstetric Risk Factors......Page 316
24–36 Weeks’ Gestation......Page 317
7.1.5 Nausea and Vomiting......Page 318
Polio Vaccines......Page 319
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Vaccines......Page 321
Chemoprophylaxis......Page 322
7.1.11 Food- and Water-Borne Illness......Page 323
7.1.12 Other Infections......Page 324
7.1.16 Contraception......Page 325
7.2 Children......Page 326
Routine Immunisations......Page 327
7.2.2 Travel-Specific Immunisation......Page 329
7.2.3 Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine......Page 330
Fluids and Food......Page 331
Antiemetic and Antimotility Drugs......Page 332
7.2.6 Malaria......Page 333
Antimalarial Drugs......Page 334
7.3 Older Travellers......Page 335
Increased Vulnerability......Page 336
7.3.4 Diminished Response to Vaccination......Page 337
7.3.6 Pre-travel Advice to Older Travellers......Page 339
7.4.1 Health Risks for Expatriates and Long-Term Travellers......Page 340
7.4.2 Preparation of Expatriates and Long-Term Travellers......Page 341
7.4.4 Baseline Health Assessment......Page 342
7.4.6 Culture Shock......Page 343
Hepatitis A......Page 344
Rabies......Page 345
7.4.8 Malaria Prevention......Page 346
7.4.11 Other Infectious Diseases......Page 347
7.5.1 Humanitarian Workers......Page 348
Pre-travel Considerations......Page 349
Travel-Related......Page 351
Health Items......Page 352
In-Country Considerations......Page 353
7.5.2 Health Workers......Page 354
Potential Risks......Page 355
Blood-Borne Infections......Page 356
7.6.2 Malaria......Page 357
7.6.6 Other Infections......Page 358
7.7.1 Patients with Coronary Artery Disease......Page 359
7.7.4 Malaria......Page 360
7.8.2 Fitness to Fly......Page 361
7.8.3 Before Travel......Page 362
7.9 Travellers with Diabetes......Page 363
7.9.1 General Advice......Page 364
7.9.2 Insulin Dosage......Page 365
7.10.1 General Considerations......Page 367
7.10.3 Immunisations......Page 368
7.10.4 Routine Immunisations......Page 369
7.10.5 Travel-Specific Immunisations......Page 372
7.10.6 Malaria......Page 374
7.10.7 Travellers’ Diarrhoea......Page 375
7.10.8 Other Infections......Page 376
7.11 The Immunocompromised Traveller......Page 377
Immunosuppressive Medication......Page 378
Transplantation......Page 379
7.11.3 Immunisation......Page 380
Specific Vaccines......Page 382
7.11.6 Travellers’ Diarrhoea......Page 384
7.12.1 Infections and Asplenia......Page 385
7.12.3 Antibiotic Prophylaxis......Page 386
7.12.4 Immunisation......Page 387
7.12.7 Spleen Australia......Page 388
7.13 Medical Tourism......Page 389
The Pregnant Traveller......Page 390
Older Travellers......Page 391
Humanitarian and Health Workers......Page 392
Travellers with Diabetes......Page 393
The Immunocompromised Traveller......Page 394
Medical Tourism......Page 395
8.1 Infections in Travellers......Page 396
8.1.1 Frequency of Illness Among Travellers......Page 397
8.1.2 History and Physical Examination......Page 398
Medications......Page 399
8.2.1 Fever......Page 400
8.2.3 Enteric Fever......Page 402
8.2.7 Diarrhoea......Page 403
8.2.8 Respiratory Infections......Page 404
8.2.9 Skin Problems......Page 405
8.2.11 Hepatitis......Page 406
8.4 The Returned Traveller Who Is Unwell/Febrile......Page 407
8.4.2 Initial Laboratory Tests to Consider in the Unwell/Febrile Traveller......Page 409
Key Reading......Page 410
9: Resources for Travel Health Information......Page 411
Guidelines Available in Printed or Web-Based Formats......Page 412
Subscription-Based Services......Page 413
Other Book Resources......Page 414
Websites for Regional Advice......Page 415
9.2 Resources Offering Up-to-Date Information on Changing Risks, Including Surveillance and Outbreak Information......Page 416
9.3 Resources for Travellers Themselves......Page 417
Appendix A: Common Travel Destinations......Page 419
Appendix B: Malaria Risk by Country and Recommendations for Chemoprophylaxis......Page 422
Appendix C: Vaccines: Route, Schedule, Lower Age Limit and Accelerated Regimens......Page 436
Appendix D: Vaccine Introduction and Use in Australia......Page 441
Key Reading......Page 447
